CN112713289B - Fuel cell control method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents

Fuel cell control method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112713289B
CN112713289B CN202011564111.7A CN202011564111A CN112713289B CN 112713289 B CN112713289 B CN 112713289B CN 202011564111 A CN202011564111 A CN 202011564111A CN 112713289 B CN112713289 B CN 112713289B
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cell voltage
voltage
value
threshold value
fuel cell
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CN112713289A (en
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郝志强
赵洪辉
丁天威
黄兴
赵子亮
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FAW Group Corp
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FAW Group Corp
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/133087 priority patent/WO2022135016A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell control method, a device, equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: in the cold starting process, acquiring the single voltage of the fuel cell; determining a minimum cell voltage and a cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell; and determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and carrying out loading operation according to the operation voltage value. By the technical scheme of the invention, when the fuel cell is heated by self-heat generation of the fuel cell, the consistency of the single voltage of the fuel cell and the phenomenon of reversal are considered, and a large amount of heat energy is generated under the condition that the fuel cell does not have reversal, so that the fuel cell realizes quick cold start and the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced.

Description

Fuel cell control method, device, equipment and storage medium
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a fuel cell control method, a fuel cell control device, fuel cell control equipment and a storage medium.
Background
The new energy automobile has become a major direction of automobile development in the future with its concepts of energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency, and the fuel cell has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, low environmental pollution, high specific energy, low noise, high reliability and the like, and has recently been paid attention to in the industry. A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that converts chemical energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy with high efficiency and without pollution. Water is generated in the power generation process of the fuel cell, and in a subzero low-temperature environment, the generated water is frozen in the fuel cell, so that a gas reaction medium of a cathode and an anode is prevented from reaching a catalytic layer to react, and even irreversible performance degradation of the fuel cell is caused seriously. Improper repeated freeze-thaw cycles inside the fuel cell can cause damage to the structure and performance of the fuel cell assembly, ultimately resulting in physical deformation or breakdown. However, low temperature start at 0 ℃ or below is an important operating condition that cannot be avoided by fuel cell vehicles. Therefore, the research on the cold start control method of the fuel cell has important significance.
At present, a cold start mode combining shutdown purging and startup temperature rise is mostly adopted, namely on the basis of shutdown purging, the temperature rise and ice melting speed of the fuel cell is higher than the icing speed of the fuel cell when the cell is started, so that cold start is realized. The starting and warming mainly comprises an external preheating mode and an internal warming mode, the external preheating mode mainly utilizes the PTC electric heater to heat the fuel cell when the cooling loop is heated, and the internal warming mainly utilizes the self-generated heat of the fuel cell to warm the fuel cell. However, in the prior art, when the fuel cell is heated by self-heat generation of the fuel cell, the consistency of the single voltage of the fuel cell and the phenomenon of reversal are not considered, so that the service life of the fuel cell is short.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel cell control method, apparatus, device, and storage medium, so as to implement a rapid cold start of a fuel cell and reduce the loss of the life of the fuel cell by considering the uniformity of the cell voltage and the phenomenon of reverse polarity of the fuel cell when the fuel cell is heated by self-generated heat.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell control method, including:
in the cold starting process, acquiring the single voltage of the fuel cell;
determining a minimum cell voltage and a cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell;
and determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and carrying out loading operation according to the operation voltage value.
Further, determining an operating voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and performing a loading operation according to the operating voltage value, including:
when the PTC heating is started, if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is smaller than a first temperature threshold value, loading operation is carried out according to a first set voltage;
if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value, keeping the first set voltage for loading operation;
if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation;
and if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries.
Further, determining an operating voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and loading according to the operating voltage value, including:
if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, carrying out loading operation according to a second set voltage;
if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to a second set voltage;
if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation;
and if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries.
Further, determining an operating voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and loading according to the operating voltage value, including:
and if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than the second temperature threshold value, switching to a normal idling working condition to finish cold starting.
Further, if the minimum cell voltage is less than a first threshold, or the cell voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the performing the load shedding operation includes:
and if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation according to a preset load reduction rate.
Further, the cell voltage difference value is the difference value between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage.
Further, the first threshold value is any value between 0V and 0.5V. In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fuel cell control apparatus, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the single voltage of the fuel cell in the cold starting process;
the determining module is used for determining the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell;
and the loading module is used for determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value and carrying out loading operation according to the operation voltage value.
