CN112715254B - Landscaping seedling cultivation method - Google Patents

Landscaping seedling cultivation method Download PDF

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CN112715254B
CN112715254B CN202011488450.1A CN202011488450A CN112715254B CN 112715254 B CN112715254 B CN 112715254B CN 202011488450 A CN202011488450 A CN 202011488450A CN 112715254 B CN112715254 B CN 112715254B
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nursery stock
soil
finished
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deionized water
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CN112715254A (en
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邹鸿
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Shanghai Changpu Construction Engineering Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating landscaping seedlings, which comprises the following steps: firstly, irrigating the periphery of a nursery stock to be transplanted by using a root protecting agent diluted by 100 times one week before transplanting, and trimming and bundling the nursery stock after the irrigation is finished; reserving soil lumps 6-8 times of the breast diameter of the nursery stock to be transplanted; secondly, digging a seedling soil ball along the edge of the reserved soil lump after one week, binding and trimming the soil ball, and firmly binding the soil ball by a straw rope in a waist hoop and grid mode; digging a planting hole according to the root system and the diameter of the seedling, disinfecting the surrounding soil by a bactericide, paving a layer of nutrient soil in the planting hole after the disinfection is finished, putting the seedling to be transplanted in, filling the planting hole with humus, covering a layer of sandy loam on the upper layer of the humus, and watering; and thirdly, after the nursery stock is transplanted, supporting the transplanted nursery stock by using a support rod, applying urea water fertilizer after the nursery stock is stable, and applying compound fertilizer once every 10 days.

Description

Landscaping seedling cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of landscaping, and particularly relates to a landscaping seedling cultivation method.
Background
Landscaping is an environment and a rest situation created by using engineering technology and artistic means through the ways of terrain modification, landscape water building, greening seedling planting, building and garden road arrangement, wherein the greening seedling can absorb carbon dioxide, emit gas, purify air, absorb harmful gas and adsorb dust, reduce pollution, adjust temperature and humidity, improve microclimate, weaken noise and the like, and the landscaping seedling mainly comprises trees, shrubs, ground covers and grass flowers.
At present, in the cultivation of landscaping seedlings, large-scale seedlings are mainly transplanted, in the transplanting process of the large-scale seedlings, required soil balls are bound after the seedlings are dug out, then the seedlings need to be lifted by a digging machine or a crane and the like, and then the seedlings are transported to corresponding places by a transport vehicle to be planted and fixed in pits. In the whole process, the problems of the reduction of the survival rate of the transplanted nursery stock basically concentrate on two aspects of hoisting transportation and planting maintenance: when the tree is lifted and transported, mechanical equipment can easily damage the tree, the branches and leaves and the root system of the nursery stock are often blown dry, and the branches and the root bark are abraded, so that the survival rate of the transplanted nursery stock is influenced; the main influencing factors during planting and maintenance include water irrigation and temperature control, which both affect the transplanting survival rate of the nursery stock.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating landscaping seedlings
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
when the landscaping nursery stocks are cultivated, trees are damaged in the transplanting process, branches and leaves and root systems of the nursery stocks are dried, and branches and roots and barks are abraded, so that the survival rate of the transplanted nursery stocks is influenced; the main influencing factors during planting and maintenance are water, which all affect the transplanting survival rate of the nursery stock.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a landscaping seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps:
one week before transplanting, irrigating the periphery of the nursery stock to be transplanted with 100 times diluted root-protecting agent in an amount of 3-5kg/m2After the irrigation is finished, pruning and bundling the nursery stock; reserving soil lumps 6-8 times of the breast diameter of the nursery stock to be transplanted;
secondly, digging a seedling soil ball along the edge of the reserved soil lump after one week, binding and trimming the soil ball, and firmly binding the soil ball by a straw rope in a waist hoop and grid mode; digging a planting hole according to the root system and the diameter of the seedling, disinfecting the surrounding soil by a bactericide, paving a layer of nutrient soil in the planting hole after the disinfection is finished, putting the seedling to be transplanted in, filling the planting hole with humus, covering a layer of sandy loam on the upper layer of the humus, watering, and watering with the water amount of 3-5kg/m2；
Thirdly, after transplanting, supporting the transplanted nursery stock by using a support rod, applying urea water fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.5 percent after the nursery stock is stable, wherein the application amount is 50 kg/mu, and then applying compound fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein N in the compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 1: 2: 1; the application amount is 6-10 kg/mu, and the application is carried out for 3-5 times.
