CN112705052B - Glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) after pretreating the glass fiber membrane, modifying the surface of the glass fiber membrane by using KH 550; (2) soaking the modified glass fiber membrane in organic solvent dispersion of modified silica particles modified by KH560, taking out and drying; (3) and soaking the dried glass fiber membrane in a random copolymer solution of acrylic acid and glycidyl methacrylate, taking out and airing to obtain the glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation. The glass fiber membrane has the advantages of high water flux, high oil-water separation efficiency and high durability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil-water separation membrane preparation, in particular to a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of petrochemical industry, metallurgy, pharmacy and food industry, a large amount of oily wastewater is generated. The oily wastewater contains a large amount of toxic pollutants, and has serious harm to water resources, human health and crop planting. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient and inexpensive oil-water separation method. The traditional oil-water separation method comprises a gravity settling method, an air floatation method, an electrochemical method and the like, but the traditional oil-water separation method has the inherent disadvantages of low efficiency, high operation cost, equipment corrosion and the like. In recent years, membrane technology has been widely used for the treatment of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. The membrane filtration has the advantages of low operation cost, small occupied area, stable filtration quality and the like, and is widely applied to the separation of the oil-containing wastewater emulsion.
Chinese patent publication nos. CN109879711B, CN108246112B and CN109499393A all disclose oil-water separation membranes having super-hydrophilic/super-oleophobic properties under water. Polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like are taken as a matrix, and the membrane material is modified by methods of grafting, modification and the like, so that the membrane material has a hydrophilic effect. However, the oil-water separation membranes are prepared on the basis of organic polymer membranes and are subjected to hydrophilic modification. The development of industry and membrane technology has made people have higher and higher requirements for use of membranes, and obviously, organic polymer membranes have failed to meet some severe industrial use environments. And the organic polymer membrane has strong adhesion to oil, so that the membrane material has the problem of membrane pore blockage after being used, and finally, the separation performance of the membrane is obviously reduced. The polluted membrane has higher regeneration cost and undesirable treatment effect, thereby limiting the industrial application of the membrane material.
The glass fiber is a material with excellent performance, has chemical corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and low cost, has higher thermal performance compared with a polymer film, is rich in a large number of reactive silicon hydroxyl (Si-OH) groups on the surface of the glass fiber, and can conveniently introduce functional groups on the surface of the glass fiber, thereby increasing the usability of the glass fiber. Based on the above advantages, many scholars modify the glass fiber membrane and introduce hydrophilic polymer or hydrophobic polymer on the surface of the glass fiber membrane, thereby achieving the effect of oil-water separation. Heeso Jun et al, designed to introduce methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) on the surface of glass fiber membrane to obtain superhydrophobic glass fiber, and simultaneously introduce zwitterionic dimethylaminopropyl ammonium acrylate on the surface of glass fiber to obtain superhydrophilic glass fiber, then combine both for oil-water separation [ Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2019,73:78-86 ]. Meng Jianqiang et al graft Hyperbranched Polyethyleneimine (HPEI) on the surface of a glass fiber membrane, Si-OH on the surface of the glass fiber firstly reacts with epichlorohydrin, and then an epoxy group reacts with an amino group in the HPEI, so that a molecular chain of the HPEI is grafted on the surface of the glass fiber membrane, and the hydrophilicity of the glass fiber is obviously improved [ Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,309:30-40 ].
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of making a fiberglass membrane, comprising:
(1) after pretreating the glass fiber membrane, modifying the surface of the glass fiber membrane by using KH 550;
(2) soaking the modified glass fiber membrane in an organic solvent dispersion liquid of modified silicon dioxide particles, taking out and drying;
the preparation method of the modified silicon dioxide particles comprises the following steps: dispersing silicon dioxide particles in ethanol, adding a KH560 modifier for modification, and filtering, centrifuging and washing after modification to obtain modified silicon dioxide particles;
(3) soaking the dried glass fiber membrane in a random copolymer solution, taking out and airing to obtain the glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation;
the preparation method of the random copolymer solution comprises the following steps: mixing acrylic acid and glycidyl methacrylate in a methanol solution, adding an initiator into the mixed solution, and reacting at 65-75 ℃ for 10-15 hours to obtain a random copolymer solution.
