CN112719562A - Flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of spherical storage tank and welding method - Google Patents
Flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of spherical storage tank and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112719562A CN112719562A CN202011432559.3A CN202011432559A CN112719562A CN 112719562 A CN112719562 A CN 112719562A CN 202011432559 A CN202011432559 A CN 202011432559A CN 112719562 A CN112719562 A CN 112719562A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/12—Vessels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a friction stir welding flexible fixing device and a welding method for a spherical storage tank, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a basic mould tire chassis, a flexible support, a progressive support, a vacuum chuck, an integral pressing mould, a flexible pressing ring, a spherical storage box spherical shell and a bearing support; the flexible support is flexibly connected with the base mold base plate; the flexible compression ring is flexibly connected with the integral pressing die; the spherical shell of the spherical storage box is placed above the chassis of the basic mould tire, and after pre-alignment, the integral pressing mould is placed on the chassis of the basic mould tire and is rigidly connected with the chassis of the basic mould tire; the progressive support is arranged on the flexible support; the vacuum chuck is arranged on the base plate of the basic mould tire and provides force required by welding and fixing for the bearing support arranged at the welding opening. The invention solves the problems that when the spherical storage tank is assembled before friction stir welding, the welding back part is not attached to the tire easily due to the reasons of inconsistency of the spherical surface and the molded surface of the rigid tool and the like, and the quality defects of a hole type, incomplete penetration and other welding joints are formed after welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of a spherical storage tank and a welding method.
Background
At present, in the aerospace field of carrier rockets, aircrafts and the like, spherical storage tanks are widely applied, and friction stir welding has the remarkable characteristics of few welding defects, high welding quality and the like, so that the welding of the spherical storage tanks by adopting the friction stir welding technology becomes a development trend in the aerospace manufacturing field. However, the friction stir welding technique has strict requirements on assembly, and the spherical storage tank basically adopts a manufacturing scheme of sheet metal stretch forming and welding, so that the precision is difficult to stabilize on the inner profile precision and the welding edge thickness, and the difficulty of reliable welding is caused. Specifically, when friction stir welding is performed, the welding jig must firmly fix the welding area, provide a support with good adhesion on the back of the welding area, and compress the welding area well on the front of the welding area, so as to achieve good welding quality of friction stir welding. However, the spherical shell part of the spherical storage tank is manufactured by using stretch forming, and at least millimeter-scale manufacturing errors exist between the part profile and the theoretical profile in the existing manufacturing capability, tests show that hole type defects are easy to occur when a 0.2mm gap exists in a friction stir welding zone, even the welding is not completely welded, and the situation that assembly gaps are larger due to welding seam back sinking and welding deformation is caused when repair welding is carried out, so that the adopted friction stir welding fixture cannot compensate the size difference of the order, the welding seam is inevitably easy to have welding defects such as looseness and the like, and the repair is difficult, and the product quality is seriously affected.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a flexible fixing device and a reliable three-dimensional closed spherical curve friction stir welding technology in engineering application.
Patent document CN109352244A (application number: CN201811458240.0) discloses a circular seam welding device for a force bearing type spherical storage tank, which comprises: the clamping rod, the connecting disc, the base plate, the supporting rod, the disc, the adjusting disc and the adjusting screw rod. The clamping rod is welded with the connecting disc and is used for being connected with the rotating device; the chassis is provided with a screw rod which is connected with a threaded hole corresponding to the bearing storage box; the center of the chassis is provided with a groove to avoid interference with a filler neck of the bearing storage box; the height between the adjusting disc and the disc is adjusted through the adjusting screw rod, and the clamping range of the adjusting disc is adjustable; the inner side of the adjusting disc is an arc surface, so that the inner side of the adjusting disc is tightly attached to the bearing storage box.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a friction stir welding flexible fixing device for a spherical storage tank and a welding method.