Further, the loading module includes:
a first loading unit for performing loading operation according to a first set voltage if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is less than a first temperature threshold when the PTC heating is turned on;
the second loading unit is used for keeping the first set voltage to carry out loading operation if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value;
the first load shedding unit is used for carrying out load shedding operation if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value;
and the third loading unit is used for carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value.
Further, the loading module further includes:
the fourth loading unit is used for loading operation according to the second set voltage if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold;
the fifth loading unit is used for loading operation according to a second set voltage if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value;
the second load shedding unit is used for carrying out load shedding operation if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value;
and the sixth loading unit is used for carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value.
Further, the loading module is specifically configured to:
and if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than the second temperature threshold value, switching to a normal idling working condition to finish cold starting.
Further, the first load shedding unit is specifically configured to:
and if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation according to a preset load reduction rate.
Further, the cell voltage difference value is the difference value between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage.
Further, the first threshold value is any value between 0V and 0.5V.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the computer program to implement the fuel cell control method according to any one of the embodiments of the present invention.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, the program, when executed by a processor, implementing a fuel cell control method as described in any of the embodiments of the present invention.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the operation voltage value is determined according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, the loading operation is carried out according to the operation voltage value, and when the fuel cell is used for heating the fuel cell by self-heat generation of the fuel cell, the consistency and the reverse pole phenomenon of the cell voltage of the fuel cell are considered, so that a large amount of heat energy can be generated under the condition that the fuel cell does not generate the reverse pole, the fuel cell can realize quick cold start, and the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a fuel cell control method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a fuel cell control method according to a second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2a is a flowchart of another fuel cell control method according to a second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell control apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a fuel cell control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where this embodiment is applicable to a case of cold start control of a fuel cell, and the method may be executed by a fuel cell control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the apparatus may be implemented in a software and/or hardware manner, as shown in fig. 1, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
and S110, acquiring the cell voltage of the fuel cell in the cold starting process.
The fuel cell is formed by stacking and combining a plurality of single cells in a certain mode, each single cell is an independent individual, and the single voltage refers to the voltage of each single cell. Specifically, during the cold start of the fuel cell, the voltage of each unit cell of the fuel cell is acquired.
And S120, determining the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell.
Specifically, the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference are determined according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell, and the cell voltage difference represents the cell voltage inconsistency. The inconsistency of the cell voltage is increased to some extent due to the influence of differences in the temperature, the ventilation condition, the degree of self-discharge, the electrolyte concentration, and the like of the respective cells in the fuel cell. When the minimum cell voltage is less than a certain threshold or the cell voltage difference exceeds a certain threshold, if the low-voltage battery and the normal battery are used together, the low-voltage battery becomes a load of the battery pack, the work of other batteries is influenced, and the service life of the whole battery pack is further influenced.
Optionally, the cell voltage difference is a difference between a maximum cell voltage and a minimum cell voltage;
specifically, the maximum cell voltage UcellmaxThe minimum unit voltage U is the maximum voltage value in a plurality of cell voltages in the fuel cellcellminIs the minimum voltage value among the plurality of cell voltages in the fuel cell. Unit voltage difference UdFor the difference between the maximum and minimum of a plurality of cell voltages, i.e. Ud＝Ucellmax-Ucellmi。
And S130, determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and carrying out loading operation according to the operation voltage value.
Specifically, during cold start, the lower the operating voltage of the fuel cell, the more heat the cell generates per unit time. In order to ensure the cold safe start of the fuel cell, the small cell voltage is selected to generate a large amount of heat to heat the cell without the occurrence of the reverse pole of the fuel cell, and the minimum cell voltage is limited to prevent the life decay of the fuel cell. Therefore, an operation voltage value is determined according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and loading operation is performed according to the operation voltage value. And the values of the voltage and the current are changed all the time in the loading process, and the loading operation is stopped if the operating voltage value reaches a preset voltage value.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the operation voltage value is determined according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, the loading operation is carried out according to the operation voltage value, when the fuel cell is used for heating the fuel cell by self-heat generation, the consistency and the reverse pole phenomenon of the cell voltage of the fuel cell are considered, a large amount of heat energy can be generated under the condition that the fuel cell does not generate the reverse pole, the fuel cell can realize quick cold start, and the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a fuel cell control method in a second embodiment of the present invention, which is optimized based on the above-described embodiment, in this embodiment, an operating voltage value is determined according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and a loading operation is performed according to the operating voltage value, where the method includes: when the PCT heating is started, if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is smaller than a first temperature threshold value, loading operation is carried out according to a first set voltage; if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to a first set voltage; if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation; and if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries.