Further, the root protecting agent is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, camphor oil, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3: 1: 100 by mass ratio; the dosage of the bactericide is 50-100g of each planting hole, and the nutrient soil is organic wormcast, sphagnum, straw residues, a water-retaining agent and sandy soil according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1-3: 0.6-1: 3, mixing and preparing; wherein the straw residue is obtained by crushing corn straw or wheat straw.
Further, the bactericide is prepared by the following steps:
step S11, adding sodium periodate and deionized water into a three-neck flask, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min, adding corn starch, adjusting the pH value to be 3-4 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and reacting for 6h, after the reaction is finished, washing the mixture to be neutral by using the deionized water, then washing the mixture for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and after the washing is finished, drying the mixture at 40 ℃ to obtain modified starch with constant weight;
step S12, adding m-aminophenol and deionized water into a three-neck flask, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min under the protection of nitrogen, stirring for 8min, adding modified starch, adjusting the pH value to be 5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, raising the temperature to 70 ℃, reacting for 30-40min, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times, and drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight after the washing is finished to obtain a solid a; the sodium periodate has a selective oxidation mechanism, can oxidize vicinal diol in a glucose ring in corn starch into dialdehyde, prepare modified starch, aldehyde group in a modified starch molecular chain reacts with amino group in m-aminophenol to generate solid a, the m-aminophenol has good water solubility and also has a hydrophobic benzene ring group, the prepared solid a is Schiff base substance, has hydrophilic and hydrophobic balance and has certain bacteriostasis;
step S13, mixing chitosan and hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6%, reacting for 6h at 70 ℃, concentrating the obtained reaction solution under reduced pressure until the volume is reduced by half, mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol in an isovolumetric manner, precipitating, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, retaining filter residues, drying at 40 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain a solid b, mixing the solid b with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, reacting for 12h at 20 ℃, adding chloroacetyl chloride at 0 ℃, continuing to react for 20h at 20 ℃, mixing with isovolumetric ethyl ether after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, and drying the obtained filter cake to the constant weight at 40 ℃ to obtain a solid c;
step S14, adding the solid c into dimethyl sulfoxide, adding the solid a, setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for reacting for 24 hours, mixing the obtained reaction liquid with acetone with the volume of 5 times, stirring, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying the obtained filter residue at 40 ℃ to constant weight, and then mixing the filter residue with deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 100 to obtain the bactericide. The chitosan is firstly oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to prepare a solid b, acetyl reacts with amino and hydroxyl in the oxidized chitosan molecule to prepare a solid c, the solid a substitutes chlorine in the solid c and is grafted into the chitosan, and the antibacterial activity of the solid a is cooperated with the activity of the chitosan to improve the antibacterial effect.
Further, in step S11, the ratio of the sodium periodate to the deionized water to the corn starch is 0.5 g: 50mL of: 10g, the dosage ratio of the intermediate aminophenol, the deionized water and the modified starch in the step S12 is 0.5 g: 30mL of: 3g of the total weight of the mixture; in the step S13, the dosage ratio of the chitosan to the hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6% is 5 g: 300 mL; the dosage ratio of the solid b, the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the chloracetyl chloride is 1.6-2 g: 100mL of: 2.2-2.4 g.
