CN112697666B - Water body heavy metal detector and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Water body heavy metal detector and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112697666B CN112697666B CN202011562448.4A CN202011562448A CN112697666B CN 112697666 B CN112697666 B CN 112697666B CN 202011562448 A CN202011562448 A CN 202011562448A CN 112697666 B CN112697666 B CN 112697666B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0637—Moving support
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/405—Concentrating samples by adsorption or absorption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a water body heavy metal detector, which comprises a floating block, a flow stabilizing plate, a vertical slide rail, a slide block and a sampling piece, wherein the floating block is arranged on the bottom of the vertical slide rail; the floating block is of a hollow cylindrical structure; the flow stabilizer is of an arc or wave structure and is fixed on one side of the floating block; the inner cavity of the floating block is connected with a plurality of symmetrical vertical slide rails, each vertical slide rail is provided with a slide block, and the slide blocks and a clamp are connected through a tightening force adjusting device; each clamp clamps the edge part of the sampling piece, and the clamps are connected in sequence through the connecting support rod; the slide block drives the sampling piece to move along the vertical direction of the vertical slide rail; one side that the water layer was kept away from to the piece of taking a sample is provided with a plurality of dovetail grooves, and the dovetail groove is embedded to have a plurality of adsorption test paper, and the adsorption test paper is range upon range of the setting. The invention is used for detecting the heavy metal ions enriched in a certain depth range of the water body, provides a relatively stable detection water surface for the interior of the floating block through the stabilizing plate, eliminates the influence of wave crests and wave troughs caused by the flow of the water body, and reduces the influence on the detection depth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water body heavy metal detection or the technical field of environment monitoring, in particular to a water body heavy metal detector and a detection method thereof.
Background
Industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and other wastes enter water bodies such as rivers, lakes and seas and exceed the pollution caused by the self-purification capacity of the water bodies, which can cause the change of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water bodies, thereby affecting the utilization value of water, harming human health or destroying ecological environment and causing the phenomenon of water quality deterioration.
Traditional water heavy metal sampling test device carries inconveniently, and the size is great, needs to cooperate the analytical instrument of high accuracy to use, and complex operation uses the trouble, and traditional heavy metal sampling test is not through the range upon range of adsorption test paper of multilayer to the water heavy metal sampling test of degree of depth within range, can't realize the gradient and adsorb.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides the water body heavy metal detector.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a water body heavy metal detector comprises a floating block, a flow stabilizing plate, a vertical slide rail, a slide block and a sampling piece, and is characterized in that the floating block is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and the sampling piece is a disc-shaped filter screen;
the flow stabilizing plate is of an arc or wave structure and is fixed on one side of the floating block;
the inner cavity of the floating block is connected with a plurality of symmetrical vertical slide rails, each vertical slide rail is provided with a slide block, and the slide blocks and a clamp are connected through a tightening force adjusting device; each clamp clamps the edge part of the sampling piece, and the clamps are connected in sequence through connecting support rods; the slide block drives the sampling piece to move along the vertical direction of the vertical slide rail;
one side that the water layer was kept away from to the piece of getting is provided with a plurality of dovetail grooves, a plurality of adsorption test paper are inlayed in the dovetail groove, the range upon range of setting of adsorption test paper, the adsorption test paper with the size phase-match in dovetail groove.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption test paper stacked in the trapezoidal groove has a diameter that is increased from top to bottom, and the size of adsorbed particles is decreased.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floating block floats on the surface layer of the water body, and the height difference between the sinking height of the floating block and the horizontal plane is-15 cm to-12 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the height difference between the sinking height of the sampling piece and the horizontal plane is controlled to be-12 mm-2 mm by adjusting the vertical distance of the slide block moving on the slide rail.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between adjacent vertical sliding rails is greater than the diameter of the sampling member, so as to facilitate the mounting of the sampling member on the sliding block.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a water depth probe is further disposed on an inner wall of the floating block, and a water depth sensor is mounted on the water depth probe for detecting a height difference between a sinking height of the floating block and the sampling member and a horizontal plane.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc-shaped or wave-shaped inner surface of the stabilizer plate is provided with a plurality of flow guiding grooves.
