CN112719016A - Method for determining fillet radius of spinning roller of two spinning rollers of cylindrical part - Google Patents
Method for determining fillet radius of spinning roller of two spinning rollers of cylindrical part Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 554
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
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Abstract
A method for determining the radius of the circular corner of the spinning roller with two spinning rollers for cylindrical workpiece features that the diameter D of cylindrical workpiece and the initial wall thickness t of spinning blank are taken into consideration0The method comprises the steps of determining the influence rule of the spinning core mold parameters, the cooling mode and the cooling liquid flow on the spinning forming precision of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, the pass thinning amount delta t, the metal material type and strength, the spinning machine rigidity, the spinning wheel quantity, the spinning core mold parameters, the cooling mode and the cooling liquid flow, determining the calculation method of the radius of the fillet of the spinning wheel during the spinning of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, and providing a basis for the calculation and selection of the radius of the fillet of the spinning wheel during the spinning of the two spinning wheels of the. The method is used for guiding the actual production and machining process, can conveniently and quickly set the parameters of the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel, and is used for stably forming the high-precision cylindrical spinning structural part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the spinning manufacturing industry, in particular to a method for determining the radius of a rotary wheel fillet during spinning of two rotary wheels of a cylindrical part.
Background
With the rapid development of aviation and aerospace technologies and national economy in China, the requirements on thin-wall metal spinning cylindrical parts are more and more urgent, and the precision requirements of parts are higher and higher, so that the requirements on the stability, applicability and scientificity and rapidness of parameter selection of the cylindrical part powerful spinning process are higher and higher.
The fillet radius of the spinning wheel is an important tool structure parameter of the cylinder-shaped member power spinning process. Spinning production practices show that in a certain range, when the fillet radius of the spinning wheel is large, the metal volume of a deformation area of the contact surface of the spinning wheel and a workpiece is increased, the large fillet radius can effectively increase the spinning pass thinning amount, large thinning deformation is realized, the production efficiency is high, but the large thinning amount can also cause the cylindrical part to crack due to strong axial stretching effect during forward spinning; when a larger fillet radius is adopted, the apparent mass of the cylindrical part is relatively higher due to a larger metal overlapping part in a deformation area, the spinning ripple defect is not easy to occur, and the apparent mass is good; the larger fillet radius has better effect of preventing the metal material from bulging, but the axial flow of the spinning cylindrical part is poorer, the diameter of the cylindrical part is relatively difficult, and the die-sticking performance of the cylindrical part is poorer; the large fillet radius is beneficial to improving the rigidity of the spinning wheel and prolonging the service life of the spinning wheel. When the radius of the rotary wheel fillet is small, the axial flow of the spinning cylindrical part is good, the diameter shrinkage of the cylindrical part is relatively easy, the die-attaching performance is good, but the cylindrical part is possibly tightly hooped on a spinning die and is not easy to unload, and the defect of scratching the inner surface is easy to occur during unloading; the smaller fillet radius can reduce the apparent mass of the cylindrical part, and thicker apparent spinning lines appear, so that the product has poorer form and position precision, such as larger wall thickness deviation, roundness and straightness, and even the spinning part generates distortion, instability and cracking; when the small fillet radius is adopted for spinning, the cylindrical part is easy to have the defects of material accumulation, bulging and fracturing; when the small fillet radius is processed, the abrasion of the spinning wheel with poor rigidity is serious, and the service life of the spinning wheel is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the material strength and the type of the spinning cylindrical part are also important factors for selecting the fillet radius of the effective spinning wheel, according to the related production practice experience, the lower the material strength is, the larger the fillet radius of the spinning wheel is, and for pure titanium, aluminum alloy and medium-low strength steel, the relatively larger fillet radius is generally adopted to promote the flow of deformed metal and prevent accumulation; for titanium alloy and ultra-high strength steel, a relatively small fillet radius is generally adopted to increase the spinning pressure, improve the deformation condition and realize the forming and precision control. Therefore, the reasonable, effective and accurate radius of the rotary wheel fillet has important significance for controlling the quality of the rotary cylinder-shaped part product.
After investigation, the calculation and setting of the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel during the spinning of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part at the present stage mainly adopt two sets of schemes: 1. taking values according to production experience; 2. the value is calculated by a simple formula, and the two schemes have the following defects:
1. and taking values according to production experience. Each production unit summarizes the radius value experience of the rotary wheel fillet during the spinning of two rotary wheels of a relatively stable cylindrical part according to the specification and the size, the material strength and the type, the diameter of the cylindrical part, the wall thickness reduction condition of each pass, the processing capacity of equipment and other special conditions of the product processed by the production unit, the empirical parameters have certain guiding significance on the production of the cylindrical part product within a certain range of the unit, but the stability, the applicability, the popularity and the scientificity of the method of the radius of the rotary wheel fillet selected according to the production experience are poor, and the experience does not have universal popularization significance.