Further, the water-retaining agent is prepared by the following steps:
step A11, adding deionized water into a four-neck flask, then sequentially adding gamma-polyglutamic acid, styrene, ethylene glycol glycidyl ether and azodiisobutyronitrile, adjusting the pH value of a reaction system to 6, setting the temperature to 80 ℃ and the rotating speed to 400r/min, reacting for 3 hours, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the obtained reaction liquid, removing filtrate, washing a filter cake for 3-5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at 80-90 ℃ to constant weight after washing to obtain a component A; the component A is prepared by taking gamma-polyglutamic acid and styrene as raw materials and ethylene glycol glycidyl ether as a cross-linking agent, and the component A is obtained by the polymerization reaction of the gamma-polyglutamic acid and a monomer, so that the resin is nontoxic, tasteless, colorless and transparent, and has high water absorption and water retention;
step A12, adding acrylic acid and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50% into a four-neck flask, then adding a sodium alginate aqueous solution, setting the temperature at 25 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for 20-30min to obtain a solution d, transferring the solution d into an anti-adhesion four-neck flask, keeping the temperature and the rotating speed unchanged, sequentially adding potassium persulfate, kaolin and an acrylamide aqueous solution while stirring, continuing to stir for 10-20min after the addition is finished, then raising the temperature to 70 ℃, heating for reflux, continuing to stir for 50-60min, after the reaction is finished, performing vacuum filtration on the obtained reaction solution, keeping a filter cake, drying the filter cake at 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a component B;
step A13, wherein the component A and the component B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-5 to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Further, in the step a11, the dosage ratio of the gamma-polyglutamic acid, the styrene, the ethylene glycol glycidyl ether, the azobisisobutyronitrile and the deionized water is 1 g: 0.3-0.5 mL: 15-30 mg: 0.01 g: 35 mL; the volume ratio of acrylic acid to 50 mass percent sodium hydroxide solution in the step A12 is 1: 1; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate aqueous solution is 5-10%, the mass fraction of the acrylamide aqueous solution is 30%, and the dosage ratio of the acrylic acid, the sodium alginate aqueous solution, the potassium persulfate, the kaolin and the acrylamide aqueous solution is 10 mL: 5mL of: 0.1-0.3 g: 3 g: 3-5 mL.
The sodium alginate is a natural linear high polymer material, is rich in source, safe and nontoxic, has good biodegradability, but has larger network pore size, the sodium alginate and acrylic acid are initiated by potassium persulfate, hydrogen on a carbon atom with hydroxyl in an acrylic acid molecule is abstracted away to generate free radicals, and sodium acrylate, kaolin and sodium alginate are initiated to generate a component B, the component B is formed by graft copolymerization of acrylamide and kaolin introduced by the sodium alginate, and the component B is compounded with the component A.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the sodium periodate has a selective oxidation mechanism, can oxidize vicinal diol in a glucose ring in corn starch into dialdehyde, prepare modified starch, aldehyde group in a modified starch molecular chain reacts with amino group in m-aminophenol to generate solid a, the m-aminophenol has good water solubility and also has a hydrophobic benzene ring group, the prepared solid a is Schiff base substance, has hydrophilic and hydrophobic balance and has certain bacteriostasis; the chitosan is firstly oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to prepare a solid b, acetyl reacts with amino and hydroxyl in the oxidized chitosan molecule to prepare a solid c, the solid a substitutes chlorine in the solid c and is grafted into the chitosan, and the antibacterial activity of the solid a is cooperated with the activity of the chitosan to improve the antibacterial effect.
The component A is prepared by taking gamma-polyglutamic acid and styrene as raw materials and ethylene glycol glycidyl ether as a cross-linking agent, and the component A is obtained by the polymerization reaction of the gamma-polyglutamic acid and a monomer, so that the resin is nontoxic, tasteless, colorless and transparent, and has high water absorption and water retention; sodium alginate is a natural linear high polymer material, is rich in source, safe and nontoxic, has good biodegradability, but has larger network pore size, sodium alginate and acrylic acid are initiated by potassium persulfate, hydrogen on carbon atoms with hydroxyl in acrylic acid molecules is abstracted to generate free radicals, and sodium acrylate, kaolin and sodium alginate are initiated to generate a component B, wherein the component B is formed by graft copolymerization of acrylamide and kaolin introduced by sodium alginate, and the component B is compounded with the component A.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A landscaping seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps:
one week before transplanting, irrigating the periphery of the nursery stock to be transplanted with 100 times diluted root-protecting agent in an amount of 3kg/m2After the irrigation is finished, pruning and bundling the nursery stock; reserving soil lumps 6 times of the breast diameter of the nursery stock to be transplanted;
secondly, digging a seedling soil ball along the edge of the reserved soil lump after one week, binding and trimming the soil ball, and firmly binding the soil ball by a straw rope in a waist hoop and grid mode; digging a planting hole according to the root system and the diameter of the seedling for transplanting, disinfecting the surrounding soil by a bactericide, paving a layer of nutrient soil in the planting hole after the disinfection is finished, putting the seedling to be transplanted into the planting hole, filling the planting hole with humus, covering a layer of sandy loam on the upper layer of the humus, and watering the planting hole with the watering amount of 3kg/m2；
Thirdly, after transplanting, supporting the transplanted nursery stock by using a support rod, applying urea water fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.5 percent after the nursery stock is stable, wherein the application amount is 50 kg/mu, and then applying compound fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein N in the compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 1: 2: 1; the application amount is 6 kg/mu, and the application is carried out for 3 times.
