CN112697954A - Experimental device for multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation - Google Patents
Experimental device for multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation experimental device, which comprises a steel section-ceramic fiberboard mixing experimental frame, wherein an experimental material mounting hole, a thermocouple and a heat flow meter pre-embedding hole are preset in the steel section-ceramic fiberboard mixing experimental frame, a universal wheel is arranged at the bottom layer, a smoke collecting hood is arranged at the upper layer, a pipeline is connected with a gas acquisition system, and a gas analyzer and a data acquisition system are connected through a pipeline; an image acquisition system is arranged in the front of the building main body, and a high-speed camera and an infrared camera are respectively erected on the main vertical face and the side vertical face. The device can be used for researching various related building heat-insulating curtain wall fire-proof barrier technologies, simulating the combustion phenomenon and the combustion rule of the heat-insulating curtain wall under various barrier technologies in a real fire scene, and exploring an effective fire-proof barrier technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a multifunctional large-scale vertical-face fire spreading prevention and control blocking experimental device.
Background
High-rise buildings refer to residential buildings with building heights greater than 27m and non-single-storey plants, warehouses and other civil buildings with building heights greater than 24 m. The outer facade of a high-rise building is usually coated with a heat insulation material, and common organic heat insulation materials such as polyurethane, polyethylene and the like have the characteristics of low burning point and rapid fire spread. In recent years, with the increasing number of high-rise buildings, the fire situation of the high-rise buildings is more severe, and the internal and external interactive fires of the high-rise buildings are endless due to the heat insulation materials of the external walls of the buildings. The three-dimensional fire spreading behavior and the law of the high-rise building are not only related to the physicochemical property, the size, the shape and the shape of the combustible material of the outer wall of the building, but also have close relation with environmental factors such as wind, temperature and the like. After being heated, the inflammable organic heat-insulating material is easy to melt and flow, has large combustion heat, high fire spreading speed and more toxic and harmful gases, and has great fire hazard risk; the indoor combustion environment is complex, the potential fire hazard is more, the fire load density is far beyond the conventional building, and the internal and external interaction fire spreading is very easy to realize through glass curtain walls and other ways; and fire people in the high-rise building are difficult to evacuate and extinguish fire and rescue, and huge personnel and property losses are easily caused. Due to the complexity of the fire scene of the high-rise building, a mature prevention and treatment technology for fire spreading disasters of the heat-preservation curtain wall of the outer facade of the high-rise building is not developed at home and abroad at present, but a great deal of difficult problems of building outer wall transformation are faced at home in recent years, and how to effectively prevent and obstruct the fire spreading of the outer facade of the building is urgently needed to be solved.
The high-rise building fire barrier technology is a basic subject in building fire and fire safety, researches the development rule of the spread of internal and external interactive fire of a high-rise building, explores the barrier technology of multi-technology fusion, scientifically recognizes the building facade fire development mechanism and the barrier technology under the large-scale condition, can not only expand and deepen the scientific theory of fire, but also provide theoretical support for developing the building fire prevention and control technology.
At present, fire prevention and extinguishment of external vertical surfaces of high-rise buildings at home and abroad are mainly realized through arrangement of fireproof isolation belts, but a set of scientific and mature internal and external interactive three-dimensional fire spreading and blocking technology for the high-rise buildings is not formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multifunctional large-scale vertical-face fire spreading prevention and control barrier experimental device, which aims to develop large-scale vertical-face fire spreading prevention and control barrier experiments with different sizes, intervals and barrier forms and explore scientific and reasonable prevention and control barrier technologies.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an experimental apparatus of multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation, includes: an experimental test system and a data acquisition system; the experiment test system comprises an experiment frame, universal wheels, a smoke collecting hood, a heat insulating material and a fireproof isolation belt; the data acquisition system includes the thermocouple of arranging in thermocouple preset hole, total heat flow meter and the bolometer of arranging in the heat flow meter hole, gaseous collection analytic system, high-speed camera, infrared camera appearance, wherein:
four universal wheels are arranged at the lower part of the experiment frame main body;
the experimental frame is constructed by using a high-temperature-resistant steel section as a framework and filling an aluminum silicate ceramic fiber plate in the middle;
the smoke collecting hood main body is provided with a high-power smoke exhaust device and a power regulator, and analyzes the combustion gas products and the smoke concentration through a gas collecting and analyzing system connected with an air duct pipeline;
the temperature measuring system and the heat flow measuring system refer to a thermocouple tree arranged in a preset thermocouple hole, and the heat flow measuring system refers to a total heat flow meter and a radiant heat flow meter arranged in a preset hole;
the image acquisition system comprises two high-speed cameras and an infrared camera which are respectively arranged on the front surface and the side surface of the experimental device.