As shown in fig. 2, the method of this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
and S210, acquiring the cell voltage of the fuel cell in the cold starting process.
And S220, determining the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell.
And S230, when the PTC heating is started, if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is less than a first temperature threshold value, loading operation is carried out according to a first set voltage.
The first temperature threshold may be set according to actual conditions, for example: the first temperature threshold may be 0 ℃.
In order to start the fuel cell as quickly as possible during the cold start of the fuel cell, the fuel cell is warmed up quickly and safely by using the self-generated heat of the fuel cell and assisting the shutdown purge and the external warm-up. Therefore, during the cold start of the fuel cell, the PTC heating system and the system cooling cycle are started first, and the system is heated by means of external preheating. And meanwhile, the air is supplied and purged through a device such as an air compressor at a high metering ratio, and redundant moisture is removed, preferably, the high metering ratio is higher than 4. At this time, the air compressor rotation speed may be set to 30000 rpm.
Specifically, when the PTC heating is turned on, if the fuel cell outlet temperature is less than the first temperature threshold, the loading operation is performed according to the set current rate and the first set voltage. The set current rate and the first set voltage may be set according to actual conditions, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention, for example, the set current rate is 5A/s. According to the reaction mechanism of the fuel cell, the fuel cell is defined to work at 0.5V-0.3V, so that the fuel cell can not cause serious damage to the fuel cell. Therefore, the first set voltage may be U1Where n is the number of the unit cells, 0.5 × n.
And S240, if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value, keeping the first set voltage for loading operation.
The first threshold and the second threshold may be set according to actual conditions. The second threshold is used to define a minimum cell voltage, and the second threshold is used to ensure that the voltage consistency of the cells is within a safe range, so as to prevent the cell reversal phenomenon and prevent the life decay of the fuel cell, and for example, the second threshold may be 0.02V.
Specifically, if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference is smaller than a second threshold value, that is, the cell meets the minimum cell voltage threshold requirement and the voltage consistency requirement, the first set voltage is maintained to perform the loading operation, so that the temperature of the fuel cell is increased.
Optionally, the first threshold is any value between 0V and 0.5V.
Specifically, the first threshold is a minimum cell voltage threshold for ensuring that the cell does not generate a reverse polarity phenomenon, and the first threshold may be 0.3V.
And S250, if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load shedding operation.
Specifically, if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold, or the cell voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second threshold, that is, the cell does not meet the requirement of the minimum cell voltage threshold, the load reduction operation is performed until the minimum cell voltage recovers to the first threshold, and then the load is performed, so that the phenomenon of reverse polarity of the cell due to the fact that the cell voltage is too small is avoided, and the service life of the fuel cell is prevented from being attenuated.
It should be noted that, if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than the first threshold, or the cell voltage difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the cell voltage discharge value is too low, and the positive electrode potential of the cell with the minimum voltage value is lower than the positive electrode potential, so that the reverse polarity phenomenon occurs. Long term reversal of the polarity of the battery without correction will cause the battery to fail or even break down the battery causing an explosion. Therefore, during the cold start of the fuel cell, it is necessary to ensure that the cells meet the minimum cell voltage threshold requirement and the cell consistency requirement in real time.
Optionally, if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold, or the cell voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second threshold, performing a load shedding operation includes:
and if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation according to a preset load reduction rate.
Specifically, if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold, or the cell voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second threshold, load reduction is performed on the output power of the fuel cell, the current is reduced according to a preset load reduction rate in the load reduction process, and the preset load reduction rate may be set according to an actual requirement, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. For example, the predetermined load reduction rate may be 100A/s.
And S260, if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries.
Specifically, if the minimum cell voltage U iscellminGreater than or equal to a first threshold, and the cell voltage difference UdAnd if the voltage is larger than or equal to the second threshold value, namely the single battery meets the requirement of the minimum single voltage threshold value but does not meet the requirement of voltage consistency, loading operation is carried out according to the minimum single voltage and the number of the single batteries so as to heat the fuel battery. The loading operation may be performed by switching the operating voltage to the minimum cell voltage value U according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the cellscellminMultiplied by the number n of cells, i.e. the operating voltage is switched to Ucellmin×n。
Optionally, determining an operating voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference, and performing loading according to the operating voltage value, includes:
if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, carrying out loading operation according to a second set voltage;
if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to a second set voltage;
if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation;
and if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries.
Wherein, along with the temperature rise of the fuel cell, in order to ensure that the fuel cell is in a safer working state, the operating voltage is increased to a second set voltage U2The second setting voltage is greater than the first setting voltage, i.e. U2>U1The second setting voltage can be set according to actual conditions.