Wherein, the root protecting agent is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, camphor oil, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3: 1: 100 by mass ratio; the dosage of the bactericide is 50g for each planting hole; the nutrient soil is organic wormcast, sphagnum, straw residues, a water-retaining agent and sandy soil according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1: 0.6: 3, mixing and preparing; wherein the straw residue is obtained by crushing corn straw or wheat straw.
Wherein, the bactericide is prepared by the following steps:
step S11, adding sodium periodate and deionized water into a three-neck flask, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min, adding corn starch, adjusting the pH value to be 3 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and reacting for 6 hours, washing the mixture to be neutral by using the deionized water after the reaction is finished, then washing the mixture for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the mixture at 40 ℃ to obtain modified starch with constant weight after the washing is finished;
step S12, adding m-aminophenol and deionized water into a three-mouth bottle, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min under the protection of nitrogen, stirring for 8min, adding modified starch, adjusting the pH value to be 5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, heating the temperature to 70 ℃, reacting for 30min, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times, and drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight after the washing is finished to obtain a solid a;
step S13, mixing chitosan and hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6%, reacting for 6h at 70 ℃, concentrating the obtained reaction solution under reduced pressure until the volume is reduced by half, mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol in an isovolumetric manner, precipitating, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, retaining filter residues, drying at 40 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain a solid b, mixing the solid b with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, reacting for 12h at 20 ℃, adding chloroacetyl chloride at 0 ℃, continuing to react for 20h at 20 ℃, mixing with isovolumetric ethyl ether after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, and drying the obtained filter cake to the constant weight at 40 ℃ to obtain a solid c;
step S14, adding the solid c into dimethyl sulfoxide, adding the solid a, setting the temperature to be 60 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 300r/min, stirring and reacting for 24 hours, mixing the obtained reaction liquid with acetone with the volume 5 times that of the reaction liquid after the reaction is finished, stirring, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying the obtained filter residue at 40 ℃ to constant weight, and then mixing the filter residue with deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 100 to obtain the bactericide.
Wherein, in the step S11, the dosage ratio of the sodium periodate to the deionized water to the corn starch is 0.5 g: 50mL of: 10g, the dosage ratio of the intermediate aminophenol, the deionized water and the modified starch in the step S12 is 0.5 g: 30mL of: 3g of the total weight of the mixture; in the step S13, the dosage ratio of the chitosan to the hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6% is 5 g: 300 mL; the dosage ratio of the solid b, the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the chloracetyl chloride is 1.6 g: 100mL of: 2.2 g.
The water-retaining agent is prepared by the following steps:
step A11, adding deionized water into a four-neck flask, then sequentially adding gamma-polyglutamic acid, styrene, ethylene glycol glycidyl ether and azodiisobutyronitrile, adjusting the pH value of a reaction system to 6, setting the temperature to 80 ℃ and the rotating speed to 400r/min, reacting for 3 hours, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the obtained reaction liquid, removing filtrate, washing a filter cake for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight after washing to obtain a component A;
step A12, adding acrylic acid and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50% into a four-neck flask, then adding a sodium alginate aqueous solution, setting the temperature at 25 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for 20min to obtain a solution d, transferring the solution d into an anti-sticking four-neck flask, keeping the temperature and the rotating speed unchanged, sequentially adding potassium persulfate, kaolin and an acrylamide aqueous solution while stirring, continuing to stir for 10min after the addition is finished, then heating and refluxing the solution at 70 ℃, continuing to stir for 50min, after the reaction is finished, performing reduced pressure suction filtration on the obtained reaction liquid, retaining a filter cake, and drying the filter cake to constant weight at 70 ℃ to obtain a component B;
step A13, wherein the component A and the component B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3 mixing to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Wherein, in the step A11, the dosage ratio of the gamma-polyglutamic acid, the styrene, the glycol glycidyl ether, the azobisisobutyronitrile and the deionized water is 1 g: 0.3 mL: 15 mg: 0.01 g: 35 mL; the volume ratio of the acrylic acid to the 50% by mass sodium hydroxide solution in the step A12 is 1: 1; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate aqueous solution is 5%, the mass fraction of the acrylamide aqueous solution is 30%, and the dosage ratio of the acrylic acid, the sodium alginate aqueous solution, the potassium persulfate, the kaolin and the acrylamide aqueous solution is 10 mL: 5mL of: 0.1 g: 3 g: 3 mL.