Furthermore, the size of the steel structure experiment frame main body is 2.0m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 4.7m, the wall thickness is 15cm, the material is a steel section, and an aluminum silicate ceramic fiber plate is filled in the middle of the inner frame to serve as an experiment supporting material.
Further, the size of the fume collecting hood is 6m × 6 m.
Further, the gas collection and analysis system is designed and constructed strictly according to the international standard of ISO 9705.
Further, the barrier control technology is not limited to the geometric dimension and material of the fire-proof isolation belt, and other facade fire protection technologies such as water spraying and the like can be also adopted for the research.
Furthermore, four universal wheels are arranged on the lower portion of the experiment frame main body, so that the experiment device can be moved conveniently, and meanwhile, the wheels can be locked to fix the experiment device main body;
furthermore, the frame outside the experiment frame is constructed by high temperature resistant steel section bar, the aluminium silicate ceramic fiberboard is filled in the middle of the frame as experimental material supporting material, a heat flow meter mounting hole and a thermocouple hole are preset on the fiberboard, and simultaneously, the height direction and the width direction are provided with scale plates. The fuel and the fireproof isolation belt can be fixed on the fiber board, and the external surface fire spreading fireproof isolation rule is researched;
furthermore, the fume collecting hood main body is provided with a high-power fume exhaust device and a power regulator, acquires data such as combustion gas products, temperature, flow and fume concentration through a gas acquisition and analysis system connected with an air duct pipeline, is in communication connection with a gas analyzer and a data acquisition instrument through connected pipelines, analyzes the data, obtains the real-time generation rate of toxic and harmful gases after combustion, and can measure the combustion heat;
furthermore, the data acquisition system comprises a total heat flow meter, a radiant heat flow meter and a thermocouple which are arranged in the reserved holes, and two high-speed cameras and two infrared cameras which are respectively arranged right in front of the experiment frame and on the side vertical surface, wherein the total heat flow meter, the radiant heat flow meter and the thermocouple can meet the record of experiment videos in the experiment, particularly the flame position and the flame shape, and can capture the instant flame mutation and the instant non-continuous ignition shape, and the two infrared cameras can obtain the temperature instant distribution maps of the front vertical surface and the side vertical surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a set of multifunctional large-scale facade fire spreading, preventing, controlling and blocking experimental device, which can conveniently and accurately realize experimental simulation of facade fire spreading, preventing, controlling and blocking of a multi-story high-rise building, can comprehensively record parameters in the experimental process in real time, and can conveniently control experimental environment and experimental conditions. Through data analysis of a gas analysis system, the type, real-time concentration, flue gas temperature and components of a main gas product after combustion can be obtained, and the heat release rate in an experiment is calculated; the structure of the thermocouple can be conveniently realized through the temperature acquisition system, and the real-time temperature in the experimental environment is acquired; the image acquisition system can acquire the flame implementation form and the spreading rule in the experimental process. The device has the characteristics of convenient operation, high truth degree and complete functions, and has great significance for deeply knowing the spread of three-dimensional fire, the development law of building fire, the development of prevention and control technology and the like. The device can be used for researching various related multi-story high-rise building facade fire spreading and blocking technologies, simulating the combustion phenomenon machine law of combustible materials in a large-scale real facade fire scene, and exploring a scientific and effective protection and blocking technology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional large-scale vertical fire spreading prevention, control and barrier experimental device.