The invention also provides a detection method of the water body heavy metal detector, which comprises the following steps:
s1, clamping the edge part of a sampling piece with the clamp, adjusting the tightening force of the surface of the sampling piece through a tightening force adjusting device, and placing the sampling piece at the bottommost end of a vertical sliding rail;
s2, slowly placing the detector in the water body, enabling the whole detector to float in the water body through the floating block, keeping the height difference between the sinking height of the floating block and the horizontal plane between-15 cm and-12 cm, and stabilizing the fluctuation of water flow through the flow stabilizing plate;
s3, when the water body is basically stable, the slide block drives the sampling piece to vertically move upwards along the vertical slide rail, so that the sampling piece moves to a position 2mm above the horizontal plane from a sinking height of-12 mm;
and S4, sequentially taking the adsorption test paper from the trapezoidal groove, detecting the size and concentration of heavy metal particles adsorbed by each adsorption test paper, and analyzing the water body.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the process of the vertical upward movement of the sampling member, heavy metals in the water body continuously enter the surface of the sampling member and the trapezoidal groove through the pores of the sampling member, the more the sampling member moves upward, the more heavy metal particles are enriched in the adsorption test paper at the top of the trapezoidal groove, and after the sampling member moves to a position above the horizontal plane and stands still for a period of time, different particles are gradually adsorbed downwards due to the chromatography action.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, sampling and detection in steps S1-S4 are carried out on different areas of the same river channel, the adsorption test paper for each detection is sequentially taken down, the size and concentration of heavy metal particles adsorbed by each adsorption test paper are detected, and the heavy metal in the depth range in the area is subjected to big data analysis by using a sample estimation algorithm according to different groups of detection results, so that the heavy metal concentration in the depth range in the whole river channel is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tightening force adjusting device is an expansion piece, and one end of the expansion piece is fixedly connected to the clamp.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, different tightening forces are achieved by adjusting the length of contraction of the retractor.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the slide block is driven by a built-in micro motor, and the micro motor is also connected with a micro shock absorber.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention is used for detecting a large amount of heavy metal ions enriched in a water body within a certain depth range, provides a relatively stable detection water surface for the interior of the floating block through the arc-shaped or wave-shaped structure of the flow stabilizing plate, eliminates the influence of wave crests and wave troughs caused by the flow of the water body, samples and detects a certain area, avoids omission, reduces the influence on the detection depth, and is more accurate in sampling and detection.
(2) According to the invention, the plurality of flow guide grooves are formed in the arc-shaped inner surface or the wave-shaped inner surface of the flow stabilizing plate, the fluctuating water flow impacts the flow guide grooves in the inner surface of the flow stabilizing plate to consume the energy of the water flow, and the flow guide grooves guide the fluctuating water flow to ensure that the water flow in a certain depth area behind the flow stabilizing plate is stable, ensure that the water flow in the water body in the floating block is basically stable in the depth range, and improve the sampling and detection accuracy.
(3) A plurality of adsorption test paper are embedded in the trapezoidal groove, the adsorption test paper is arranged in a stacked mode, the diameters of the adsorption test paper are increased from top to bottom, and the sizes of adsorbed particles are decreased sequentially. The design ensures that heavy metal particles enriched in the trapezoid-shaped groove from top to bottom are gradually reduced, heavy metals in a water body continuously enter the surface of the sampling part and the trapezoid-shaped groove through the pores of the sampling part in the vertical upward movement process of the sampling part, and after the heavy metals move to the upper part of a horizontal plane and stand for a period of time, different particles are gradually adsorbed due to the downward chromatographic action, so that gradient adsorption is formed, and the detection accuracy is ensured.
(4) The floating block floats on the surface layer of the water body, the height difference between the sinking height of the floating block and the horizontal plane is-15 cm-5 cm, the vertical distance of the sliding block moving on the sliding rail is adjusted, the height difference between the sinking height of the sampling piece and the horizontal plane is controlled to be-12 mm-2 mm, and the heavy metal detection of the water body at a certain depth in the floating block area by the sampling piece is realized.
(5) According to the invention, different areas of the same river channel are sampled and detected, the adsorption test paper for each detection is sequentially taken down, the size and the concentration of heavy metal particles adsorbed by each adsorption test paper are detected, and the heavy metal in the depth range in the areas is subjected to big data analysis by using a sample estimation method through different groups of detection results, so that the heavy metal concentration in the depth range in the whole river channel is obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts;
FIG. 1 is a perspective block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another block diagram of the stabilizer plate according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vertical slide and slide of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a sampling member according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the water depth probe according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 100. floating blocks; 110. a water depth probe; 200. a flow stabilizer; 210. a flow guide groove;
300. a vertical slide rail; 310. a slider; 320. a tension force adjusting device; 330. a clamp; 340. connecting a support rod;
400. sampling; 410. a trapezoidal groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific cases.
As shown in fig. 1, a water body heavy metal detector comprises a floating block 100, a flow stabilizing plate 200, a vertical slide rail 300, a slide block 310 and a sampling member 400, and is characterized in that the floating block 100 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the sampling member 400 is a disc-shaped filter screen;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the flow stabilizer 200 has an arc or wave structure, the arc or wave inner surface of the flow stabilizer 200 is provided with a plurality of guide grooves 210, and the flow stabilizer 200 is fixed to one side of the floating block 100. According to the invention, the plurality of flow guide grooves 210 are formed in the arc-shaped inner surface or the wave-shaped inner surface of the flow stabilizing plate 200, the fluctuating water flow impacts the flow guide grooves 210 on the inner surface of the flow stabilizing plate 200 to consume the energy of the water flow, and the flow guide grooves 210 guide the fluctuating water flow, so that the water flow in a certain depth area behind the flow stabilizing plate 200 is ensured to be stable, the water body in the floating block 100 is ensured to be basically stable in the depth range, and the sampling and detection accuracy is improved.