Example 2
A landscaping seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps:
one week before transplanting, irrigating the periphery of the nursery stock to be transplanted with 100 times diluted root-protecting agent in an amount of 4kg/m2After the irrigation is finished, pruning the nursery stock andbundling up; reserving soil lumps 7 times of the breast diameter of the nursery stock to be transplanted;
secondly, digging a seedling soil ball along the edge of the reserved soil lump after one week, binding and trimming the soil ball, and firmly binding the soil ball by a straw rope in a waist hoop and grid mode; digging a planting hole according to the root system and the diameter of the seedling for transplanting, disinfecting the surrounding soil by a bactericide, paving a layer of nutrient soil in the planting hole after the disinfection is finished, putting the seedling to be transplanted into the planting hole, filling the planting hole with humus, covering a layer of sandy loam on the upper layer of the humus, and watering the planting hole with water of 4kg/m2；
Thirdly, after transplanting, supporting the transplanted nursery stock by using a support rod, applying urea water fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.5 percent after the nursery stock is stable, wherein the application amount is 50 kg/mu, and then applying compound fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein N in the compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 1: 2: 1; the application amount is 8 kg/mu, and the application is carried out for 4 times.
Wherein, the root protecting agent is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, camphor oil, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3: 1: 100 by mass ratio; the dosage of the bactericide is 75g per planting hole; the nutrient soil is organic wormcast, sphagnum, straw residues, a water-retaining agent and sandy soil according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 2: 0.8: 3, mixing and preparing; wherein the straw residue is obtained by crushing corn straw or wheat straw.
Wherein, the bactericide is prepared by the following steps:
step S11, adding sodium periodate and deionized water into a three-neck flask, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min, adding corn starch, adjusting the pH value to be 3 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and reacting for 6 hours, after the reaction is finished, washing the mixture to be neutral by using the deionized water, then washing the mixture for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and after the washing is finished, drying the mixture at 40 ℃ to obtain modified starch with constant weight;
step S12, adding m-aminophenol and deionized water into a three-mouth bottle, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min under the protection of nitrogen, stirring for 8min, adding modified starch, adjusting the pH value to be 5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, heating the temperature to 70 ℃, reacting for 35min, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times, and drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight after the washing is finished to obtain a solid a;
step S13, mixing chitosan and hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6%, reacting for 6h at 70 ℃, concentrating the obtained reaction solution under reduced pressure until the volume is reduced by half, mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol in an isovolumetric manner, precipitating, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, retaining filter residues, drying at 40 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain a solid b, mixing the solid b with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, reacting for 12h at 20 ℃, adding chloroacetyl chloride at 0 ℃, continuing to react for 20h at 20 ℃, mixing with isovolumetric ethyl ether after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, and drying the obtained filter cake to the constant weight at 40 ℃ to obtain a solid c;
step S14, adding the solid c into dimethyl sulfoxide, adding the solid a, setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for reacting for 24 hours, mixing the obtained reaction liquid with acetone with the volume of 5 times, stirring, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying the obtained filter residue at 40 ℃ to constant weight, and then mixing the filter residue with deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 100 to obtain the bactericide.
Wherein, in the step S11, the dosage ratio of the sodium periodate to the deionized water to the corn starch is 0.5 g: 50mL of: 10g, the dosage ratio of the intermediate aminophenol, the deionized water and the modified starch in the step S12 is 0.5 g: 30mL of: 3g of the total weight of the mixture; in the step S13, the dosage ratio of the chitosan to the hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6% is 5 g: 300 mL; the dosage ratio of the solid b, the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the chloracetyl chloride is 1.8 g: 100mL of: 2.3 g.