2. And calculating values by a simple formula. Related documents all provide simple methods for calculating the fillet radius of the spinning wheel during spinning of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, the calculation methods generally only judge the structure and parameters of the spinning wheel, the materials of the spinning cylindrical part, the diameter of the cylindrical part, the initial wall thickness of a spinning blank and the pass reduction are not fully considered, the phenomenon that the consideration is not comprehensive exists, the actual fillet radius of the spinning wheel is often required to be further adjusted according to the multiple-time trial spinning processing result, the practical guiding significance of production is not sufficient, the calculation formula is complex, the calculation amount is large, and the rapid and convenient practicability is not achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of low precision, poorer scientificity and no general popularization significance in the prior art, the invention provides a method for determining the fillet radius of a cylindrical piece two-spinning wheel spinning wheel.
The specific process of the invention is as follows:
firstly, determining influence factors of the fillet radius of the spinning wheel:
including a first spinning wheel fillet radius and a second spinning wheel fillet radius.
The determined influence factors of the fillet radius of the spinning wheel comprise the diameter D of the cylindrical part and the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank0Pass thinning amount, type and strength of metal materials, rigidity of a spinning machine, structural parameters of a spinning wheel, parameters of a spinning core mold, a cooling mode and a cooling speed.
Determining the pass reduction amount of the first spinning wheel to be 2.6mm, and determining the pass reduction amount of the second spinning wheel to be 2.4 mm; the cooling mode is water cooling; the flow rate of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to 240L/min.
And secondly, determining values of all constants.
Determining the value of each constant comprises:
i influence factor K of spinning blank D on fillet radius of spinning wheel1。
The influence factor K1Is a constant term. The influencing factor K1When the diameter of the cylindrical part is less than or equal to 2000mm, taking the cylindrical part as 0-0.02, and increasing the diameter of the spinning blank along with the increase of the diameter D of the spinning blank; and the influence factor K is given for every 100mm increase in the diameter of the spinning cylinder1The value of (a) increases by 0.001.
II spinning blank initial spinning wall thickness t0Influence factor K of radius of opposite-rotating wheel fillet2。
By a constant K2To characterize the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank of the cylindrical part0And during spinning, the influence factors of the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel. The influencing factor K2The diameter of the cylindrical part spun by two spinning wheels is less than or equal to 2000mm, and the spinning wheelThe initial wall thickness of the blank is 0.1-0.3 when the initial wall thickness of the blank is 10-30 mm, and the initial wall thickness t of the blank is spun0Is increased with an increase in; initial wall thickness t of spinning blank of spinning cylindrical part0For every 10mm increase, the influencing factor K2The value of (a) increases by 0.1.
III influence factor K of spinning pass reduction delta t on radius of fillet of spinning wheel3。
By using a constant K3And characterizing the influence factor of the pass reduction quantity delta t of the cylindrical part on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the fillet radius of the second spinning wheel during spinning of the two spinning wheels. The influencing factor K3When the diameter of the spinning cylindrical part is less than or equal to 2000mm and the spinning pass thinning amount is 0-15 mm, the thickness is 0.5-1.5, and the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank is taken along with0Is increased with an increase in; the influence factor K is obtained when the reduction delta t of the spinning pass of the spinning cylindrical part is increased by 1mm3The value of (a) increases by 0.1.
IV, influence factors K of the type and the strength of the metal material, the rigidity of the spinning machine, the number and the structural parameters of the spinning wheels, the parameters of the spinning core mold, the cooling mode and the cooling speed on the fillet radius of the spinning wheels4。
By using a constant K4And characterizing influence factors of the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the fillet radius of the second spinning wheel during spinning of the two spinning wheels. Influencing factor K4Decreasing with increasing spinning machine and its rigidity, decreasing with increasing spinning wheel springback, decreasing with increasing spinning material and its strength, increasing with increasing pass reduction; taking-1 to-1.
V when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the influence factor K of the staggered processing mode on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel0。
Said K0Is a constant term. When the diameter of the cylindrical part processed by the spinning method of the two spinning wheels is less than or equal to 2000mm, the influence factor K0Taking 1.0-1.2. Influence factor K when synchronous spinning is adopted01, the fillet radii of the two rotary wheels are the same;
and step two, calculating the fillet radius of each spinning wheel:
R＝K1D+×K2t0+K3Δt+K4 (1)
R1＝K0R (2)
R2＝R (3)
in formulas (1) to (3):
r is the radius of a circular bead of the spinning wheel when the two spinning wheels synchronously spin;
K1the influence factor of the spinning blank D on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel is shown;
d is the diameter of the spinning blank;
K2for spinning the blank to a wall thickness t0Influence factors on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel;
delta t is the flow forming pass thinning amount;
K3influence factors of the spinning pass thinning quantity delta t on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel;
K4the factors of the impact of the rigidity of the spinning machine, the resilience quantity of the spinning rollers, the type and the strength of spinning materials, the parameters of a spinning core mold, a cooling mode and the flow of cooling liquid on the fillet radius of the spinning rollers during the spinning of the two spinning rollers are included;
R1when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the radius of a fillet of the first spinning wheel is equal to the radius of the fillet of the second spinning wheel;
K0the influence factor of the offset processing mode on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel is obtained when the two spinning wheels are in offset spinning;
R2when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the radius of a fillet of the second spinning wheel is equal to the radius of the fillet of the second spinning wheel;
radius of radius R of first rotary wheel1Taking the fillet radius R of a second rotary wheel of 15mm2Take 13.5 mm.
