CN112695258B - High-capacity smelting and component regulation and control method for ultra-high manganese TWIP steel - Google Patents
High-capacity smelting and component regulation and control method for ultra-high manganese TWIP steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-capacity smelting and component regulating method of ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, which comprises the following steps: according to the mass percentage, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of C, 20 to 30 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of V, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of impurity and the balance of Fe; according to the formula, steel, metal vanadium and metal niobium are subjected to primary smelting, then molten steel is refined and alloyed, then vacuum degassing is performed, and the steel ingot is cast and forged into a forging stock. The invention realizes the high-capacity, low-cost and pure purification smelting of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel under the general industrial production condition, and the smelted ultra-high manganese TWIP steel reaches the level of vacuum furnace smelting in the aspects of metallurgical quality and mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of smelting of ultrahigh manganese alloy steel, in particular to a high-capacity smelting and component regulating method of ultrahigh manganese TWIP steel (the ultrahigh manganese TWIP steel is twinning induced plasticity steel with manganese content being more than or equal to 20 wt%).
Background
With the increasing prominence of energy and environmental issues, weight reduction has become a trend in the development of modern automobiles and other vehicles, which places higher demands on the toughness level of steel for vehicles. In addition, in order to improve the passive safety performance of automobiles, the steel for automobiles needs to have as high energy absorption capacity as possible, i.e., high product of strength and elongation. In order to achieve these objects, in recent years, major automobile steel manufacturers and research departments in the world have developed steel for automobile bodies, such as Dual Phase (DP) steel, transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel and twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel, which have both high strength and high plasticity, and among them, ultra high manganese TWIP steel has the best overall performance. The ultra-high manganese TWIP steel comprises the following main chemical components: 0.02-0.5 wt.% of C, 20-30 wt.% of Mn, 3 wt.% of Al, 3 wt.% of Si, and the balance of Fe. The main performance characteristics of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel are as follows: the elongation after fracture is generally more than or equal to 70 percent, the tensile strength is generally more than or equal to 500MPa, and the product of strength and elongation is generally more than or equal to 35000MPa, which is obviously superior to TRIP steel. In addition, the TWIP steel also has high energy absorption capacity which can reach 0.5J/mm at room temperature3Above, 2 times more than that of the traditional deep drawing steel. Besides having important application in the automobile field, the TWIP steel also has wide application prospect in bridge protection, building vibration reduction/isolation devices, low-temperature containers, high-speed rail buffers and other structures.
At present, few researches and reports about the TWIP steel smelting technology are provided, and particularly, few reports about the technology for smelting the TWIP steel in large capacity under the general industrial conditions are provided. The smelting process is a key process for determining the metallurgical quality of the chemical components of the metal material and the like, and is also an essential process link for producing the metal material and the product. For the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, the dynamic change of main alloy elements in the smelting process and the interaction rule of the main alloy elements with the environment are mastered, so that the process technology for controlling the content of the main alloy elements is obtained, and the method is a problem to be solved urgently in the trend engineering application of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel.