The water-retaining agent is prepared by the following steps:
step A11, adding deionized water into a four-neck flask, then sequentially adding gamma-polyglutamic acid, styrene, ethylene glycol glycidyl ether and azodiisobutyronitrile, adjusting the pH value of a reaction system to 6, setting the temperature to 80 ℃ and the rotating speed to 400r/min, reacting for 3 hours, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the obtained reaction liquid, removing filtrate, washing a filter cake for 4 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at 85 ℃ to constant weight after washing to obtain a component A;
step A12, adding acrylic acid and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50% into a four-neck flask, then adding a sodium alginate aqueous solution, setting the temperature at 25 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for 25min to obtain a solution d, transferring the solution d into an anti-sticking four-neck flask, keeping the temperature and the rotating speed unchanged, sequentially adding potassium persulfate, kaolin and an acrylamide aqueous solution while stirring, continuing to stir for 15min after the addition is finished, then heating and refluxing the solution at 70 ℃, continuing to stir for 55min, after the reaction is finished, performing reduced pressure suction filtration on the obtained reaction liquid, retaining a filter cake, and drying the filter cake to constant weight at 70 ℃ to obtain a component B;
step A13, wherein the component A and the component B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 4 mixing to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Wherein, in the step A11, the dosage ratio of the gamma-polyglutamic acid, the styrene, the glycol glycidyl ether, the azobisisobutyronitrile and the deionized water is 1 g: 0.4 mL: 22 mg: 0.01 g: 35 mL; the volume ratio of acrylic acid to 50 mass percent sodium hydroxide solution in the step A12 is 1: 1; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate aqueous solution is 8%, the mass fraction of the acrylamide aqueous solution is 30%, and the dosage ratio of the acrylic acid, the sodium alginate aqueous solution, the potassium persulfate, the kaolin and the acrylamide aqueous solution is 10 mL: 5mL of: 0.2 g: 3 g: 4 mL.
Example 3
A landscaping seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps:
one week before transplanting, irrigating the periphery of the nursery stock to be transplanted with 100 times diluted root-protecting agent in an amount of 5kg/m2After the irrigation is finished, pruning and bundling the nursery stock; reserving soil lumps with the size 8 times of the breast diameter of the nursery stock to be transplanted;
secondly, digging a seedling soil ball along the edge of the reserved soil lump after one week, binding and trimming the soil ball, and firmly binding the soil ball by a straw rope in a waist hoop and grid mode; digging a planting hole according to the root system and the diameter of the seedling, disinfecting the surrounding soil by a bactericide, paving a layer of nutrient soil in the planting hole after the disinfection is finished, putting the seedling to be transplanted in, filling the planting hole with humus, and covering a layer of humus on the upper layer of the humusSandy loam, watering with 5kg/m of watering water2；
Thirdly, after transplanting, supporting the transplanted nursery stock by using a support rod, applying urea water fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.5 percent after the nursery stock is stable, wherein the application amount is 50 kg/mu, and then applying compound fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein N in the compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 1: 2: 1; the application amount is 10 kg/mu, and the application is carried out for 5 times in total.
Wherein, the root protecting agent is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, camphor oil, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3: 1: 100 by mass ratio; the dosage of the bactericide is 100g per planting hole; the nutrient soil is organic wormcast, sphagnum, straw residues, a water-retaining agent and sandy soil according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 3: 1: 3, mixing and preparing; wherein the straw residue is obtained by crushing corn straw or wheat straw.
Wherein, the bactericide is prepared by the following steps:
step S11, adding sodium periodate and deionized water into a three-neck flask, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min, adding corn starch, adjusting the pH value to be 4 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and reacting for 6 hours, after the reaction is finished, washing the mixture to be neutral by using the deionized water, then washing the mixture for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and after the washing is finished, drying the mixture at 40 ℃ to obtain modified starch with constant weight;
step S12, adding m-aminophenol and deionized water into a three-mouth bottle, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min under the protection of nitrogen, stirring for 8min, adding modified starch, adjusting the pH value to be 5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, heating the temperature to 70 ℃, reacting for 40min, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times, and drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight after the washing is finished to obtain a solid a;
step S13, mixing chitosan and hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6%, reacting for 6h at 70 ℃, concentrating the obtained reaction solution under reduced pressure until the volume is reduced by half, mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol in an isovolumetric manner, precipitating, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, retaining filter residues, drying at 40 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain a solid b, mixing the solid b with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, reacting for 12h at 20 ℃, adding chloroacetyl chloride at 0 ℃, continuing to react for 20h at 20 ℃, mixing with isovolumetric ethyl ether after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, and drying the obtained filter cake to the constant weight at 40 ℃ to obtain a solid c;
step S14, adding the solid c into dimethyl sulfoxide, adding the solid a, setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for reacting for 24 hours, mixing the obtained reaction liquid with acetone with the volume of 5 times, stirring, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying the obtained filter residue at 40 ℃ to constant weight, and then mixing the filter residue with deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 100 to obtain the bactericide.