The reference numbers in the figures mean: 1 is the universal wheel, and 2 is the experiment frame, and 3 is insulation material, and 4 are heat flow meter hole, and 5 are the fire prevention median, and 6 are the thermocouple and predetermine the hole, and 7 are high-speed camera, and 8 are infrared camera appearance, and 9 are collection petticoat pipe, and 10 are gaseous collection analytic system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the experimental device for multifunctional large-scale vertical fire spreading prevention, control and blocking of the invention comprises: an experimental test system and a data acquisition system. The experiment test system comprises an experiment frame 2, a universal wheel 1, a smoke collecting hood 9, a heat insulating material 3 and a fireproof isolation belt 5; the data acquisition system comprises a thermocouple arranged in a thermocouple preset hole 6, a total heat flow meter and a radiant heat flow meter arranged in a heat flow meter hole 4, a gas acquisition and analysis system 10, a high-speed camera 7 and an infrared camera 8. Wherein:
four universal wheels 1 are arranged at the lower part of the main body of the experiment frame 2, so that the experiment device can be moved conveniently, and the wheels can be locked to fix the main body of the experiment device;
the experimental frame 2 outside frame establish by high temperature resistant steel section bar, pack aluminium silicate ceramic fiberboard in the middle of the frame and regard as experimental material supporting material, preset heat flow meter installation hole and thermocouple hole on the fiberboard, direction of height and width direction are provided with the scale plate simultaneously. The fuel and the fireproof isolation belt can be fixed on the fiber board, and the external surface fire spreading fireproof isolation rule is researched;
the main body of the fume collecting hood 9 is provided with a high-power fume extractor and a power regulator, acquires data such as combustion gas products, temperature, flow and fume concentration through a gas acquisition and analysis system 10 connected with an air duct pipeline, is in communication connection with a gas analyzer and a data acquisition instrument through connected pipelines, analyzes the data, obtains the real-time generation rate of toxic and harmful gases after combustion, and can measure the combustion heat;
the data acquisition system comprises a total heat flow meter, a radiant heat flow meter and a thermocouple which are arranged in a reserved hole, and two high-speed cameras 7 and two infrared cameras 8 which are respectively arranged in front of an experiment frame and on a side vertical surface, wherein the former can meet the recording of experiment videos in an experiment, particularly the flame position and the flame shape, and can capture the flame sudden change moment and the discontinuous ignition moment, and the latter can obtain the temperature instantaneous distribution map of the front vertical surface and the side vertical surface.
The embodiment of the invention provides a set of multifunctional large-scale experiment device for fire spreading prevention and control and separation on a vertical surface, and takes a research experiment of setting a width rule of a fireproof isolation belt of a building external wall heat-insulating curtain wall as an example to research the influence of different materials, different heights and different thicknesses of the fireproof isolation belt on the fireproof separation. The experimental process mainly comprises the following steps:
1. preparation before experiment
Before the experiment begins, the corresponding arrangement is carried out according to the experimental working condition. In order to explore the behavior rule of the width of the fireproof isolation belt on the fire spreading prevention, control and obstruction of the insulation board, a PS insulation board is arranged on a ceramic fiber board of an experiment frame, and the insulation board is 1.2m long, 1m high and 5cm thick; the heat insulation material is selected from an aluminum silicate plate, a ceramic fiber plate and inorganic heat insulation mortar, the length is 1.2m, the thickness is selected from 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50cm, and the height is selected from 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm; the PS insulation board and the fireproof isolation belt are arranged in a crossed mode.
And adjusting the power of a fan and calibrating a gas analyzer, calibrating a thermocouple and a heat flow meter for an experiment, and arranging the thermocouple, a total heat flow meter and a radiant heat flow meter on a preset hole.
And checking the camera and the infrared camera, and fixing the function of the image acquisition system.
2. Development of experiments
And starting the fan, the gas analysis system, the temperature acquisition system and the image acquisition system, and igniting the lower edge of the PS insulation board by adopting a linear igniter. And observing and recording phenomena and rules in the experiment development process, monitoring each data acquisition information, and taking measures to deal with the emergency situation at any time.
3. After the experiment
And after the combustion is stopped, closing the temperature acquisition system and the image acquisition system, closing the gas analyzer when the concentration of each gas is recovered to a normal value, and acquiring the data acquired by each system for analysis and processing.
And treating the combustion residues when the experimental device is recovered to about room temperature, and cleaning the experimental device.
The scheme of the embodiment of the invention adopts a large-scale experimental model, analyzes the parameter change rule in the vertical fire spreading prevention and control barrier experiment, explores the influence rule of the height and the width of the fireproof isolation strip, and has the following characteristics:
1. the limit of comparatively common small-scale combustion experiments in fire scientific research is effectively avoided, large-scale discontinuous medium combustion experiments can be developed through the experimental device, the development law of building facade fires is better simulated, the high-rise building facade prevention and control blocking technology is researched, a large amount of effective experimental data such as temperature, heat flow, HRR and gas concentrations are rapidly, conveniently, accurately and efficiently acquired, and the precious working time and energy of scientific research personnel are greatly saved.
2. The experiment development method is simple to implement, has low requirements on the professional level of a user, basically belongs to basic simple operation, can obtain accurate and understandable processing results by adopting the method even if complex and complicated fire prevention and control technologies are not well known, can greatly reduce the learning cost of users, and has strong practicability and wide application.