The invention relates to the spinning manufacturing industry, which comprehensively considers the diameter D of a cylindrical part and the initial wall thickness t of a spinning blank0The method comprises the steps of defining a calculation method of the radius of a rotary wheel fillet during the spinning of two rotary wheels of a cylindrical part, defining the influence law of the type and the strength of a metal material, the rigidity of a spinning machine, the number of rotary wheels, parameters of a spinning core mold, a cooling mode and the flow of cooling liquid on the spinning forming precision of the two rotary wheels of the cylindrical part, and is a high-precision thin-wall cylindrical partThe calculation and selection of the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel provide basis when the two spinning wheels of the shaped piece spin. The method is used for guiding the actual production and the machining process, conveniently and quickly setting the radius parameter of the circular bead of the spinning wheel, and is used for stably forming the high-precision cylindrical spinning structural part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the selection of the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel during spinning of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part is quantitatively calculated for the first time, and meanwhile, the parameter selection during offset spinning of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part is fully considered. The existing selection modes are generally two, and the value is directly taken according to the traditional cylinder strong spinning production experience or is taken according to the numerical simulation result of a computer. When values are taken according to traditional experiences, the summarized radius taking experience of the rotary wheel fillet in traditional strong spinning of some relatively stable cylindrical parts often does not have reference due to the differences of specification and size, material strength and type, diameter of the cylindrical part, wall thickness reduction condition of each pass, processing capacity of a spinning machine and other special conditions of processed products. For example, when the traditional cylindrical part is subjected to powerful spinning, the fillet radius of the spinning wheel is selected according to the diameter of the processed cylindrical part and the thickness of a spinning blank, the numerical value is generally 1-3 times of the thickness of the spinning blank when the cylindrical part is subjected to powerful spinning, and the larger the diameter of the processed cylindrical part is, the thicker the thickness of the spinning blank wall is, and the larger the fillet radius of the spinning wheel is; for example, when the fillet radius of the spinning wheel is large, the spinning pass thinning amount can be effectively increased, deformation with large thinning amount is realized, the production efficiency is high, the apparent mass of the cylindrical part is relatively high, the apparent quality defects such as spinning corrugation and the like are not easy to occur, the diameter of the cylindrical part is relatively difficult, and the service life of the spinning wheel is long. When the fillet radius of the spinning wheel is small, the axial flow of the spinning cylindrical part is good, the diameter shrinkage of the cylindrical part is relatively easy, the apparent quality of the cylindrical part is reduced, thick apparent spinning lines appear, the wall thickness deviation of a product is large, the shape and position accuracy such as roundness and straightness is poor, even the spinning part is distorted, unstable and cracked, the rigidity of the spinning wheel is poor, the abrasion is severe, and the service life of the spinning wheel is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, when the two spinning wheels are used for spinning, the selection of the fillet radius of the spinning wheels also needs to comprehensively consider the remarkable characteristics of the synchronous and offset spinning processes of the cylindrical part, for example, when the offset spinning is carried out, the first spinning wheel is generally used for cogging spinning, the thinning amount of the first spinning wheel is generally slightly larger than that of the second spinning wheel, meanwhile, because the stress balance and the deformation stability of metal in a deformation area are the most critical factors influencing the forming precision of the cylindrical part, the selection of each process and tool parameters ensures the stress balance and the stable deformation as a first principle; during offset spinning, factors such as machining hardening and the like are fully considered, under the same process and tool parameters, the resilience of the second spinning wheel is slightly larger than that of the first spinning wheel, and the selection of the radius of the fillet of the spinning wheel needs to ensure the stable metal deformation of the thin-wall cylindrical part during offset spinning forming of the two spinning wheels, so that the product quality is improved; the numerical simulation result of the computer can make a preliminary quantitative judgment on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning roller when the two spinning rollers are spinning, but because the numerical simulation needs to fully consider the setting of spinning process parameters such as spinning temperature, cylindrical part material, cylindrical part diameter, initial wall thickness of spinning blank, number and structure parameters of the spinning rollers, spinning core mold parameters, rigidity of the spinning machine, cooling mode and cooling speed, the rotating speed of the spindle of the spinning machine, feeding speed of the spinning rollers, spinning gap, offset of the spinning rollers and the like, and most of the parameters are set to be in ideal states, for example, the spinning mold and the spinning roller are mostly set to be in ideal rigid bodies, metal materials are mostly set to be in ideal elastoplastic bodies, deformation temperature is generally set to be unchanged fixed temperature during normal temperature spinning, the rigidity of the spinning machine and the rebound of the spinning roller are generally not involved, because the numerical simulation always cannot fully consider the phenomena of various influencing factors and, the method has the advantages that the model building process is complex, the calculated amount is large, time and labor are wasted, the requirement on the professional ability of process technicians is high, and the method does not have the practicability of rapidness and convenience, the