Wherein, in the step S11, the dosage ratio of the sodium periodate to the deionized water to the corn starch is 0.5 g: 50mL of: 10g, the dosage ratio of the intermediate aminophenol, the deionized water and the modified starch in the step S12 is 0.5 g: 30mL of: 3g of the total weight of the mixture; in the step S13, the dosage ratio of the chitosan to the hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6% is 5 g: 300 mL; the dosage ratio of the solid b, the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the chloracetyl chloride is 2 g: 100mL of: 2.4 g.
The water-retaining agent is prepared by the following steps:
step A11, adding deionized water into a four-neck flask, then sequentially adding gamma-polyglutamic acid, styrene, ethylene glycol glycidyl ether and azodiisobutyronitrile, adjusting the pH value of a reaction system to 6, setting the temperature to 80 ℃ and the rotating speed to 400r/min, reacting for 3 hours, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the obtained reaction liquid, removing filtrate, washing a filter cake for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at 90 ℃ to constant weight after washing to obtain a component A;
step A12, adding acrylic acid and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50% into a four-neck flask, then adding a sodium alginate aqueous solution, setting the temperature at 25 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for 30min to obtain a solution d, transferring the solution d into an anti-sticking four-neck flask, keeping the temperature and the rotating speed unchanged, sequentially adding potassium persulfate, kaolin and an acrylamide aqueous solution while stirring, continuing to stir for 20min after the addition is finished, then heating and refluxing the solution at 70 ℃, continuing to stir for 60min, after the reaction is finished, performing reduced pressure suction filtration on the obtained reaction liquid, retaining a filter cake, and drying the filter cake to constant weight at 70 ℃ to obtain a component B;
step A13, wherein the component A and the component B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 mixing to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Wherein, in the step A11, the dosage ratio of the gamma-polyglutamic acid, the styrene, the glycol glycidyl ether, the azobisisobutyronitrile and the deionized water is 1 g: 0.5 mL: 30 mg: 0.01 g: 35 mL; the volume ratio of the acrylic acid to the 50% by mass sodium hydroxide solution in the step A12 is 1: 1; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate aqueous solution is 10%, the mass fraction of the acrylamide aqueous solution is 30%, and the dosage ratio of the acrylic acid, the sodium alginate aqueous solution, the potassium persulfate, the kaolin and the acrylamide aqueous solution is 10 mL: 5mL of: 0.3 g: 3 g: 5 mL.
Comparative example 1
The bactericide in example 1 was not used, and the remaining operations and raw materials were not changed.
Comparative example 2
The water-retaining agent of example 1 was not used, and the remaining operations and raw materials were unchanged.
The results of statistics on the survival of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Item Half year survival rate% The survival rate per year% Percent survival rate in two years
Example 1 100 100 99
Example 2 100 99 99
Example 3 100 98 98
Comparative example 1 73 68 68
Comparative example 2 65 61 53
As can be seen from table 1 above, the survival rate of the seedlings cultivated by the method for cultivating landscaping seedlings of embodiments 1-3 is higher than 98%, and the survival rate is high.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A landscaping seedling cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
one week before transplanting, irrigating the periphery of the nursery stock to be transplanted with 100 times diluted root-protecting agent in an amount of 3-5kg/m2After the irrigation is finished, pruning and bundling the nursery stock; reserving soil lumps 6-8 times of the breast diameter of the nursery stock to be transplanted;
secondly, digging a seedling soil ball along the edge of the reserved soil lump after one week, binding and trimming the soil ball, and firmly binding the soil ball by a straw rope in a waist hoop and grid mode; digging a planting hole according to the root system and the diameter of the seedling, disinfecting the surrounding soil by a bactericide, paving a layer of nutrient soil in the planting hole after the disinfection is finished, putting the seedling to be transplanted in, filling the planting hole with humus, covering a layer of sandy loam on the upper layer of the humus, watering, and watering with the water amount of 3-5kg/m2；
Thirdly, after transplanting, supporting the transplanted nursery stock by using a support rod, applying urea water fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.5 percent after the nursery stock is stable, wherein the application amount is 50 kg/mu, and then applying compound fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein N in the compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 1: 2: 1; the application amount is 6-10 kg/mu, and the application is carried out for 3-5 times;
the nutrient soil is organic wormcast, sphagnum, straw residues, a water-retaining agent and sandy soil according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1-3: 0.6-1: 3, mixing and preparing; wherein the straw residue is obtained by crushing corn straw or wheat straw; the water-retaining agent is prepared by the following steps:
step A11, adding deionized water into a four-neck flask, then sequentially adding gamma-polyglutamic acid, styrene, ethylene glycol glycidyl ether and azodiisobutyronitrile, adjusting the pH value of a reaction system to 6, setting the temperature to 80 ℃ and the rotating speed to 400r/min, reacting for 3 hours, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the obtained reaction liquid, removing filtrate, washing a filter cake for 3-5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at 80-90 ℃ to constant weight after washing to obtain a component A;
step A12, adding acrylic acid and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50% into a four-neck flask, then adding a sodium alginate aqueous solution, setting the temperature at 25 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for 20-30min to obtain a solution d, transferring the solution d into an anti-adhesion four-neck flask, keeping the temperature and the rotating speed unchanged, sequentially adding potassium persulfate, kaolin and an acrylamide aqueous solution while stirring, continuing to stir for 10-20min after the addition is finished, then raising the temperature to 70 ℃, heating for reflux, continuing to stir for 50-60min, after the reaction is finished, performing vacuum filtration on the obtained reaction solution, keeping a filter cake, drying the filter cake at 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a component B;
step A13, wherein the component A and the component B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-5 to obtain the water-retaining agent.