The invention adopts a dip-coating method to carry out surface modification on a glass fiber membrane, adopts a solution polymerization method to synthesize a random copolymer of acrylic acid and glycidyl methacrylate, and carries out modification on silicon dioxide particles by an in-situ modification method, so that a large amount of amino groups are introduced into the surfaces of the silicon dioxide particles. The modified silica particles and the random copolymer are respectively grafted on the surface of the glass fiber, so that the hydrophilicity of the glass fiber is greatly improved, and the glass fiber is used for separating oil-in-water emulsions.
The pretreatment comprises the following steps: soaking the glass fiber membrane in a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, taking out and airing.
The glass fiber membrane is soaked in the mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surface of the glass fiber and expose silicon hydroxyl on the surface of the glass fiber, so that the subsequent modification treatment is facilitated.
Preferably, in the mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide is 7: 2 to 4.
The modification treatment comprises the following steps: soaking the pretreated glass fiber membrane in a KH550 methanol solution; in the methanol solution of the KH550, the mass fraction of the KH550 is 15-20%; the mass of the glass fiber membrane is 20-30% of the mass of the KH550 methanol solution.
Preferably, the modification treatment temperature of the glass fiber membrane is 60-80 ℃, and the modification time is 4-6 h.
In the step (2), the mass of the KH560 modifier is 2-5% of that of the silica particles; the mass of the ethanol is 4 to 5 times of the mass of the silica particles.
Preferably, the modification temperature of the silicon dioxide particles is 60-80 ℃, and the modification time is 4-6 h.
In the step (2), the operations of centrifugation and washing are as follows: placing the modified ethanol dispersion liquid of the silicon dioxide particles in a centrifugal tube, and centrifuging for 8-15 min at 2000-5000 r/min; and after the centrifugation is finished, removing the supernatant, adding ethanol into the centrifuge tube, uniformly stirring, centrifuging again, and repeating the operation for 2-3 times to finish the washing of the modified silicon dioxide particles.
Preferably, in the organic solvent dispersion of modified silica particles in step (2), the mass fraction of the modified silica particles is 1 to 5%.
In the step (3), the molar ratio of Acrylic Acid (AA) to Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA) needs to be controlled, and when the GMA content is too high, the whole polymer system is easily crosslinked, so that the whole polymer system cannot be grafted to the surface of the glass fiber membrane. The control of the AA polymer also needs to be regulated, and when the polymerization degree of AA is too large, the finally obtained polymer can easily generate hydrogel when meeting water, so that the pore channels of the glass fiber membrane are blocked, and the flux of the glass fiber membrane is obviously reduced. When the polymerization degree of AA is too small, the content of carboxyl groups in the random polymer is low, which is not favorable for increasing the hydrophilicity of the polymer, and in summary, it is preferable that the molar ratio of acrylic acid to glycidyl methacrylate in the step (3) is 10 to 20: 1; further preferably, the molar ratio is 9-11: 1.
preferably, in the mixed solution in the step (3), the mass of the acrylic acid and the glycidyl methacrylate accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of the mixed solution.
Preferably, in the step (3), the initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide; the using amount of the initiator is 2-5% of the total mass of the acrylic acid and the glycidyl methacrylate. The initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide, so that the monomer conversion rate of AA can be improved.
Preferably, in the random copolymer solution in the step (3), the mass fraction of the random copolymer is 2-20%. After the modification by the polymer solution with the concentration, the grafting ratio of the glass fiber membrane is higher, and the water flux of the membrane cannot be reduced due to excessive grafting.
The invention also provides the glass fiber membrane prepared by the preparation method, and the glass fiber membrane can be used for separating oil-in-water emulsions.