fillet radius of the inner spinning wheel and the outer spinning wheel of the thin-wall cylindrical part obtained through calculation is often required to be further adjusted and corrected according to the multiple trial spinning processing results, the replacement of the spinning wheels is time and labor consuming, the labor intensity is high, and the method does not have the practical guidance and popularization significance of production. According to the invention, by setting a plurality of influence factor parameters, quantitative analysis is carried out on a plurality of key factors such as the diameter of the cylindrical part with the fillet radius of each spinning wheel, the wall thickness of a spinning blank and the like when the spinning of the two spinning wheels of the thin-wall cylindrical part is influenced, and quantitative analysis is carried out on the determination principle of the fillet radius of each spinning wheel of the thin-wall cylindrical part, so that the fillet radius of each spinning wheel is determined when the final spinning of the two spinning wheels of the thin-wall cylindrical part is carried out, and the production and processing of the strong spinning of the thin-.
2. When the fillet radius of the spinning wheel is determined, the calculation method fully considers the influence rule of the resilience of materials and equipment, the diameter of the cylindrical part, the initial wall thickness of a spinning blank, the pass reduction amount, the rigidity of a spinning machine, the number of the spinning wheels, the parameters of a spinning core mold, the cooling mode and the flow of cooling liquid on the spinning forming precision of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, is consistent with the actual production and has better applicability. When the traditional cylindrical part is formed by powerful spinning, under the conditions that the pass wall thickness reduction is certain and the metal deformation is sufficient, the diameter of the cylindrical part is smaller, the plastic deformation stress strain state is more complex, the metal close to the inner layer can generate the phenomenon of staggered layer cracking due to the support and the constraint of a spinning core mold and the flowing difficulty caused by larger curvature, the plastic forming quality of the cylindrical part is poorer, and when the diameter of the cylindrical part is 200mm, the wall thickness forming precision of the cylindrical part in the prior art can reach +/-0.10 mm; the larger the diameter of the cylindrical part is, the closer the plastic deformation of the cylindrical part is to the plane stress strain state of plate rolling, the better the plastic forming effect is, and when the diameter of the cylindrical part is 2000mm, the wall thickness forming precision of the cylindrical part in the prior art is +/-0.10 mm. Therefore, the constant K is adopted1To characterize the influence factor of the fillet radius of each spinning wheel when the diameter D of the spinning cylinder part spins the two spinning wheels, when the diameter of the spinning cylinder part with the two spinning wheels is less than or equal to 2000mm, the constant K10 to 0.02; increases with increasing spinning blank diameter D; according to theoretical calculation, numerical simulation analysis and the analysis of the detection data of the spinning test of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, the value of the influence factor is increased by 0.001 when the diameter of the spinning cylindrical part is increased by 100mm, and the wall thickness forming precision of the spinning cylindrical part of the pair wheel processed by the fillet radius of each spinning wheel is +/-0.05 mm when the two spinning wheels determined by the method are used for spinning.
The initial wall thickness of the spinning blank of the cylindrical part determines the formulation of the whole spinning process scheme flow and the selection of process parameters of each pass, and is an important index for ensuring the precision requirement of the cylindrical part product. When the initial wall thickness of the spinning blank of the cylindrical part is thicker, the spinning blank is short and thick, and the utilization rate of raw materials is higherThe production cost is effectively reduced, but the corresponding number of spinning passes and the number of intermediate heat treatment times need to be increased, the production cost is increased, meanwhile, the increase of the thickness of a spinning blank meets the requirement of spinning pressure of a spinning machine, and for the ultrahigh-strength steel 31Si2MnCrMoVE, the wall thickness of the spinning blank is increased by 5mm every time, and the spinning pressure is increased by 10 tons; for the spinning forming of the cylindrical part, the initial wall thickness of a spinning blank is an important reference for determining the fillet radius of each spinning wheel, the selection of the fillet radius of each spinning wheel ensures that the spinning blank is completely pressed and fully deformed, the defects of accumulation, bulging and the like cannot occur due to overlarge spinning blank, the defects of tension fracture and the like due to undersize spinning blank cannot occur, the wall thickness deviation of the cylindrical part is large, and the shape and position accuracy of the roundness, straightness and the like of the cylindrical part is poor; for the spinning forming process of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, a constant K is adopted2To characterize the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank of the cylindrical part0When two spinning rollers are spun, the influence factor of the fillet radius of each spinning roller is taken as an example of the ultrahigh-strength steel 31Si2MnCrMoVE, and when the diameter of a spinning cylindrical part of the spinning roller is less than or equal to 2000mm and the initial wall thickness of a spinning blank is 10-30 mm, the influence factor K is2Taking 0.1-0.3, and spinning the initial wall thickness t of the blank0Is increased with an increase in; according to theoretical calculation, numerical simulation analysis and the analysis of the detection data of the spinning test of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank of the cylindrical part is obtained by spinning the cylindrical part in the opposite spinning mode0The value of the influence factor is increased by 0.1 every time the radius is increased by 10mm, and the wall thickness forming precision of the pair-wheel spinning cylindrical part processed by the fillet radius of each spinning wheel can reach +/-0.05 mm when the two spinning wheels determined by the method are used for spinning.