The invention provides a friction stir welding flexible fixing device for a spherical storage tank, which comprises: the device comprises a basic mould tire chassis, a flexible support, a progressive support, a vacuum chuck, an integral pressing mould, a flexible pressing ring, a spherical storage box spherical shell and a bearing support;
the flexible support is flexibly connected with the base mold base plate;
the flexible compression ring is flexibly connected with the integral pressing die;
the spherical shell of the spherical storage box is placed above the chassis of the basic mould tire, and after pre-alignment, the integral pressing mould is placed on the chassis of the basic mould tire and is rigidly connected with the chassis of the basic mould tire;
the progressive support is arranged on the flexible support;
the vacuum chuck is arranged on the base mold base plate and provides force required by welding and fixing for the bearing support arranged at the welding opening.
Preferably, the base mold base plate provides internal integral rigid support for the fixing device, the base mold base plate is not in contact with and does not interfere with the inner surface of the spherical shell part, the outer circle radius is designed to be 10mm-20mm smaller than the theoretical radius of the inner profile of the spherical shell of the spherical storage tank, and the base mold base plate is provided with a reliable connecting interface with a working table of welding equipment.
Preferably, the flexible support is a self-adaptive fixed module on the inner surface of the spherical shell, the structure is annular, the arc length is 40-60 mm, and axial displacement and fixed support are provided for progressive support.
Preferably, the progressive support has the functions of axial single-degree-of-freedom displacement and locking and fixing, is adjusted to an avoiding position during opening operation before welding operation, is adjusted to a welding support position during welding, provides a fixed support for the vacuum chuck, and provides an upsetting force from the bottom to the top for the friction stir welding process.
Preferably, the vacuum chuck provides pressing force for the force bearing support, and the vacuum chuck and the progressive support act together to provide assembling fixing force for the force bearing support.
Preferably, the vacuum chuck provides a compressive force F that is related to the chuck diameter S and the vacuum pump vacuum:
the pressing force F is (P atmosphere-P vacuum) × S.
Preferably, the integral pressing die provides external integral rigid support for the fixing device, the fixing device is not in contact with and does not interfere with the outer surface of the spherical shell part, the radius of the inner shell wall is designed to be 10mm-20mm larger than the theoretical radius of the outer surface of the spherical shell of the spherical storage tank, and the integral pressing die has a reliable connection interface with the base die chassis.
Preferably, the flexible pressure ring is a self-adaptive fixed module on the outer surface of the spherical shell, and the position of the flexible pressure ring is adjusted according to the actual position of the outer surface of the spherical shell through a flexible variable floating function, so that the flexible pressure ring is attached to the outer surface of the spherical shell;
the flexible compression ring and the flexible support jointly act to provide assembling fixing force for milling an opening of a spherical shell of the spherical storage tank;
the flexible compression ring and the progressive support jointly act to provide assembling fixing force for the spherical shell welding operation of the spherical storage tank.
The invention provides a welding method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: before welding, placing the spherical shell part outside the chassis of the basic mould tire and inside the integral pressing mould;
step 2: adjusting the assembly positions of the flexible support and the flexible compression ring and the binding surfaces of the flexible support and the flexible compression ring with the spherical shell and the part through threads;
and step 3: adjusting the progressive support to a position far away from a welding area, performing welding hole opening operation preparation, determining the allowance of a fine cutter through a bearing support, and then milling an opening to a final state;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the progressive support to a welding position, checking the tire attaching condition of the progressive support and a spherical shell of the spherical storage box, wherein the tire attaching gap is less than 0.3mm, installing a bearing support, adjusting the position of a vacuum chuck, starting a vacuum pump, and applying pressing force to the bearing support;
and 5: fusion welding positioning is adopted, the positioning length of each section is 30-50mm, 4 sections are uniformly positioned, and the welding current is 250 +/-20A;
step 6: a back-pumping welding stirring head is adopted, and the extension of a stirring needle exceeds the welding thickness by 0.3 mm;
and 7: and (3) after the welding area is cooled in a clamping state, decomposing the friction stir welding flexible fixing device of the spherical storage box, taking down the spherical shell and the bearing support of the spherical storage box, removing the flash, polishing the surface of the welding area, and performing coloring inspection and X-ray inspection.