In the invention, a large amount of epoxy groups can be introduced into the surface of the silica particles after the silica particles are modified by KH560, and similarly, a large amount of amino groups can be introduced into the surface of the glass fiber membrane after the glass fiber membrane is modified by KH 550. According to the Wenzel model, when a certain substrate is hydrophilic, the larger the surface roughness is, the smaller the surface contact angle is, and the stronger the hydrophilicity is. The random copolymer of Acrylic Acid (AA) and Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA) can be synthesized by a solution polymerization method, and because the polymer contains a large amount of carboxyl groups, the groups have strong hydrophilicity, so that the affinity of the polymer with water is greatly improved. Epoxy groups in the polymer react with amino groups on the surface of the glass fiber membrane, so that the hydrophilicity of the glass fiber membrane is improved. The super-hydrophilic glass fiber membrane is prepared by organically combining the acrylic acid-containing polymer and the silica particles.
The preparation process is simple and effective, the hydrophilicity of the obtained super-hydrophilic glass fiber membrane is obviously improved, the gelation degree of the glass fiber membrane is lower, the water flux is higher, the oil-water separation efficiency is higher, and the durability is stronger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the polymerization method has simple process, can be completed through simple modification, is different from a common surface ATRP method in a super-hydrophilic membrane preparation method and common polymers such as zwitterions, hyperbranched polyimides and the like, and is easy to operate and high in production efficiency due to the difficulty in production and preparation of the polymers, so that the method is beneficial to enterprise production;
2. the oil-water separation membrane is prepared by modifying the base material glass fiber, and the glass fiber has higher mechanical strength, chemical corrosion resistance and thermal property, so that the oil-water separation membrane can be applied to more complicated conditions. Compared with an organic polymer membrane, the affinity between the glass fiber of the inorganic material and oil is smaller, so that the glass fiber membrane is more beneficial to oil-water separation compared with a common oil-water separation membrane, and pore channels are not easy to block;
3. the organic solvent involved in the invention has low boiling point, low energy consumption in the later modification treatment and low cost of the glass fiber, so the invention has certain advantages in industrialization;
4. the oil-water separation glass fiber membrane prepared by the invention has high separation efficiency on oil-water emulsion, and the content of normal hexane in the separated water can be reduced from 10000ppm to about 110 ppm; the glass fiber membrane prepared by the invention can separate the emulsion of crude oil and water, the mass fraction of the crude oil before separation is 1.0%, the concentration of the crude oil in the separated water can be reduced to about 375ppm, and the separation membranes which can separate the crude oil and the water emulsion on the market are few.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface topography of glass fiber membranes prepared in examples 1-4; wherein (a) is example 1, (b) is example 2, (c) is example 3, and (d) is example 4;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the separation effect of the glass fiber membranes prepared in examples 1 to 4 on an oil-water emulsion; wherein, (a) is n-hexane/water emulsion, and (b) is crude oil/water emulsion;
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph taken with a polarizing microscope before and after the n-hexane/water emulsion is separated; wherein (a) is before separation and (b) is after separation;
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a simple separation apparatus for crude oil/water emulsion (a) and a sample before (b) and after (c) the crude oil/water emulsion is separated.
Detailed Description
In the following examples:
(1) pretreatment of the surface of the glass fiber:
soaking the glass fiber film in a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide for 5-10min, removing impurities such as oil stains on the surface of the glass fiber, exposing silicon hydroxyl on the surface of the glass fiber, taking out and airing at normal temperature. In the mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the hydrogen peroxide is controlled to be about 7: 3.
(2) Modification treatment of the glass fiber surface:
and (3) soaking the pretreated glass fiber membrane in a methanol solution of KH550, and adding magnetons for stirring to enable the surface of the glass fiber membrane to be modified more uniformly. The preparation ratio of the modified solution is as follows: slowly dripping KH550 accounting for 15-20% of the total mass of the modified solution into the methanol solution, and uniformly stirring.
(3) Surface modification treatment of silica particles:
and (3) placing the silicon dioxide particles into ethanol dispersion, adding a certain amount of modifier, modifying for several hours, filtering, centrifuging, and washing to obtain the modified silicon dioxide particles.
KH560 is selected as the modifier, the mass of the modifier is 2% -5% of the mass of the silicon dioxide, and the addition amount of the ethanol dispersion liquid is 4-5 times of the mass of the silicon dioxide.