3. The experimental device has multiple functions, can realize multiple simulation experiments, explores the influence rules of various barrier technologies, compares the influence rules with each other, obtains data results with rich types, trueness and reliability, and facilitates the reprocessing of data by operators.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus of multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation which characterized in that: the device comprises an experiment testing system and a data acquisition system, wherein the experiment testing system comprises an experiment frame (2), universal wheels (1), a smoke collecting hood (9), a heat insulating material (3) and a fireproof isolation belt (5); the data acquisition system comprises a thermocouple arranged in a thermocouple preset hole (6), a total heat flow meter and a radiant heat flow meter arranged in a heat flow meter hole (4), a gas acquisition and analysis system (10), a high-speed camera (7) and an infrared camera (8); wherein:
four universal wheels (1) are arranged at the lower part of the main body of the experiment frame (2);
the frame of the experimental frame (2) is constructed by taking a high-temperature-resistant steel section as a framework and filling an aluminum silicate ceramic fiber plate in the middle;
the main body of the fume collecting hood (9) is provided with a high-power fume extractor and a power regulator, and the main body analyzes the combustion gas products and the concentration of the fume through a gas collecting and analyzing system (10) connected with an air duct pipeline;
the temperature measuring system and the heat flow measuring system refer to a thermocouple tree arranged in a preset thermocouple hole, and the heat flow measuring system refers to a total heat flow meter and a radiant heat flow meter arranged in a preset hole;
the image acquisition system comprises two high-speed cameras (7) and an infrared camera (8) which are respectively arranged on the front surface and the side surface of the experimental device.
2. The experimental facility for multifunctional large-scale facade fire propagation prevention and control barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steel structure experiment frame (2) is characterized in that the main body size is 2.0m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 4.7m, the wall thickness is 15cm, the steel structure experiment frame is made of steel section materials, and an aluminum silicate ceramic fiber plate is filled in the middle of an inner frame to serve as an experiment supporting material.
3. The experimental facility for multifunctional large-scale facade fire propagation prevention and control barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the size of the fume collecting hood (9) is 6m multiplied by 6 m.
4. The experimental facility for multifunctional large-scale facade fire propagation prevention and control barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gas collection and analysis system (10) is designed and constructed strictly according to the international standard of ISO 9705.
5. The experimental facility for multifunctional large-scale facade fire propagation prevention and control barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the barrier prevention and control technology is not limited to the geometric dimension and the material of the fireproof isolation belt, and other facade fire prevention and control technologies such as water spraying and the like can be adopted for research.
6. The experimental facility for multifunctional large-scale facade fire propagation prevention and control barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: four universal wheels (1) are arranged on the lower portion of the experiment frame main body, so that the experiment device can be moved conveniently, and the wheels can be locked to fix the experiment device main body.
7. The experimental facility for multifunctional large-scale facade fire propagation prevention and control barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: experiment frame (2) outside frame establish by high temperature resistant steel section bar, pack aluminium silicate ceramic fiber board in the middle of the frame and as experimental material supporting material, preset heat flow meter installation hole and thermocouple hole on the fiberboard, direction of height and width direction are provided with the scale plate simultaneously, can fix fuel and fire prevention median on the fiberboard, research to external face fire spreading fire prevention separation rule.
8. The experimental facility for multifunctional large-scale facade fire propagation prevention and control barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the collection petticoat pipe (9) main part have high-power fume extractor and power modulator to gas acquisition system (10) through connecting the wind channel pipeline are gathered to combustion gas product, temperature, flow and flue gas concentration data, carry out communication connection through pipeline and gas analysis appearance and data acquisition appearance that link to each other, analyze data, acquire the real-time rate of generating of poisonous and harmful gas after the burning, can measure to the heat of combustion simultaneously.
9. The experimental facility for multifunctional large-scale facade fire propagation prevention and control barrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition system comprises a total heat flow meter, a radiant heat flow meter and a thermocouple which are arranged in a reserved hole, and two high-speed cameras (7) and two infrared cameras (8) which are respectively arranged in front of an experiment frame and on a side vertical surface, wherein the high-speed cameras can meet the recording of experiment videos in experiments, particularly the flame position and the flame shape, and can capture the instant flame mutation and the instant non-continuous ignition shape, and the infrared cameras can obtain the instant temperature distribution maps of the front vertical surface and the side vertical surface.
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| CN113624907A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学技术大学 | Ignition experiment simulation device |
| CN113916292A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-01-11 | 中国科学技术大学 | Full-size house fire behavior measurement system and test method |
| CN114137145A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-04 | 国消(天津)检测技术有限公司 | Fire test device and method for external curtain wall system |
| CN114858962A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-05 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Device for testing fire resistance of fireproof plugging material and using method thereof |
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