2. The nursery stock cultivating method for garden greening according to claim 1, wherein the root protecting agent is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, camphor oil, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and deionized water according to a ratio of 1: 3: 1: 100 by mass ratio; the dosage of the bactericide is 50-100g per planting hole.
3. The method for cultivating seedlings for landscaping according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide is prepared by the steps of:
step S11, adding sodium periodate and deionized water into a three-neck flask, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min, adding corn starch, adjusting the pH value to be 3-4 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and reacting for 6h, after the reaction is finished, washing the mixture to be neutral by using the deionized water, then washing the mixture for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and after the washing is finished, drying the mixture at 40 ℃ to obtain modified starch with constant weight;
step S12, adding m-aminophenol and deionized water into a three-neck flask, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 400r/min under the protection of nitrogen, stirring for 8min, adding modified starch, adjusting the pH value to be 5 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, raising the temperature to 70 ℃, reacting for 30-40min, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times, and drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight after the washing is finished to obtain a solid a;
step S13, mixing chitosan and hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6%, reacting for 6h at 70 ℃, concentrating the obtained reaction solution under reduced pressure until the volume is reduced by half, mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol in an isovolumetric manner, precipitating, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, retaining filter residues, drying at 40 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain a solid b, mixing the solid b with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, reacting for 12h at 20 ℃, adding chloroacetyl chloride at 0 ℃, continuing to react for 20h at 20 ℃, mixing with isovolumetric ethyl ether after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration, and drying the obtained filter cake to the constant weight at 40 ℃ to obtain a solid c;
step S14, adding the solid c into dimethyl sulfoxide, adding the solid a, setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and the rotating speed at 300r/min, stirring for reacting for 24 hours, mixing the obtained reaction liquid with acetone with the volume of 5 times, stirring, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying the obtained filter residue at 40 ℃ to constant weight, and then mixing the filter residue with deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 100 to obtain the bactericide.
4. The nursery stock cultivating method for landscaping as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio of the sodium periodate, the deionized water and the corn starch in step S11 is 0.5 g: 50mL of: 10g, the dosage ratio of the intermediate aminophenol, the deionized water and the modified starch in the step S12 is 0.5 g: 30mL of: 3g of the total weight of the mixture; in the step S13, the dosage ratio of the chitosan to the hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6% is 5 g: 300 mL; the dosage ratio of the solid b, the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the chloracetyl chloride is 1.6-2 g: 100mL of: 2.2-2.4 g.
5. The nursery stock cultivating method for garden greening according to claim 1, wherein the dosage ratio of the gamma-polyglutamic acid, the styrene, the ethylene glycol glycidyl ether, the azobisisobutyronitrile and the deionized water in the step A11 is 1 g: 0.3-0.5 mL: 15-30 mg: 0.01 g: 35 mL; the volume ratio of acrylic acid to 50 mass percent sodium hydroxide solution in the step A12 is 1: 1; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate aqueous solution is 5-10%, the mass fraction of the acrylamide aqueous solution is 30%, and the dosage ratio of the acrylic acid, the sodium alginate aqueous solution, the potassium persulfate, the kaolin and the acrylamide aqueous solution is 10 mL: 5mL of: 0.1-0.3 g: 3 g: 3-5 mL.
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