Specifically, if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold and less than or equal to a second temperature threshold, the loading operation is performed according to a second set voltage. On the same principle as S240 to S260, in order to ensure that the unit cell does not generate the reverse polarity phenomenon to reduce the loss of the life of the fuel cell, if the minimum unit voltage is greater than or equal to the first threshold and the unit voltage difference is less than the second threshold, the loading operation is performed according to the second set voltage; if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation until the minimum cell voltage is restored to the first threshold value and then carrying out loading; and if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, performing loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the cell batteries so as to continuously heat the fuel cell.
Optionally, determining an operating voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference, and performing loading according to the operating voltage value, includes:
and if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than the second temperature threshold value, switching to a normal idling working condition to finish cold starting. According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the operation voltage value is determined according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, the loading operation is carried out according to the operation voltage value, when the fuel cell is used for heating the fuel cell by self-heat generation, the consistency and the reverse pole phenomenon of the cell voltage of the fuel cell are considered, a large amount of heat energy can be generated under the condition that the fuel cell does not generate the reverse pole, the fuel cell can realize quick cold start, and the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2a, the technical solution of this embodiment includes the following specific steps: and starting the PTC heating system and the air compressor purging system to assist the cold start of the fuel cell. When the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is lower than a first temperature threshold (0 ℃), the fuel cell is slowly loaded by a first set voltage, and whether the minimum cell voltage is larger than or equal to the first threshold (0.3V) and whether the cell voltage difference is smaller than a second threshold (0.02V) is continuously judged in the loading process, so that the fuel cell meets the requirements of voltage consistency and minimum voltage threshold. If the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value, keeping the first set voltage for loading operation; and if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation, and if the minimum cell voltage is larger than or equal to the first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to the second threshold value, carrying out load operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the cell batteries.
If the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold (0 ℃) and less than or equal to a second temperature threshold (10 ℃), performing loading operation according to a second set voltage; similarly, whether the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to the first threshold and whether the cell voltage difference value is smaller than the second threshold is continuously judged in the loading process, so that the temperature of the fuel cell is continuously increased under the condition that the voltage consistency requirement and the minimum voltage threshold requirement are met. And switching to the normal idling working condition until the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than a second temperature threshold (10 ℃), and finishing cold start.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell control device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment can be applied to the case of fuel cell cold start control, and the apparatus can be implemented in a software and/or hardware manner, and the apparatus can be integrated into any device that provides the function of fuel cell control, as shown in fig. 3, and the apparatus for fuel cell control specifically includes: an acquisition module 310, a determination module 320, and a loading module 330.
The obtaining module 310 is configured to obtain a cell voltage of the fuel cell during a cold start process;
a determining module 320, configured to determine a minimum cell voltage and a cell voltage difference according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell;
and the loading module 330 is configured to determine an operating voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and perform a loading operation according to the operating voltage value.
Optionally, the loading module includes:
a first loading unit for performing loading operation according to a first set voltage if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is less than a first temperature threshold when the PTC heating is turned on;
the second loading unit is used for keeping the first set voltage to carry out loading operation if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value;
the first load shedding unit is used for carrying out load shedding operation if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value;
and the third loading unit is used for carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value.
Optionally, the loading module further includes:
the fourth loading unit is used for loading operation according to the second set voltage if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold;
the fifth loading unit is used for loading operation according to a second set voltage if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value;
the second load shedding unit is used for carrying out load shedding operation if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value;
and the sixth loading unit is used for carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value.
Optionally, the loading module is specifically configured to:
and if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than the second temperature threshold value, switching to a normal idling working condition to finish cold starting.
Optionally, the first load shedding unit is specifically configured to:
and if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation according to a preset load reduction rate.
Optionally, the cell voltage difference is a difference between a maximum cell voltage and a minimum cell voltage.
Optionally, the first threshold is any value between 0V and 0.5V. The product can execute the method provided by any embodiment of the invention, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the operation voltage value is determined according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, the loading operation is carried out according to the operation voltage value, when the fuel cell is used for heating the fuel cell by self-heat generation, the consistency and the reverse pole phenomenon of the cell voltage of the fuel cell are considered, a large amount of heat energy can be generated under the condition that the fuel cell does not generate the reverse pole, the fuel cell can be rapidly and cold started, and the loss of the service life of the fuel cell is reduced.
