CN112697638A - Automatic continuous dynamic measurement system and method for in-situ shrub transpiration amount - Google Patents
Automatic continuous dynamic measurement system and method for in-situ shrub transpiration amount Download PDFInfo
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- CN112697638A CN112697638A CN202110028660.0A CN202110028660A CN112697638A CN 112697638 A CN112697638 A CN 112697638A CN 202110028660 A CN202110028660 A CN 202110028660A CN 112697638 A CN112697638 A CN 112697638A
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- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
- G01F11/10—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation
- G01F11/26—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation wherein the measuring chamber is filled and emptied by tilting or inverting the supply vessel, e.g. bottle-emptying apparatus
- G01F11/262—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation wherein the measuring chamber is filled and emptied by tilting or inverting the supply vessel, e.g. bottle-emptying apparatus for liquid or semi-liquid
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of shrub transpiration measurement, and discloses an automatic continuous dynamic measurement system and method for in-situ shrub transpiration. The invention can measure the transpiration amount of the shrub in situ without damaging the plant; the transpiration of the whole shrub plant can be dynamically monitored, and meanwhile, the infiltration amount of rainfall after passing through the soil can be measured; the plant transpiration amount or the plant and soil transpiration amount can be flexibly selected and measured by whether a cylinder cover in the measuring device is added or not; the instrument cost is much lower than the wrapped tree trunk liquid flow meter, and the maintenance cost is much lower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shrub transpiration measurement, and particularly relates to an automatic continuous dynamic measurement system and method for in-situ shrub transpiration.
Background
At present: the conventional method for measuring the transpiration amount of the whole shrub mainly comprises the following steps: the packaging type trunk liquid flow instrument based on the thermal diffusion technology is expensive; or the transpiration amount of the whole shrub is calculated by adopting pruning or an in vitro weighing method for leaves, and the method has large error, consumes time and labor.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
the existing measuring method for the whole plant transpiration amount of shrubs is high in cost, large in error, time-consuming and labor-consuming.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the problem of high price of the whole shrub transpiration amount measured by a packaged trunk liquid flow meter based on a thermal diffusion technology is solved, and the cost of the instrument can be greatly reduced by using materials, a double-layer cylinder with a simple structure, a common electronic scale in the market and a data acquisition system and a power supply system. The problem of discontinuity is solved by measuring the transpiration of the whole shrub through the method, the problem of large error of measuring and calculating the transpiration of the whole shrub through a pruning or leaf separation weighing method is solved, and the data acquisition and power supply system also solves the problems of discontinuity in measurement through the pruning or leaf separation weighing method and the need of manual timing sampling. The difficulty in solving these problems is the accuracy of measurement, and the invention solves the problems by measuring the moisture components (surface runoff, infiltration and soil plant moisture variation) of the system.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the cost of measuring equipment is greatly reduced, the measuring precision is ensured, the continuity and the timeliness of measurement are realized, manual sampling and manual observation are not needed, the labor consumption is reduced, and a plurality of variables such as the local (the inner surface of the cylinder) earth surface runoff, the soil moisture infiltration quantity, the shrub transpiration quantity, the shrub soil evapotranspiration quantity and the like can be synchronously measured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic continuous dynamic measurement system and method for in-situ shrub transpiration.
The invention is realized in such a way that an automatic continuous dynamic measuring system for the transpiration quantity of in-situ shrubs comprises:
the double-layer cylinder is used for separating the inner cylinder from surrounding soil, and accommodating complete shrub plants and soil columns wrapping root systems of the shrub plants;
the weight detection module is used for detecting the weight of soil and shrub plants in the double-layer cylinder through the electronic scale;
the water seepage flow detection module is used for detecting the rainfall infiltration amount after passing through the soil through the tipping bucket type flowmeter;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring detection data of the electronic scale and the skip bucket flowmeter through the data acquisition system;
and the power supply module is used for acquiring power through the solar power supply system and providing electric energy for the whole system.