The general ultra-high manganese TWIP steel contains high-concentration volatile element Mn and easy-oxidation element Al, Mn is volatilized and Al is oxidized seriously in the high-temperature smelting process, and the content of C is very low, so that the steel can be smelted only under the protection of inert atmosphere in a vacuum furnace, the cost is high, and large-capacity large-scale production is difficult to realize. Secondly, because Mn and Al have strong chemical activity, complex physical and chemical reactions are easy to occur with the smelting atmosphere and furnace lining materials in the smelting process, a large amount of non-metallic inclusions are generated, and the precise control of the purity and the alloy components of the melt is very difficult. In addition, because Al and Fe have large density difference, macrosegregation is also very serious in the solidification process, so that the uniformity of the material structure and performance is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-capacity smelting and component regulating method for the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, which realizes high-capacity, low-cost and pure-purification smelting of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel under the common industrial production conditions (the common industrial production conditions refer to smelting by using a common electric furnace (such as an electric arc furnace and an induction furnace) and plastic processing by using common forging equipment (such as a forging hammer and a press) or common rolling equipment (such as a roller)), wherein the capacity of one-time smelting can reach more than dozens of tons, and the smelted ultra-high manganese TWIP steel reaches the smelting level of a vacuum furnace in the aspects of metallurgical quality such as chemical components, metallurgical defects and the like and mechanical properties, thereby solving the restrictive problem for popularizing and applying the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-capacity smelting and component regulation method for ultra-high manganese TWIP steel comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is as follows: according to the mass percentage, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of C, 20 to 30 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of V, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of impurity and the balance of Fe; weighing steel according to the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel;
(2) primary smelting: adding the steel into an electric arc furnace for primary smelting to melt the steel into molten steel, and performing decarburization, dephosphorization, desuperheating and deslagging on the molten steel until the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1630-1650 ℃, and allowing the molten steel to flow into a steel ladle outside the furnace;
(3) refining: heating the molten steel in the steel ladle through an electrode arc, adding a slag making material into the molten steel when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1630-1650 ℃, blowing argon to stir the molten steel, deoxidizing, desulfurizing and dephosphorizing, adding a carburant, ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, manganese metal, aluminum metal and silicon metal into the molten steel when the sulfur content and the phosphorus content in the molten steel meet the formula requirements of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, and blowing argon to stir the molten steel until the components of the molten steel meet the formula requirements of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, so that the temperature of the components of the molten steel and the molten steel are homogenized, and inclusions are removed in a floating manner;
(4) vacuum degassing: after refining, covering the steel ladle, vacuumizing, further removing H, N, S and O in the molten steel, blowing argon into the molten steel for stirring when the content of gas in the molten steel is not more than 0.001 wt.%, further floating and removing inclusions, then adding inclusion modifier into the molten steel, modifying the inclusions, and preparing for pouring;
(5) pouring: after vacuum degassing is finished, measuring the temperature of molten steel, pouring when the temperature of the molten steel is 1630-1670 ℃, casting a steel ingot in a bottom pouring mode, wherein the pouring time is 8-12 min, demoulding after the steel ingot is cooled for 12h, and then putting the steel ingot into a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment, wherein the annealing treatment temperature is 1100 ℃, and the annealing treatment time is 4 h;
(6) forging and forming: and (3) preserving the heat of the steel ingot at 1000-1050 ℃ for 4h, and then taking out the steel ingot for forging to form a forged blank.
Preferably, the performing of the de-C, de-P, de-S and de-slagging on the molten steel comprises: and (2) oxygen blowing and decarburization are carried out on the molten steel, after the oxygen blowing and decarburization are finished, a slag making material is added into the molten steel for reduction dephosphorization, dephosphorization and slagging, and after the slagging process is finished, the furnace body is tilted to enable the slag to flow out.
Preferably, the adding of the carburant, the metal manganese, the metal aluminum and the metal silicon to the molten steel comprises: adding low-carbon steel or pure iron into the molten steel while adding manganese metal into the molten steel, blowing argon and stirring to dissolve the manganese metal, and then adding ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, aluminum metal and silicon metal into the molten steel.
Preferably, after refining is finished, covering the steel ladle, vacuumizing, stopping vacuumizing when the vacuum degree in the steel ladle reaches 15-20 Pa, keeping for 10-20 min, and then sampling and testing; when the content of H in the molten steel is reduced to be below 2ppm and the content of N in the molten steel is reduced to be below 5ppm, opening a cover on the steel ladle, and measuring the temperature and sampling; and when the gas content in the molten steel is not more than 0.001 wt.%, blowing argon into the molten steel for stirring to further float and remove the inclusion, then adding an inclusion modifier into the molten steel, modifying the inclusion, and preparing for pouring.
Preferably, the steel is waste steel.
Preferably, the slagging material is at least one of lime, calcium carbide and fluorite.
Preferably, the inclusion denaturant is at least one of calcium silicate wire, calcium iron wire and rare earth wire.
Preferably, the manganese metal is industrial pure manganese; the metal aluminum is industrial pure aluminum; the metal silicon is industrial grade pure silicon.