The pass wall thickness reduction of the cylindrical part is an important index for ensuring the precision requirement of the cylindrical part product. When the pass reduction of the cylindrical part is large, the production efficiency is high, but the requirements on performance indexes such as spinning pressure and rigidity of a spinning machine are high, and for the ultrahigh-strength steel 31Si2MnCrMoVE, the large pass reduction of the cylindrical part needs the corresponding large fillet radius of each spinning wheel, and the selection of the fillet radius of each spinning wheel ensures that the spinning blank can be completely pressed through and deformed fully under the pass reduction, and the defects of accumulation, bulging and the like cannot be caused by overlarge pass reduction; for the spinning forming process of the cylindrical part by the pair of wheels, a constant is adoptedK3Representing the influence factor of the fillet radius of each spinning wheel when the pass reduction delta t of the cylindrical part is applied to the spinning of the two spinning wheels, taking the ultrahigh-strength steel 31Si2MnCrMoVE as an example, when the diameter of the spinning cylindrical part is less than or equal to 2000mm and the pass reduction of the spinning is 0-15 mm, the influence factor K is applied30.5 to 1.5, and the initial wall thickness t of the blank is spun0Is increased with an increase in; the value of this influence factor increases by 0.1 for every 1mm increase in the spinning pass reduction Δ t of the spinning cylinder. When the two spinning wheels determined by the invention are used for spinning, the wall thickness forming precision of the spinning cylindrical part of the paired wheels processed by the fillet radius of each spinning wheel can reach +/-0.05 mm.
When the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part are spun and formed, the types and the strength of metal materials, the rigidity of a spinning machine, parameters of a spinning core mold, a cooling mode, the flow rate of cooling liquid and other factors are another important influence factor of the fillet radius of each spinning wheel when the two spinning wheels are spun; for the spinning forming process of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, the factors interact with each other and comprehensively influence the spinning forming precision of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part, so the constant K is adopted3Representing the influence factors of the type and the strength of the metal material, the rigidity of the spinning machine, the number and the structural parameters of the spinning wheels, the parameters of the spinning core mold, the cooling mode and the cooling speed on the fillet radius of each spinning wheel when the two spinning wheels are spun. The influencing factor K3Decreasing with increasing spinning machine and its rigidity, decreasing with increasing spinning wheel springback, decreasing with increasing spinning material and its strength, increasing with increasing pass reduction; influencing factor K3Is-1 to 1.
When the two-spinning-wheel offset spinning forming process is adopted, the basic characteristics of a traditional cylinder strong spinning forming mode need to be considered, under the condition that the total pass reduction is constant, the matching of the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the fillet radius of the second spinning wheel also needs to be comprehensively considered, for example, the first spinning wheel is cogging spinning, the reduction is slightly greater than that of the second spinning wheel, the stress balance and the deformation stability of the metal in the deformation area are the most critical factors influencing the cylinder forming precision, and the matching of the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the fillet radius of the second spinning wheel ensures that the stress balance and the stable deformation are the first original factorsThen; due to the existence of material work hardening, the fillet radius of the first rotary wheel needs to be slightly larger than that of the second rotary wheel to balance the unstable stress condition. When the diameter of a cylindrical part product processed by the spinning method of the two spinning wheels is less than or equal to 2000mm, the influence factor K of the offset processing mode on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel0(ii) a Influencing factor K01.0 to 1.2. When synchronous spinning is adopted, K0The value is 1, and the fillet radii of the two spinning wheels are the same. The invention fully considers the stress balance problem when the two spinning wheels spin, and when the determined two spinning wheels spin, the forming precision of the wall thickness of the ultrahigh strength steel 31Si2MnCrMoVE processed by the fillet radius of each spinning wheel to the spinning cylindrical part can reach +/-0.05 mm.