Further, the double-layer cylinder comprises an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder;
the electronic scale is placed at the lower end of the inner barrel, and the outer barrel is sleeved on the outer sides of the inner barrel and the electronic scale
Further, the side face of the upper end of the inner barrel is communicated with a surface runoff drain pipe, the surface runoff drain pipe is communicated with the tipping bucket type flowmeter, the side face of the lower end of the inner barrel is communicated with a soil seepage water drain pipe, and the outer end of the soil seepage water drain pipe is communicated with the tipping bucket type flowmeter.
Further, the inner barrel upper end integration is provided with the inner barrel eaves of eaves column structure, inner barrel eaves width is greater than the interval between inner barrel and the urceolus, inner barrel eaves outer end downward sloping.
Further, the upper end cover of the inner cylinder is provided with a cylinder cover, and the cylinder cover is integrally in a circular truncated cone shape with a high middle part and a low periphery and is formed by splicing and installing a left block and a right block.
Furthermore, a plurality of circles of water inlet grooves slightly recessed are arranged on the barrel cover, holes are formed in the water inlet grooves, and a scattering plate used for intercepting soil evaporation water from scattering upwards a small amount through the water inlet groove holes is arranged on the upper side of the water inlet grooves.
Further, the center of the cylinder cover is a silica gel circular ring, and a cross-shaped opening is formed in the center of the silica gel circular ring.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic continuous dynamic measurement method for in situ shrub transpiration amount, comprising:
firstly, filling complete shrub plants and soil columns wrapping root systems of the shrub plants through an inner cylinder, and isolating the inner cylinder from surrounding soil through an outer cylinder to protect an electronic scale in the cylinder;
step two, after precipitation enters the inner barrel, when the precipitation rate is higher than the soil infiltration rate and surface runoff is generated, the generated surface runoff is smoothly discharged through a surface runoff drainage pipe and is introduced into a skip bucket type flowmeter so as to measure the surface runoff of the inner surface of the barrel;
thirdly, after the rainfall absorbs a certain amount of water through the soil, the rainfall infiltrates through soil pores to form longitudinal interflow, and the infiltration water passing through a certain soil depth flows into the skip bucket type flowmeter to measure the infiltration water amount of the part;
and fourthly, monitoring the weight change of the shrub plants and the soil in the inner barrel in real time through the electronic scale, and acquiring and recording the monitoring numerical value of the electronic scale and the acquired numerical value of the tipping bucket flowmeter through a data acquisition system.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention can measure the transpiration amount of the shrub in situ without damaging the plant;
2. the invention can dynamically monitor the transpiration amount of the whole shrub and can measure the infiltration amount of rainfall after passing through the soil;
3. the invention can flexibly select and measure the plant transpiration amount or the transpiration amount of the plant and the soil (namely the sum of the plant transpiration amount of the shrub and the soil transpiration amount) by whether a cylinder cover in the measuring device is added or not.
4. The invention is assembled by a double-layer cylinder body, a cylinder cover, an electronic scale, a tipping bucket type rain gauge, a data acquisition system and a power supply system, the instrument cost is much lower than that of a wrapping type tree trunk liquid flow meter, and the maintenance cost is much lower.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic continuous dynamic measurement system for in-situ shrub transpiration provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-layer cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner barrel eave provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cartridge cover according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the water flow of the water inlet tank and the diffusion blocking structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a double-layer cylinder body; 2. an electronic scale; 3. a skip bucket flow meter; 4. a data acquisition system; 5. a power supply system; 6. an outer cylinder; 7. an inner barrel; 8. a surface runoff drainage pipe; 9. a soil infiltration drainage tube; 10. an inner barrel brim; 11. a cylinder cover; 12. a silica gel ring; 13. a diffusion barrier.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of an automatic continuous dynamic measurement method for in-situ shrub transpiration provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic continuous dynamic measurement system and method for in-situ shrub transpiration, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the automatic continuous dynamic measurement system for in-situ shrub transpiration provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a double-layer cylinder 1, an electronic scale 2, a skip-bucket type flowmeter 3, a data acquisition system 4 and a power supply system 5: the solar energy power generation system comprises a solar panel, a controller, a storage battery, a cable and the like.
Wherein the double-layer cylinder 1 is the main part of the invention. The double-layer barrel 1 consists of an outer barrel 6, an inner barrel 7, a surface runoff drain pipe 8, a soil seepage drain pipe 9, an inner barrel brim 10 and a barrel cover 11.