Example four
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer device 12 suitable for use in implementing embodiments of the present invention. The computer device 12 shown in FIG. 4 is only one example and should not bring any limitations to the functionality or scope of use of embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, computer device 12 is in the form of a general purpose computing device. The components of computer device 12 may include, but are not limited to: one or more processors or processing units 16, a system memory 28, and a bus 18 that couples various system components including the system memory 28 and the processing unit 16.
Bus 18 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, such architectures include, but are not limited to, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, micro-channel architecture (MAC) bus, enhanced ISA bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus.
Computer device 12 typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer device 12 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.
The system memory 28 may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as Random Access Memory (RAM)30 and/or cache memory 32. Computer device 12 may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system 34 may be used to read from and write to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media (not shown in FIG. 4, and commonly referred to as a "hard drive"). Although not shown in FIG. 4, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk (e.g., a "floppy disk") and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk (e.g., a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or other optical media) may be provided. In these cases, each drive may be connected to bus 18 by one or more data media interfaces. Memory 28 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the invention.
A program/utility 40 having a set (at least one) of program modules 42 may be stored, for example, in memory 28, such program modules 42 including, but not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which examples or some combination thereof may comprise an implementation of a network environment. Program modules 42 generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of the described embodiments of the invention.
Computer device 12 may also communicate with one or more external devices 14 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, display 24, etc.), with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computer device 12, and/or with any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable computer device 12 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication may be through an input/output (I/O) interface 22. In the computer device 12 of the present embodiment, the display 24 is not provided as a separate body but is embedded in the mirror surface, and when the display surface of the display 24 is not displayed, the display surface of the display 24 and the mirror surface are visually integrated. Also, computer device 12 may communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), and/or a public network such as the Internet) via network adapter 20. As shown, network adapter 20 communicates with the other modules of computer device 12 via bus 18. It should be understood that although not shown in the figures, other hardware and/or software modules may be used in conjunction with computer device 12, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems, among others.
The processing unit 16 executes various functional applications and data processing by executing programs stored in the system memory 28, for example, to implement the fuel cell control method provided by the embodiment of the present invention:
in the cold starting process, acquiring the single voltage of the fuel cell;
determining a minimum cell voltage and a cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell;
and determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and carrying out loading operation according to the operation voltage value.
EXAMPLE five
An embodiment five of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements a fuel cell control method as provided in all of the inventive embodiments of the present application:
in the cold starting process, acquiring the single voltage of the fuel cell;
determining a minimum cell voltage and a cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell;
and determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and carrying out loading operation according to the operation voltage value.
Any combination of one or more computer-readable media may be employed. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A fuel cell control method characterized by comprising:
in the cold starting process, acquiring the single voltage of the fuel cell;
determining a minimum cell voltage and a cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell;
determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and carrying out loading operation according to the operation voltage value;
determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and performing loading operation according to the operation voltage value, wherein the operation comprises the following steps:
when the PTC heating is started, if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is smaller than a first temperature threshold value, loading operation is carried out according to a first set voltage;
if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value, keeping the first set voltage for loading operation;
if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation;
and if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining an operating voltage value from the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and loading according to the operating voltage value comprises:
if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, carrying out loading operation according to a second set voltage;
if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to a second set voltage;
if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation;
and if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining an operating voltage value from the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value, and loading according to the operating voltage value comprises:
and if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is greater than the second temperature threshold value, switching to a normal idling working condition to finish cold starting.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein if the minimum cell voltage is less than a first threshold value, or if the cell voltage difference is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, performing a load shedding operation comprises:
and if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, carrying out load reduction operation according to a preset load reduction rate.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell voltage difference is a difference between a maximum cell voltage and a minimum cell voltage.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first threshold is any value between 0V and 0.5V.
7. A fuel cell control apparatus characterized by comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the single voltage of the fuel cell in the cold starting process;
the determining module is used for determining the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value according to the cell voltage of the fuel cell;
the loading module is used for determining an operation voltage value according to the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage difference value and carrying out loading operation according to the operation voltage value;
the loading module comprises:
a first loading unit for performing loading operation according to a first set voltage if the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is less than a first temperature threshold when the PTC heating is turned on;
the second loading unit is used for keeping the first set voltage to carry out loading operation if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is smaller than a second threshold value;
the first load shedding unit is used for carrying out load shedding operation if the minimum cell voltage is smaller than a first threshold value, or the cell voltage difference value is larger than or equal to a second threshold value;
and the third loading unit is used for carrying out loading operation according to the minimum cell voltage and the number of the single batteries if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and the cell voltage difference value is greater than or equal to a second threshold value.
8. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method according to any of claims 1-6 when executing the program.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
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