3. Through simple input and calculation of parameters, the fillet radius parameters of the spinning wheels in the processes of synchronous spinning and staggered spinning of the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part can be obtained. The operation is simple, fast and convenient, and the efficiency is improved by more than 70% compared with the original efficiency. When the method of the invention is used for simply and quickly determining the radius of the fillet of each spinning wheel when the two spinning wheels of the cylindrical part with a certain diameter range and the initial thickness of the spinning blank are spun, the radius parameter of the fillet of each spinning wheel can be corrected by combining simple trial spinning processing, so that reasonable parameters meeting the requirements of product design and spinning process control indexes of the two spinning wheel spinning cylindrical part can be obtained, the number of trial spinning times is reduced by 3-5, the efficiency is improved by more than 70%, and the labor intensity is reduced by more than 60% due to the reduction of the number of replacing spinning wheels.
4. The radius precision of the rotary wheel obtained according to the invention reaches 1mm level, and the rotary wheel basically covers the higher precision and the larger range which can be achieved by a factory stock rotary wheel tool, and has stronger precision and higher stability. The wall thickness precision of the spinning cylindrical part with the two spinning wheels processed by parameters obtained by empirical parameter selection and numerical simulation calculation of the traditional power spinning process reaches +/-0.10 mm level, the diameter precision reaches +/-0.30 mm level, and the spinning cylindrical part with the two spinning wheels has higher processing precision and stability.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is a method for determining the fillet radius of a spinning roller of two spinning rollers when the spinning roller of two spinning rollers forms a cylindrical part. The cylindrical part is made of ultrahigh-strength steel 31Si2 MnCrMoVE.
The diameter D of the cylindrical part is 1000mm, the initial wall thickness of the spinning blank is 10mm, the pass thinning amount is 5mm, the thinning amount of the first spinning wheel is 2.6mm, the thinning amount of the second spinning wheel is 2.4mm, the offset amount is 8mm, and the forming process of reverse spinning with two spinning wheels and offset is adopted.
The specific process of this embodiment is:
first, determining the influence factors of the radius of the rotary wheel.
The spinning wheel includes a first spinning wheel fillet radius and a second spinning wheel fillet radius.
The determined influence factors of the fillet radius of the spinning wheel comprise the diameter D of the cylindrical part and the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank0Pass thinning amount, type and strength of metal materials, rigidity of a spinning machine, structural parameters of a spinning wheel, parameters of a spinning core mold, a cooling mode and a cooling speed.
In this embodiment: the inner diameter D of the cylindrical part is 1000 mm; initial wall thickness t of spinning blank010 mm; the pass reduction of the first rotating wheel is 2.6mm, and the pass reduction of the second rotating wheel is 2.4 mm; the cylindrical part is made of ultrahigh-strength steel 31Si2MnCrMoVE, the annealing-state hardness of the ultrahigh-strength steel 31Si2MnCrMoVE is less than or equal to HB220, the quenched and tempered tensile strength is more than or equal to 1620MPa, and the heat treatment state of the ultrahigh-strength steel 31Si2MnCrMoVE adopted in the embodiment is an annealing state; adopting a horizontal powerful spinning machine, wherein the maximum rigid rebound of the horizontal paired wheel powerful spinning machine is 0.8 mm; the number of the rotary wheels is 2; the diameter of the spinning core mold is 999.7 mm; the cooling mode is water cooling; the flow rate of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to 240L/min.
And secondly, determining values of all constants.
Determining the value of each constant comprises:
i influence factor K of spinning blank D on fillet radius of spinning wheel1。
The influence factor K1Is a constant term. The influencing factor K1And when the diameter of the cylindrical part is less than or equal to 2000mm, taking the value of 0-0.02, increasing the diameter of the spinning blank along with the increase of the diameter D of the spinning cylindrical part, and increasing the value of the influence factor by 0.001 when the diameter of the spinning cylindrical part is increased by 100 mm. In this embodiment, the influence factor K1Take 0.01.
II spinning blank initial spinning wall thickness t0Influence factor K of radius of opposite-rotating wheel fillet2。
By a constant K2To characterize the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank of the cylindrical part0And during spinning, the influence factors of the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel. The influencing factor K2When the diameter of the spinning cylindrical part with the two spinning wheels is less than or equal to 2000mm and the initial wall thickness of the spinning blank is 10-30 mm, the thickness is 0.1-0.3, and the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank is obtained along with the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank0Is increased with an increase in; initial wall thickness t of spinning blank of spinning cylindrical part0For every 10mm increase, the influencing factor K2The value of (a) increases by 0.1. Influencing factor K in the present example2Take 0.1.
III influence factor K of spinning pass reduction delta t on radius of fillet of spinning wheel3。
By using a constant K3And characterizing the influence factor of the pass reduction quantity delta t of the cylindrical part on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the fillet radius of the second spinning wheel during spinning of the two spinning wheels. The influence factor is 0.5-1.5 when the diameter of the spinning cylindrical part is less than or equal to 2000mm and the spinning pass thinning amount is within the range of 0-15 mm, and the thickness t of the initial wall of the spinning blank is increased along with the spinning0Is increased with an increase in; the influence factor K is obtained when the reduction delta t of the spinning pass of the spinning cylindrical part is increased by 1mm3The value of (a) increases by 0.1. Influencing factor K in the present example3Take 0.5.