Preferably, the assembly clearance between the spherical shell of the spherical storage box and the bearing support is less than 0.2 mm;
when holes are formed in the welded holes, a 20mm end mill is used for operating an edge milling program, the rotating speed is 600r/min, the walking speed is 300mm/min, and the feed amount is less than 3 mm;
when fusion welding is positioned, a needleless stirring head is adopted for full circle positioning welding, the diameter of a shaft shoulder of a stirring tool is equal to the welding thickness multiplied by 3, the pressing-in amount is kept between 0.1mm and 0.2mm, the stirring speed is 600r/min, and the welding speed is 200 mm/min;
when the drawing welding is carried out, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 600 revolutions per minute, the welding speed is 200mm per minute, the welding length is 365 degrees, the drawing welding is started after the welding reaches 365 degrees, and the drawing speed of the stirring pin is 2mm per minute.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of the spherical storage tank, the flexible supporting and the flexible pressing ring are supported in a progressive mode, so that the adaptability of a friction stir welding fixture to the appearance of a welded part is improved, the problems that the pressing force of the front side of the spherical welding part is insufficient or the degree of tyre sticking to the back side of the spherical welding part is poor are solved, and high-quality friction stir welding of the spherical storage tank is realized by introducing a novel friction stir welding positioning mode;
2. the invention adopts the design idea of the flexible self-adaptive fixing module to deal with the unpredictable deviation and discreteness between the actual molded surface and the theoretical molded surface of the spherical shell part, and realizes that 1 fixing device has the capability of being suitable for gapless assembly under the condition that a plurality of molded surfaces are inconsistent;
3. according to the invention, through the introduction of the vacuum chuck, the problem of interference between the pressing device and the stirring tool in the traditional assembly mode is solved, and meanwhile, a positioning environment before welding is provided; by combining the technological methods of needle-free stirring tool positioning and pumpback type friction stir welding, the deformation and displacement of parts in the welding process are reduced, and the high-quality friction stir welding of a spherical closed curve is realized;
4. the invention can adapt to the local gapless rigid fixation of products with different spherical profile structures in a certain range, meets the requirements of friction stir welding on assembly, and can realize the self-adaptive flexible assembly and fixation of the to-be-welded area of the spherical inner profile;
5. the invention introduces the vacuum chuck, effectively solves the problem of interference between the traditional tool and a stirring tool when the three-dimensional closed curve is welded as a bearing support, and can realize the self-adaptive flexible assembly and fixation of the to-be-welded area on the outer surface of the spherical surface.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding condition of a friction stir welding flexible fixing device of a spherical storage tank;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the opening condition before welding of the flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of the spherical storage tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention aims to provide a flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of a spherical storage tank, which compensates the error between the actual profile and the theory of a product through the self-adaptive flexible assembly capacity, realizes the reliable fixation of a welding fixture on a spherical shell part, and meets the welding requirement.
Referring to fig. 1, the base mold base plate, flexible support and vacuum chuck are preassembled before application.
Before welding, the spherical shell part is placed on the outer side of the basic mould tire and the inner side of the integral pressing mould, and because the diameter of the basic mould tire is 10-20 mm smaller than the radius of the spherical shell and the diameter of the integral pressing mould is 10-20 mm larger than the diameter of the spherical shell, after assembly, the spherical shell part, the basic mould tire and the integral pressing mould are not in surface contact.
Pre-assembling the flexible support, adjusting the assembling position of the flexible support and the optimal binding surface with the spherical shell and the part through threads, wherein the supporting position ensures that 25-30 mm is reserved on two sides of the area to be welded;
adjusting the assembly position of the flexible compression ring and the optimal binding surface of the flexible compression ring and the spherical shell through threads, reserving the compression position of the flexible compression ring 20-30 mm away from the position to be welded, ensuring that the step difference between the spherical shell at the position to be welded and the back of a part is less than 0.1mm, and ensuring that the gap between the welding back is less than 0.2 mm;
and under the condition that the assembly position is adjusted, the vacuum chuck device is adopted to pre-fix the parts to be welded, and the flexible support and the flexible pressure ring are adjusted and fastened again.
And (3) adopting a needleless stirring tool to perform full circle positioning before welding, wherein the diameter of a shaft shoulder of the stirring tool is approximately equal to the welding thickness multiplied by 3, and after positioning, adopting a back-drawing type friction stir welding process to implement formal welding.