The modification conditions are as follows: the modification temperature is 65-75 ℃, the stirring speed is controlled to be about 1500r/min, and the modification time is 4-5 hours.
The centrifugation and washing conditions were as follows: and respectively placing the modified silicon dioxide dispersion liquid into centrifugal tubes, wherein the rotating speed of a centrifugal machine is 4000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 8-15 min. And after the centrifugation is finished, putting a certain amount of ethanol into the centrifuge tube, uniformly stirring, centrifuging again, and repeating the operation for 2-3 times to complete the modification of the silicon dioxide particles.
Dispersing the modified silicon dioxide particles in an ethanol solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a silicon dioxide particle dispersion liquid with the silicon dioxide particle concentration of 1-5%.
(4) Preparation of random copolymers of AA (acrylic acid) and GMA (glycidyl methacrylate):
adding a copolymerization monomer with the molar mass ratio of AA to GMA being 10:1 into a certain amount of methanol solution, adding a proper amount of initiator, setting the reaction temperature and the reaction time, and adjusting the rotating speed to obtain the methanol dispersion liquid of the AA and GMA random copolymer.
The reaction monomer accounts for 20-40% of the total mass; the initiator is selected from dibenzoyl peroxide, and the dosage of the initiator is 2 to 5 percent of the dosage of the reaction monomer; the reaction temperature is about 65-75 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-15 hours.
In the methanol dispersion liquid of the random copolymer of AA and GMA, the concentration of the random copolymer is 2.09-16.72%.
Example 1
(1) Placing 10g of the modified glass fiber membrane in 5.0 mass percent of silicon dioxide particle dispersion liquid, taking out after soaking for 5min, and placing in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for drying;
(2) and soaking the dried glass fiber membrane into methanol dispersion of the random copolymer with the concentration of the random copolymer of 16.72%, taking out and airing at normal temperature to prepare the polymer modified glass fiber membrane.
Example 2
(1) Placing 10g of the modified glass fiber membrane in 5.0 mass percent of silicon dioxide particle dispersion liquid, taking out after soaking for 5min, and placing in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for drying;
(2) and soaking the dried glass fiber membrane into a methanol dispersion of a random copolymer with the concentration of the random copolymer of 8.36%, taking out the glass fiber membrane, and airing at normal temperature to prepare the polymer modified glass fiber membrane.
Example 3
(1) Placing 10g of the modified glass fiber membrane in 5.0% by mass of silicon dioxide particle dispersion liquid, soaking for 5min, taking out, and drying in a drying oven at 150 ℃;
(2) and soaking the dried glass fiber membrane into a methanol dispersion of a random copolymer with the concentration of the random copolymer being 4.18%, taking out the glass fiber membrane, and airing at normal temperature to prepare the polymer modified glass fiber membrane.
Example 4
(1) Placing 10g of the modified glass fiber membrane in 5.0% by mass of silicon dioxide particle dispersion liquid, soaking for 5min, taking out, and drying in a drying oven at 150 ℃;
(2) and soaking the dried glass fiber membrane into a methanol dispersion of a random copolymer with the concentration of the random copolymer of 2.09%, taking out and airing at normal temperature to prepare the polymer modified glass fiber membrane.
The surface morphology of the prepared glass fiber was tested by a Phenom pro model desktop scanning electron microscope of renaturation scientific instruments ltd, and the test results are shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, as the concentration of the random copolymer was gradually decreased from 16.72%, it was evident that the random polymer on the surface of the glass fiber was gradually decreased (the random polymer was slightly blurred in the SEM image because it was a hydrogel), and it was also seen that the distribution of the modified silica particles on the surface of the glass fiber was relatively uniform and the particle diameter was very uniform, i.e., 500 nm. The organic combination of the two components not only provides great roughness for smooth glass fiber, but also provides a certain amount of hydrophilicity for the smooth glass fiber, and lays a certain foundation for effective oil-water emulsion separation.
The glass fiber membranes prepared in examples 1-4 were separated for n-hexane/water emulsion and crude oil/water emulsion, the oil content in the emulsion being 1%.