IV, influence factors K of the type and the strength of the metal material, the rigidity of the spinning machine, the number and the structural parameters of the spinning wheels, the parameters of the spinning core mold, the cooling mode and the cooling speed on the fillet radius of the spinning wheels4。
By using a constant K4And characterizing influence factors of the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the fillet radius of the second spinning wheel during spinning of the two spinning wheels.
Influencing factor K4Decreasing with increasing spinning machine and its rigidity, decreasing with increasing spinning wheel springback, decreasing with increasing spinning material and its strength, increasing with increasing pass reduction; taking-1 to-1. Influencing factor K in the present example4Take 0.
V when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning,influence factor K of offset processing mode on fillet radius of first rotating wheel0。
Said K0Is a constant term. When the diameter of the cylindrical part processed by the spinning method of the two spinning wheels is less than or equal to 2000mm, the influence factor K0Taking 1.0-1.2. Influence factor K when synchronous spinning is adopted01, the fillet radii of the two rotary wheels are the same; in this embodiment, the two spinning wheels are offset spinning, the influence factor K0Take 1.2.
And step two, calculating the fillet radius of each spinning wheel:
R＝K1D+×K2t0+K3Δt+K4 (1)
R1＝K0R (2)
R2＝R (3)
in formulas (1) to (3):
r is the radius of a circular bead of the spinning wheel when the two spinning wheels synchronously spin;
K1the influence factor of the spinning blank D on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel is shown;
d is the diameter of the spinning blank;
K2for spinning the blank to a wall thickness t0Influence factors on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel;
delta t is the flow forming pass thinning amount;
K3influence factors of the spinning pass thinning quantity delta t on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel;
K4the factors of the impact of the rigidity of the spinning machine, the resilience quantity of the spinning rollers, the type and the strength of spinning materials, the parameters of a spinning core mold, a cooling mode and the flow of cooling liquid on the fillet radius of the spinning rollers during the spinning of the two spinning rollers are included;
R1when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the radius of a fillet of the first spinning wheel is equal to the radius of the fillet of the second spinning wheel;
K0when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the influence factor of the staggered processing mode on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel is generally 1.0-1.2; and the thinning amount delta is reduced along with the spinning passt increases with increasing t; when in synchronous spinning, the two spinning wheels have the same structure, and the parameter is 1.0;
R2when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the radius of a fillet of the second spinning wheel is equal to the radius of the fillet of the second spinning wheel;
in the present embodiment, the first and second electrodes are,
R＝K1D+×K2t0+K3Δt+K4＝0.01×1000+0.1×10+0.5×5+0＝13.5 (1)
R1＝K0R＝1.2×12.5＝15 (2)
R2＝R＝13.5
determining the fillet radius R of the first rotary wheel by formulas (1) - (3) when the two-rotary-wheel staggered-distance spinning forming process scheme is adopted1Taking the fillet radius R of a second rotary wheel of 15mm2Take 13.5 mm.
The fillet radius of the two spinning wheels determined by the method is adopted to process spinning test pieces, the wall thickness precision of the processed spinning cylindrical piece reaches +/-0.05 mm level, and the wall thickness is 5.03 mm-5.07 mm; the diameter precision reaches the grade of +/-0.15 mm, and the diameter is 1000.12 mm-1000.36 mm.