The flexible fixing device realized by the invention can adapt to the structural assembly under the condition that the actual profiles of a plurality of spherical shell parts are inconsistent with the theoretical profiles, and realizes the reliable welding of the closed curve on the small-diameter spherical surface by introducing the matching of the vacuum chuck pre-positioning, the friction stir welding positioning and the welding process scheme.
In summary, the invention provides a flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of a spherical storage tank and a welding method, and verification proves that closed curve friction stir welding under the condition that actual molded surfaces of a plurality of spherical shell parts are inconsistent with theoretical molded surfaces is finally realized through the scheme provided by the invention.
Example 2:
example 2 is a further preferred example of example 1.
The basic mould tire chassis is used as a basic framework of the whole flexible fixing device, other parts are directly or indirectly connected with the basic mould tire chassis, and the basic mode chassis is rigidly connected with a working table of welding equipment during welding; and placing the welding object 1 (spherical storage box spherical shell) above the base mold base plate, pre-aligning, and then placing the integral pressing mold on the base mold base plate to be rigidly connected with the base mold base plate. In the initial use stage, the flexible support and the base mold base plate are in flexible connection, the flexible pressing ring and the whole pressing mold are in flexible connection, the positions of the flexible support and the flexible pressing ring are adjusted according to the 1 molded surface of the welding object, the flexible support and the flexible pressing ring are ensured to be well attached to the welding object 1, and the flexible support and the base mold base plate and the flexible pressing ring and the whole pressing mold are connected and switched into rigid connection. At the moment, the progressive supporting and vacuum chuck is positioned at a position far away from the welding object 1, and milling opening operation can be implemented on the welding object 1 by using the friction stir welding equipment to install a milling cutter, as shown in figure 2, the working condition schematic diagram of the opening before welding of the flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of the spherical storage tank is shown; and adjusting the progressive support position after finishing the opening milling operation until the progressive support is in a supporting relation with the welding object 1, and stopping the adjustment. And installing a welding object 2 (force bearing support) at a welding opening, adjusting the position of a vacuum chuck until the vacuum chuck is in a supporting relation with the welding object 2, stopping adjustment, starting the vacuum chuck, applying vacuum suction to the welding product 2, and jointly acting with a flexible support and a flexible pressure ring to fix the welding product 1 and the welding product 2.
The base mold base plate provides internal integral rigid support for the fixing device, is not in contact with and does not interfere with the inner surface of the spherical shell part, the outer circle radius is designed to be 10mm-20mm smaller than the theoretical radius of the inner profile of the welding product 1, and a reliable connecting interface is formed between the base mold base plate and the working table of the welding equipment.
The flexible support is a self-adaptive fixed module on the inner surface of the spherical shell, the structure is annular, the arc length is about 40-60 mm, and axial displacement and fixed support are provided for progressive support. Through the flexible variable floating function, the position of the flexible support can be adjusted according to the actual profile of the inner surface of the spherical shell, and good fitting degree of the flexible support and the progressive support with the inner surface of the spherical shell is realized.
The progressive support is arranged on the flexible support, has the functions of axial single-degree-of-freedom displacement extension and locking and fixing, can be adjusted to an avoiding position during opening operation before welding operation, and can be adjusted to a welding support position during welding, and meanwhile, the progressive support provides fixed support for the vacuum chuck. The progressive bracing provides an upset force from bottom to top for the friction stir welding process
The vacuum chuck provides pressing force for the welding product 2, and provides assembling fixing force for the welding product 2 under the combined action of progressive support. The vacuum chuck can provide a compressive force related to the chuck diameter and vacuum pump vacuum.
Pressing force Fyj＝(PAtmosphere (es)-PVacuum)×SDisc with a circular groove
The integral pressing die provides external integral rigid support for the fixing device, is not in contact with and does not interfere with the outer surface of the spherical shell part, the radius of the inner shell wall is designed to be 10mm-20mm larger than the theoretical radius of the outer surface of the welded product 1, and the inner shell wall and the base mold base have reliable connection interfaces.