As shown in fig. 3, the inner cavity of the floating block 100 is connected with a plurality of symmetrical vertical sliding rails 300, each vertical sliding rail 300 is provided with a sliding block 310, and the sliding block 310 and a clamp 330 are connected through a tightening force adjusting device 320; each of the grippers 330 grips the edge portion of the sampling member 400, and each of the grippers 330 is connected to each other by a connecting rod 340 in sequence to ensure that all the sliders 310 move simultaneously. The slider 310 drives the sampling member 400 to move along the vertical direction of the vertical slide rail 300. The distance between the adjacent vertical slide rails 300 is greater than the diameter of the sampling member 400 to facilitate the mounting of the sampling member 400 on the slider 310. The tightening force adjusting device 320 is an expansion piece, one end of which is fixedly connected to the clamp 330, and the contraction length of the expansion piece is adjusted to achieve different tightening forces.
The slider 310 is driven by a built-in micro motor, and the micro motor is further connected with a micro damper.
As shown in fig. 4, a plurality of trapezoidal grooves 410 are formed in one side of the sampling member 400 away from the water layer, a plurality of adsorption test paper is embedded in the trapezoidal grooves 410, the adsorption test paper is stacked, and the size of the adsorption test paper is matched with that of the trapezoidal grooves 410. The adsorption test paper stacked in the trapezoidal groove 410 is sequentially increased in diameter from top to bottom, and the size of adsorbed particles is sequentially decreased. A plurality of adsorption test paper are embedded in the trapezoid-shaped groove 410, the adsorption test paper is arranged in a stacked mode, the diameter of the adsorption test paper is increased from top to bottom, and the size of adsorbed particles is decreased sequentially. The design ensures that heavy metal particles enriched in the trapezoid groove 410 from top to bottom in sequence are gradually reduced, in the vertical upward movement process of the sampling part 400, heavy metals in a water body continuously enter the surface of the sampling part 400 and the trapezoid groove 410 through the pores of the sampling part 400, and after the heavy metals move to the position above a horizontal plane and are kept still for a period of time, different particles are gradually adsorbed due to the chromatography effect downwards, so that gradient adsorption is formed, and the detection accuracy is ensured.
As shown in fig. 5, a water depth probe 110 is further disposed on the inner wall of the float block 100, and carries a water depth sensor for detecting a height difference between the sinking height of the float block 100 and the sampling member 400 and the horizontal plane.
According to the invention, the floating block 100 floats on the surface layer of the water body, the height difference between the sinking height of the floating block 100 and the horizontal plane is-15 cm-5 cm, and the height difference between the sinking height of the sampling piece 400 and the horizontal plane is controlled to be-12 mm-2 mm by adjusting the vertical distance of the sliding block 310 moving on the sliding rail, so that the sampling piece 400 can detect the heavy metal in the water body with a certain depth in the area of the floating block 100.
The invention is used for detecting a large amount of heavy metal ions enriched in a certain depth range of a water body, provides a relatively stable detection water surface for the interior of the floating block 100 through the arc-shaped or wave-shaped structure of the stabilizing plate 200, eliminates the influence of wave crests and wave troughs caused by the flow of the water body, samples and detects a certain area, avoids omission, reduces the influence on the detection depth, and is more accurate in sampling and detection.
The invention also provides a detection method of the water body heavy metal detector, which comprises the following steps:
s1, clamping the edge part of a sampling piece 400 with a clamp 330, adjusting the tightening force of the surface of the sampling piece 400 through a tightening force adjusting device 320, and placing the sampling piece 400 at the bottommost end of a vertical slide rail 300;
s2, slowly placing the detector in a water body, enabling the whole detector to float in the water body through the floating block 100, keeping the height difference between the sinking height of the floating block 100 and the horizontal plane between-15 cm and-12 cm, and meanwhile stabilizing the fluctuation of water flow through the flow stabilizing plate 200;
s3, when the water body is basically stable, the sliding block 310 drives the sampling piece 400 to vertically move upwards along the vertical sliding rail 300, so that the sampling piece 400 moves to a position 2mm above the horizontal plane from a sinking height of-12 mm;
s4, sequentially taking down the adsorption test paper from the trapezoidal groove 410, detecting the size and concentration of heavy metal particles adsorbed by each adsorption test paper, and analyzing the water body;
s5, sampling and detecting in the steps S1-S4 are carried out on different areas of the same river channel, the adsorption test paper detected each time is sequentially taken down, the size and the concentration of heavy metal particles adsorbed by each adsorption test paper are detected, and large data analysis is carried out on heavy metals in the depth range in the areas through different groups of detection results by using a sample estimation algorithm to obtain the heavy metal concentration in the depth range in the whole river channel.