Claims (6)
1. A method for determining the fillet radius of a spinning roller of a two-spinning roller of a cylindrical part is characterized by comprising the following specific processes:
firstly, determining influence factors of the fillet radius of the spinning wheel:
comprises a first spinning wheel fillet radius and a second spinning wheel fillet radius;
the determined influence factors of the fillet radius of the spinning wheel comprise the diameter D of the cylindrical part and the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank0Pass thinning amount, type and strength of metal materials, rigidity of a spinning machine, structural parameters of a spinning wheel, parameters of a spinning core mold, a cooling mode and a cooling speed;
secondly, determining the values of all constants:
determining the value of each constant comprises:
i influence factor K of spinning blank D on fillet radius of spinning wheel1；
The influence factor K1Is a constant term; the influencing factor K1When the diameter of the cylindrical part is less than or equal to 2000mm, taking the cylindrical part as 0-0.02, and increasing the diameter of the spinning blank along with the increase of the diameter D of the spinning blank; and the influence factor K is given for every 100mm increase in the diameter of the spinning cylinder1The value of (a) increases by 0.001;
II spinning blank initial spinning wall thickness t0Influence factor K of radius of opposite-rotating wheel fillet2；
By a constant K2To characterize the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank of the cylindrical part0Influence factors of the fillet radii of the first spinning wheel and the second spinning wheel during spinning; the influencing factor K2When the diameter of the spinning cylindrical part with the two spinning wheels is less than or equal to 2000mm and the initial wall thickness of the spinning blank is 10-30 mm, the thickness is 0.1-0.3, and the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank is obtained along with the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank0Is increased with an increase in; initial wall thickness t of spinning blank of spinning cylindrical part0For every 10mm increase, the influencing factor K2The value of (a) increases by 0.1;
III influence factor K of spinning pass reduction delta t on radius of fillet of spinning wheel3；
By using a constant K3Representing an influence factor of the pass reduction quantity delta t of the cylindrical part on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the fillet radius of the second spinning wheel during spinning of the two spinning wheels; the influencing factor K3When the diameter of the spinning cylindrical part is less than or equal to 2000mm and the spinning pass thinning amount is 0-15 mm, the thickness is 0.5-1.5, and the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank is taken along with0Is increased with an increase in;
the influence factor K is obtained when the reduction delta t of the spinning pass of the spinning cylindrical part is increased by 1mm3The value of (a) increases by 0.1;
IV, influence factors K of the type and the strength of the metal material, the rigidity of the spinning machine, the number and the structural parameters of the spinning wheels, the parameters of the spinning core mold, the cooling mode and the cooling speed on the fillet radius of the spinning wheels4；
By using a constant K4Representing influence factors of the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel and the fillet radius of the second spinning wheel during spinning of the two spinning wheels; influencing factor K4Decreasing with increasing spinning machine and its stiffness, decreasing with increasing spinning wheel springback, decreasing with increasing spinning material and its strength, increasing with increasing pass reductionAdding; taking-1 to-1;
v when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the influence factor K of the staggered processing mode on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel0；
Said K0Is a constant term; when the diameter of the cylindrical part processed by the spinning method of the two spinning wheels is less than or equal to 2000mm, the influence factor K0Taking 1.0-1.2; influence factor K when synchronous spinning is adopted01, the fillet radii of the two rotary wheels are the same;
and step two, calculating the fillet radius of each spinning wheel:
R＝K1D+×K2t0+K3Δt+K4 (1)
R1＝K0R (2)
R2＝R (3)
in formulas (1) to (3):
r is the radius of a circular bead of the spinning wheel when the two spinning wheels synchronously spin;
K1the influence factor of the spinning blank D on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel is shown;
d is the diameter of the spinning blank;
K2for spinning the blank to a wall thickness t0Influence factors on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel;
delta t is the flow forming pass thinning amount;
K3influence factors of the spinning pass thinning quantity delta t on the radius of the circular bead of the spinning wheel;
K4the factors of the impact of the rigidity of the spinning machine, the resilience quantity of the spinning rollers, the type and the strength of spinning materials, the parameters of a spinning core mold, a cooling mode and the flow of cooling liquid on the fillet radius of the spinning rollers during the spinning of the two spinning rollers are included;
R1when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the radius of a fillet of the first spinning wheel is equal to the radius of the fillet of the second spinning wheel;
K0the influence factor of the offset processing mode on the fillet radius of the first spinning wheel is obtained when the two spinning wheels are in offset spinning;
R2when the two spinning wheels are in staggered spinning, the radius of a fillet of the second spinning wheel is equal to the radius of the fillet of the second spinning wheel;
first one isRadius of radius R of rotary wheel1Taking the fillet radius R of a second rotary wheel of 15mm2Take 13.5 mm.
2. A method of determining the radius of a spinning roller on a two-roller spinning roller of a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein the first step determines a pass reduction of 2.6mm and the second step determines a pass reduction of 2.4 mm; the cooling mode is water cooling; the flow rate of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to 240L/min.
3. The method of determining the radius of a spinning roller for spinning a cylindrical member of claim 1 wherein said factor K affects every 100mm increase in diameter of the spinning cylindrical member1The value of (a) increases by 0.001.
4. The method of claim 1 for determining the fillet radius of a spinning roller of a cylindrical member, wherein the initial wall thickness t of the spinning blank of the spinning cylindrical member is0For every 10mm increase, the influencing factor K2The value of (a) increases by 0.1.
5. The method of determining the fillet radius of a spinning roller of a two-roller spinning cylinder of claim 1, wherein said factor K affects each 1mm increase in the reduction Δ t of the spinning pass of the spinning cylinder3The value of (a) increases by 0.1.
6. The method of claim 1 for determining the fillet radius of a spinning roller of a two-spinning roller of a tubular member, wherein the fillet radius R of the first spinning roller is R115mm, fillet radius R of the second rotary wheel2Is 13.5 mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113770223A (en) * | 2021-10-16 | 2021-12-10 | 西安航天动力机械有限公司 | Blank for integral spinning of thin-wall cylindrical part with flange joint and design method |
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