The flexible compression ring is a self-adaptive fixed module on the outer surface of the spherical shell, and the position of the flexible compression ring is adjusted according to the actual position of the outer surface of the spherical shell through a flexible variable floating function, so that the flexible compression ring and the outer surface of the spherical shell are well attached. The flexible support and the progressive support jointly act to provide assembling fixing force for milling an opening of the welding object 1 and the progressive support jointly act to provide assembling fixing force for welding operation of the welding object 1.
The welding method comprises the following steps:
before welding, the spherical shell part is placed on the outer side of the basic mould tire and the inner side of the integral pressing mould, and because the diameter of the basic mould tire is 10-20 mm smaller than the radius of the spherical shell and the diameter of the integral pressing mould is 10-20 mm larger than the diameter of the spherical shell, after assembly, the spherical shell part, the basic mould tire and the integral pressing mould are not in surface contact;
pre-assembling a flexible support and a flexible pressure ring, adjusting the assembling positions of the flexible support and the flexible pressure ring and the optimal binding surface with the spherical shell and the part through threads, wherein the supporting positions ensure that 25-30 mm is reserved on two sides of a region to be welded;
and adjusting the progressive support to a position far away from the welding area, preparing for the operation of opening a welding hole, and running an edge milling program by using a 20mm end mill at the rotating speed of 600r/min and the walking speed of 300mm/min, wherein the feed amount is less than 3 mm. And (3) trial assembly is carried out on the welding product 2, the fine cutter allowance is determined, and then the hole is milled to the final state, so that the assembly clearance between the welding product 1 and the welding product 2 is ensured to be less than 0.2 mm.
Adjusting the progressive support to the welding position, and checking the tyre sticking condition of the progressive support and the welding product 1, wherein the tyre sticking gap is less than 0.3 mm. Installing the welding product 2, adjusting the position of the vacuum chuck, starting the vacuum pump, and applying pressing force to the welding product 2.
And (3) fusion welding positioning is adopted, the positioning length of each section is 30-50mm, 4 sections are uniformly positioned, and the welding current is 250 +/-20A. The pin-less stirring head is adopted for full circle tack welding, the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring tool is approximately equal to the welding thickness multiplied by 3, the pressing-in amount is kept between 0.1mm and 0.2mm, the stirring speed is 600r/min, and the welding speed is 200 mm/min.
And (3) adopting a drawing welding stirring head, wherein the extension of a stirring pin exceeds the welding thickness by 0.3mm, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 600 revolutions per minute, the welding speed is 200mm per minute, the welding length is 365 degrees, drawing welding is started after the welding reaches 365 degrees, and the drawing speed of the stirring pin is 2mm per minute.
And (3) after the welding area is cooled in a clamping state, decomposing the spherical tank friction stir welding flexible fixing device, taking down the welded products 1 and 2, removing the flash, polishing the surface of the welding area, and performing coloring inspection and X-ray inspection.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof provided by the present invention in purely computer readable program code, the same procedures can be implemented entirely by logically programming method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof are provided in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system, the device and the modules thereof provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included in the system, the device and the modules thereof for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures in the hardware component; modules for performing various functions may also be considered to be both software programs for performing the methods and structures within hardware components.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a flexible fixing device of spherical storage tank friction stir welding which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a basic mould tire chassis, a flexible support, a progressive support, a vacuum chuck, an integral pressing mould, a flexible pressing ring, a spherical storage box spherical shell and a bearing support;
the flexible support is flexibly connected with the base mold base plate;
the flexible compression ring is flexibly connected with the integral pressing die;
the spherical shell of the spherical storage box is placed above the chassis of the basic mould tire, and after pre-alignment, the integral pressing mould is placed on the chassis of the basic mould tire and is rigidly connected with the chassis of the basic mould tire;
the progressive support is arranged on the flexible support;
the vacuum chuck is arranged on the base mold base plate and provides force required by welding and fixing for the bearing support arranged at the welding opening.
2. The flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of the spherical storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the base mold base plate provides an internal integral rigid support for the fixing device, is not in contact with and does not interfere with the inner surface of the spherical shell part, has an outer circle radius designed to reduce the theoretical radius of the inner profile of the spherical shell of the spherical storage tank by 10mm to 20mm, and has a reliable connection interface with the working table of the welding equipment.