Wherein:
1. the outer cylinder 6 is used for separating the inner cylinder from surrounding soil and protecting the electronic scale in the cylinder.
2. The inner barrel 7 is used for containing complete shrub plants and soil columns wrapping the root systems of the shrub plants.
3. And the surface runoff drainage pipe 8 is used for smoothly discharging the generated surface runoff water when the precipitation rate is higher than the soil infiltration rate and the surface runoff is generated after the precipitation enters the inner barrel so as to avoid surface water collection and soil over-wetting and change plant transpiration under the natural state.
4. The soil infiltration drainage tube 9 is used for infiltrating the rainfall through soil pores after the rainfall absorbs a certain amount of moisture, forming longitudinal interflow flow, and guiding the infiltration water passing through a certain soil depth (the height of a soil body in the inner cylinder) into the flowmeter so as to measure the infiltration water amount of the part.
5. The inner cylinder eave 10 is an upper edge eave-shaped structure of the inner cylinder, and the details are shown in the figure. Its width is greater than the interval between the inside and outside to, and its outside downward sloping can guarantee that the rainwater flows the outer earth's surface of barrel along the eaves face, can get into between the interior urceolus moreover, avoids the electronic scale under the urceolus to be soaked by the water logging.
6. The cylinder cover 11 is in a circular truncated cone shape with a high middle and a low periphery and is formed by splicing and installing a left block and a right block. Go up to open many rings of annular grooves, open the aperture in the groove, there is the eaves that prevents and reduce the evaporation of water and scatter and disappear above the groove, and the eaves slightly downward slopes. The center of the cylinder cover is a silica gel circular ring 12, and the center of the ring is a cross opening.
(1) The water inlet blocking and dispersing structure of the cylinder cover is shown in figure 4. The barrel cover is provided with a plurality of circles of water inlet grooves which are slightly concave, and holes are formed in the grooves. The water is prevented from evaporating from the soil and flows upwards through the water inlet slot holes in a small amount above the slot, and after meeting the diffusion barrier 13, the water is condensed into water drops, as shown in fig. 5, the water drops can be dripped onto the cover along the inclined planes at the two sides and flows back into the barrel along the water inlet slot and the holes again, so that the accurate measurement of the evaporation loss of the soil water to the shrub transpiration amount is greatly reduced.
(2) The cylinder cover is of a silica gel circular ring structure. The silica gel circular ring at the center of the cylinder cover is positioned at the center of the top of the cylinder cover, and the middle of the silica gel circular ring is provided with a cross-shaped notch. The silica gel ring is used for shrub trunks to penetrate through the cylinder cover, and the cross-shaped incision structure is beneficial to the trunks to penetrate through and can tightly wrap the trunks, so that the loss of soil evaporation water is reduced, and the accuracy of a measuring result is improved. On the other hand, the soft and elastic silica gel material does not damage the trunk, and the silica gel ring has larger capacity along with the thickening of the shrub trunk, and the cylinder cover does not need to be frequently replaced along with the thickening of the shrub trunk.
As shown in fig. 6, the method for automatically and continuously measuring the transpiration amount of in-situ shrub provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, filling complete shrub plants and soil columns wrapping root systems of the shrub plants through an inner cylinder, and isolating the inner cylinder from surrounding soil through an outer cylinder to protect an electronic scale in the cylinder;
s102, after precipitation enters the inner barrel, when the precipitation rate is higher than the soil infiltration rate and surface runoff is generated, smoothly discharging the generated surface runoff water through a surface runoff drainage pipe; introducing a tipping bucket type flowmeter to measure the surface radial flow in the cylinder;
s103, allowing the precipitation to absorb a certain amount of water through soil, allowing the precipitation to infiltrate through soil pores to form longitudinal interflow, and introducing the infiltration water passing through a certain soil depth into a skip bucket type flowmeter to measure the infiltration water amount of the part;
and S104, monitoring the weight change of the shrub plants and the soil in the inner barrel in real time through the electronic scale, and acquiring and recording the monitoring numerical value of the electronic scale and the acquired numerical value of the tipping bucket flowmeter through a data acquisition system.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An automatic continuous dynamic measurement system for in-situ shrub transpiration, characterized in that the automatic continuous dynamic measurement system for in-situ shrub transpiration comprises:
the double-layer cylinder is used for separating the inner cylinder from surrounding soil, and accommodating complete shrub plants and soil columns wrapping root systems of the shrub plants;
the weight detection module is used for detecting the weight of soil and shrub plants in the double-layer cylinder through the electronic scale;
the water seepage flow detection module is used for detecting the rainfall infiltration amount after passing through the soil through the tipping bucket type flowmeter;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring detection data of the electronic scale and the skip bucket flowmeter through the data acquisition system;
and the power supply module is used for acquiring power through the solar power supply system and providing electric energy for the whole system.