In the vertical upward movement's of sample piece 400 in-process, the heavy metal in the water constantly enters into the surface and the dovetail groove 410 of sample piece 400 through the hole of sample piece 400, and sample piece 400 moves up more, and the more heavy metal granule of the adsorption test paper enrichment at dovetail groove 410 top, after moving to the horizontal plane top and stewing for a period, different granules are adsorbed because chromatography is downwards gradually.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A water body heavy metal detector comprises a floating block, a flow stabilizing plate, a vertical slide rail, a slide block and a sampling piece, and is characterized in that the floating block is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and the sampling piece is a disc-shaped filter screen;
the flow stabilizing plate is of an arc or wave structure and is fixed on one side of the floating block;
the inner cavity of the floating block is connected with a plurality of symmetrical vertical slide rails, each vertical slide rail is provided with a slide block, and the slide blocks and a clamp are connected through a tightening force adjusting device; each clamp clamps the edge part of the sampling piece, and the clamps are connected in sequence through a connecting support rod; the slide block drives the sampling piece to move along the vertical direction of the vertical slide rail;
a plurality of trapezoidal grooves are formed in one side, away from the water layer, of the sampling piece, a plurality of adsorption test paper are embedded in each trapezoidal groove and are arranged in a stacked mode, and the adsorption test paper is matched with the trapezoidal grooves in size;
the adsorption test paper stacked in the trapezoid groove is sequentially increased in diameter from top to bottom, and the size of adsorbed particles is sequentially reduced.
2. The detector for detecting the heavy metals in the water body according to claim 1, wherein: the floating block floats on the surface layer of the water body, and the height difference between the sinking height of the floating block and the horizontal plane is-15 cm to-12 cm.
3. The detector for heavy metals in water body according to claim 1, wherein: and controlling the height difference between the sinking height of the sampling piece and the horizontal plane to be-12-2 mm by adjusting the vertical distance of the sliding block moving on the sliding rail.
4. The detector for heavy metals in water body according to claim 1, wherein: and the distance between the adjacent vertical sliding rails is greater than the diameter of the sampling piece, so that the sampling piece is conveniently arranged on the sliding block.
5. The detector for heavy metals in water body according to claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the floating block is also provided with a water depth probe which carries a water depth sensor and is used for detecting the height difference between the sinking height of the floating block and the horizontal plane of the sampling piece.
6. The detector for heavy metals in water body according to claim 1, wherein: the arc-shaped or wave-shaped inner surface of the flow stabilizing plate is provided with a plurality of flow guide grooves.
7. The detection method of the water body heavy metal detector based on any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, clamping the edge part of a sampling piece with the clamp, adjusting the tightening force of the surface of the sampling piece through a tightening force adjusting device, and placing the sampling piece at the bottommost end of a vertical sliding rail;
s2, slowly placing the detector in the water body, enabling the whole detector to float in the water body through the floating block, keeping the height difference between the sinking height of the floating block and the horizontal plane between-15 cm and-12 cm, and stabilizing the fluctuation of water flow through the flow stabilizing plate;
s3, when the water body is basically stable, the slide block drives the sampling piece to vertically move upwards along the vertical slide rail, so that the sampling piece moves to a position 2mm above the horizontal plane from a sinking height of-12 mm;
and S4, sequentially taking the adsorption test paper from the trapezoidal groove, detecting the size and concentration of heavy metal particles adsorbed by each adsorption test paper, and performing water body analysis.
8. The detection method of the water body heavy metal detector according to claim 7, characterized in that: at the vertical upward movement's of sample piece in-process, the heavy metal in the water constantly enters into the surface and the dovetail groove of sample piece through the hole of sample piece, and the more upward movement of sample piece, the more heavy metal granule of the adsorption test paper enrichment at dovetail groove top, after moving to the horizontal plane top and stewing a period, different granules are adsorbed because the chromatography is downwards gradually.
9. The detection method of the water body heavy metal detector according to claim 7, characterized in that: sampling and detecting in the steps S1-S4 are carried out on different areas of the same river channel, the adsorption test paper detected each time is sequentially taken down, the size and the concentration of heavy metal particles adsorbed by each adsorption test paper are detected, and large data analysis is carried out on heavy metals in the depth range in the area by using a sample estimation method through different groups of detection results, so that the heavy metal concentration in the depth range in the whole river channel is obtained.
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