3. The flexible fixture of claim 1 wherein the flexible support is a self-adaptive fixture module on the inner surface of the spherical shell, having a ring-like configuration with an arc length of 40mm to 60mm, providing axial displacement and fixed support for the progressive support.
4. The flexible fixture of claim 1 wherein said progressive support has the function of axial displacement in a single degree of freedom and locking fixation, and is adjusted to an avoidance position during an opening operation prior to a welding operation, and is adjusted to a welding support position during a welding operation, while providing a fixed support for the vacuum chuck and an upset force from bottom up for the friction stir welding process.
5. The flexible fixture of claim 1 in which the vacuum chuck provides a compressive force to the outrigger and cooperates with the progressive support to provide an assembly holding force to the outrigger.
6. The spherical tank friction stir welding flexible fixture of claim 1 wherein said vacuum chuck provides a compaction force F related to chuck diameter S and vacuum pump vacuum:
pressing force F ═ PAtmosphere (es)-PVacuum)×S。
7. The flexible fixture for friction stir welding of a spherical tank according to claim 1 wherein said integral die provides an external integral rigid support for the fixture, without contact and interference with the outer surface of the spherical shell part, and the radius of the inner shell wall is designed to increase the theoretical radius of the spherical shell outer surface of the spherical tank by 10mm to 20mm, providing a secure connection interface with the base die bottom plate.
8. The flexible fixing device for friction stir welding of the spherical storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the flexible pressure ring is a self-adaptive fixing module for the outer surface of the spherical shell, and the position of the flexible pressure ring is adjusted according to the actual position of the outer surface of the spherical shell through a flexible variable floating function, so that the flexible pressure ring is attached to the outer surface of the spherical shell;
the flexible compression ring and the flexible support jointly act to provide assembling fixing force for milling an opening of a spherical shell of the spherical storage tank;
the flexible compression ring and the progressive support jointly act to provide assembling fixing force for the spherical shell welding operation of the spherical storage tank.
9. A method of welding using the spherical tank friction stir welding flexible fixture of any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
step 1: before welding, placing the spherical shell part outside the chassis of the basic mould tire and inside the integral pressing mould;
step 2: adjusting the assembly positions of the flexible support and the flexible compression ring and the binding surfaces of the flexible support and the flexible compression ring with the spherical shell and the part through threads;
and step 3: adjusting the progressive support to a position far away from a welding area, performing welding hole opening operation preparation, determining the allowance of a fine cutter through a bearing support, and then milling an opening to a final state;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the progressive support to a welding position, checking the tire attaching condition of the progressive support and a spherical shell of the spherical storage box, wherein the tire attaching gap is less than 0.3mm, installing a bearing support, adjusting the position of a vacuum chuck, starting a vacuum pump, and applying pressing force to the bearing support;
and 5: fusion welding positioning is adopted, the positioning length of each section is 30-50mm, 4 sections are uniformly positioned, and the welding current is 250 +/-20A;
step 6: a back-pumping welding stirring head is adopted, and the extension of a stirring needle exceeds the welding thickness by 0.3 mm;
and 7: and (3) after the welding area is cooled in a clamping state, decomposing the friction stir welding flexible fixing device of the spherical storage box, taking down the spherical shell and the bearing support of the spherical storage box, removing the flash, polishing the surface of the welding area, and performing coloring inspection and X-ray inspection.
10. The welding method of claim 9, wherein the assembly clearance between the spherical shell of the spherical storage tank and the force bearing support is less than 0.2 mm;
when holes are formed in the welded holes, a 20mm end mill is used for operating an edge milling program, the rotating speed is 600r/min, the walking speed is 300mm/min, and the feed amount is less than 3 mm;
when fusion welding is positioned, a needleless stirring head is adopted for full circle positioning welding, the diameter of a shaft shoulder of a stirring tool is equal to the welding thickness multiplied by 3, the pressing-in amount is kept between 0.1mm and 0.2mm, the stirring speed is 600r/min, and the welding speed is 200 mm/min;
when the drawing welding is carried out, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 600 revolutions per minute, the welding speed is 200mm per minute, the welding length is 365 degrees, the drawing welding is started after the welding reaches 365 degrees, and the drawing speed of the stirring pin is 2mm per minute.
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