2. The automatic, continuous, dynamic measurement system for in situ shrub transpiration as in claim 1, wherein the double-layered cartridge comprises an outer cartridge and an inner cartridge;
the electronic scale is placed at the lower end of the inner barrel, and the outer barrel is sleeved on the outer sides of the inner barrel and the electronic scale.
3. The system for automatic, continuous and dynamic measurement of in-situ shrub transpiration as claimed in claim 2, wherein a surface flow drain pipe is communicated with the side surface of the upper end of the inner cylinder, the surface flow drain pipe is communicated with a skip bucket type flow meter, a soil seepage water drain pipe is communicated with the side surface of the lower end of the inner cylinder, and the outer end of the soil seepage water drain pipe is communicated with the skip bucket type flow meter.
4. The system for automatically, continuously and dynamically measuring the transpiration amount of in-situ shrubs as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper end of the inner cylinder is integrally provided with an inner cylinder eave with an eave-shaped structure, the width of the inner cylinder eave is larger than the distance between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the outer end of the inner cylinder eave is inclined downwards.
5. The automatic continuous dynamic measurement system for the in-situ shrub transpiration amount according to claim 2, wherein a cylinder cover is arranged on an upper end cover of the inner cylinder, is integrally in a truncated cone shape with a high middle part and a low periphery, and is formed by splicing and installing a left block and a right block.
6. The system for automatic, continuous and dynamic measurement of the transpiration amount of in-situ shrubs as claimed in claim 5, wherein a plurality of circles of water inlet grooves which are slightly concave are arranged on the barrel cover, holes are formed in the water inlet grooves, and a diffusion blocking plate for blocking a small amount of evaporated water of soil from diffusing upwards through the water inlet groove holes is arranged on the upper side of the water inlet grooves.
7. The system for automatic, continuous and dynamic measurement of in-situ shrub transpiration as in claim 5, wherein the center of the cylinder cover is a silicone ring, and a cross-shaped opening is formed in the center of the silicone ring.
8. An automatic continuous dynamic measurement method for in-situ shrub transpiration using the automatic continuous dynamic measurement system for in-situ shrub transpiration according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising:
firstly, filling complete shrub plants and soil columns wrapping root systems of the shrub plants through an inner cylinder, and isolating the inner cylinder from surrounding soil through an outer cylinder to protect an electronic scale in the cylinder;
step two, after precipitation enters the inner barrel, when the precipitation rate is higher than the soil infiltration rate and surface runoff is generated, smoothly discharging the generated surface runoff water through a surface runoff drainage pipe and introducing the surface runoff water into a skip bucket type flowmeter so as to measure the surface runoff;
thirdly, after the rainfall absorbs a certain amount of water through the soil, the rainfall infiltrates through soil pores to form longitudinal interflow, and the infiltration water passing through a certain soil depth flows into the skip bucket type flowmeter to measure the infiltration water amount of the part;
and fourthly, monitoring the weight change of the shrub plants and the soil in the inner barrel in real time through the electronic scale, and acquiring and recording the monitoring numerical value of the electronic scale and the acquired numerical value of the tipping bucket flowmeter through a data acquisition system.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113931697A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-14 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Tunnel water seepage early warning device and tunnel water seepage monitoring and processing method |
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| CN211978594U (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-11-20 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Crop transpiration amount monitoring system based on evaporation and infiltration cylinder |
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