The oil content in water after oil-water emulsion separation was measured using a liquid TOC2 model Total organic carbon Nitrogen analyzer from elemenear, Germany, and the results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 2: for normal hexane/water emulsion, the oil content in the separated water can reach about 100ppm, the separation efficiency of the oil-water emulsion can reach more than 98.89%, and for crude oil/water emulsion, the oil content in the separated water is below 421.1ppm, namely the separation efficiency can reach 95.79%; along with the gradual increase of the concentration of the AA and GMA random copolymer, the oil-water separation effect of the prepared glass fiber membrane is not obviously improved, but the water flux of the membrane in the separation emulsion is reduced, but the filtration effect is not influenced; as the concentration of the copolymer is gradually reduced from 16.72 percent to 2.09 percent, the water consumption of the glass fiber membrane shows a growing trend, and the maximum water consumption can reach 4500L/(m)2H), the product can be used for separating oil-water emulsion.
The liquid after oil-water separation was subjected to a polarization microscope test using an LV100 type polarization microscope of japan nichon corporation to observe the existence form of oil droplets in water, the size of oil droplets, and the like. FIG. 3 is a photograph of a polarizing microscope of an emulsion of n-hexane and water before and after separation by a glass fiber membrane, from which it can be seen that a large amount of n-hexane micelles existed in the water before the separation, and after the filtration, it is apparent that almost no micelles were found in the water. Further intuitively proves that the glass fiber membrane prepared by the invention can effectively separate oil-water emulsion.
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a simple separation apparatus for crude oil/water emulsion and a sample before and after separation using the glass fiber membrane for oil-water separation prepared according to the present invention. The mass fraction of crude oil before separation is 1.0%, the concentration of crude oil in water after separation can be reduced to about 375ppm, and few separation membranes capable of separating crude oil from water emulsion are available in the market.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions, equivalents, etc. made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after pretreating the glass fiber membrane, modifying the surface of the glass fiber membrane by using KH 550;
(2) soaking the modified glass fiber membrane in an organic solvent dispersion liquid of modified silicon dioxide particles, taking out and drying;
the preparation method of the modified silicon dioxide particles comprises the following steps: dispersing silicon dioxide particles in ethanol, adding a KH560 modifier for modification, and filtering, centrifuging and washing after modification to obtain modified silicon dioxide particles;
(3) soaking the dried glass fiber membrane in a random copolymer solution, taking out and airing to obtain the glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation;
the preparation method of the random copolymer solution comprises the following steps: mixing acrylic acid and glycidyl methacrylate in a methanol solution, adding an initiator into the mixed solution, and reacting at 65-75 ℃ for 10-15 hours to obtain a random copolymer solution.
2. The method for producing a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation according to claim 1, wherein the modification treatment comprises: soaking the pretreated glass fiber membrane in a methanol solution of KH 550; in the methanol solution of the KH550, the mass fraction of the KH550 is 15-20%; the mass of the glass fiber membrane is 20-30% of the mass of the KH550 methanol solution.
3. The method for preparing a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass of the KH560 modifier is 2-5% of the mass of the silica particles; the mass of the ethanol is 4 to 5 times of the mass of the silica particles.
4. The method for producing a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the modified silica particles in the organic solvent dispersion of modified silica particles in step (2) have a mass fraction of 1 to 5%.
5. The method for preparing a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the step (1) and the step (3), the modification temperature of the glass fiber membrane and the modification time of the silica particles are 60 to 80 ℃ and 4 to 6 hours.
6. The method for preparing a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the molar ratio of acrylic acid to glycidyl methacrylate is 10 to 20: 1; in the mixed liquid, the mass of the acrylic acid and the glycidyl methacrylate accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of the mixed liquid.
7. The method for preparing a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in the step (3), the initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide; the using amount of the initiator is 2-5% of the total mass of the acrylic acid and the glycidyl methacrylate.
8. The method for preparing a glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the random copolymer in the random copolymer solution of step (3) is 2 to 20%.
9. A glass fiber membrane for oil-water emulsion separation, which is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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