Preferably, the metallographic structure of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is single-phase austenite, the crystal grains are polygonal in different sizes, the yield strength of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is 400-500 MPa, the tensile strength of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is 850-1000 MPa, and the elongation after fracture of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is 65-75%.
The invention redesigns the chemical components of the traditional TWIP steel with ultrahigh manganese content, obtains the novel TWIP steel with obviously reduced Mn content and Al content and obviously increased C content, and lays a material foundation for open smelting. Meanwhile, according to the characteristics of the components of the material, the invention adopts the recycled waste steel materials and low-purity alloy materials, carries out systematic research on the open-type, large-capacity and large-scale smelting process, breaks through the key technology of inhibiting Mn volatilization, controlling the burning loss of C, Si and Al and reducing the impurity content of S, P and the like, realizes the high-capacity, low-cost and pure-purification smelting of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel under the general industrial production condition, ensures that the chemical components and the mechanical properties of the material reach the smelting level of a vacuum furnace, and solves the restrictive problem for popularizing and applying the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a typical mechanical property diagram of the same-component TWIP steel in vacuum furnace smelting.
FIG. 2 is a typical mechanical property diagram of the TWIP steel with ultra-high manganese smelted in example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a 100X typical metallographic structure diagram of the same component TWIP steel in vacuum furnace smelting.
FIG. 4 is a 200X metallographic structure diagram of TWIP steel containing ultra-high manganese prepared by the method of example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The high-capacity smelting and component regulation method of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel provided by the invention is described in detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
A high-capacity smelting and component regulation method for ultra-high manganese TWIP steel comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is as follows: according to the mass percentage, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of C, 20 to 30 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of V, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of impurity and the balance of Fe; and weighing steel according to the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel. The steel can adopt conventional steel products, and can also adopt general industrial waste steel, such as: scrap recycling, machining leftover materials, steel shaving materials, waste steel recycling and the like. The invention also needs carburant, ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, manganese metal, aluminum metal, silicon metal, slag-making material and inclusion modified material. The manganese metal can adopt industrial grade pure manganese. The metal aluminum can adopt industrial grade pure aluminum. The metallic silicon can adopt industrial grade pure silicon. The slagging material can adopt at least one of the existing slagging materials such as lime, calcium carbide, fluorite and the like. The inclusion modified material can adopt at least one of the existing inclusion modified materials such as calcium-silicon wires, calcium-iron wires, rare earth wires and the like.
(2) Primary smelting: adding the steel into an electric arc furnace for primary smelting, melting the steel into molten steel by using high temperature generated by electric arc, and blowing oxygen to remove C from the molten steel; after oxygen blowing and C removal are finished, lime and fluorite are added into the molten steel in two batches for reduction, P removal, S removal and slag formation; after each batch of slagging process is finished, the furnace body is tilted to enable the slag to flow out, so that deslagging is realized; sampling, testing and measuring the temperature after the slag is cleaned; and when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1630-1650 ℃, tilting the furnace body, and allowing the molten steel to flow into a steel ladle outside the furnace.
(3) Refining: heating the molten steel in the steel ladle through electric arcs generated by the three-phase electrodes, adding slag-forming materials such as lime, calcium carbide and the like into the molten steel when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1630-1650 ℃, and blowing argon to stir the molten steel to form white slag for deoxidation, desulfurization and dephosphorization; when the sulfur content and the phosphorus content in the molten steel meet the formula requirements of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, adding a carburant, ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, manganese metal, aluminum metal and silicon metal into the molten steel in batches for alloying and adjusting components; in order to inhibit volatilization and oxidation of Mn, low carbon steel or pure iron accounting for 5-10 wt.% of the total weight of the molten steel is added into the molten steel while metal manganese is added into the molten steel, the temperature of the molten steel is properly reduced, argon is blown for stirring, the dissolution of Mn is accelerated, vanadium iron, niobium iron, metal aluminum and metal silicon are added into the molten steel, the temperature of the molten steel is increased, and sampling and testing are performed; and when the components of the molten steel meet the formula requirements of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, blowing argon to stir the molten steel, homogenizing the components of the molten steel and the temperature of the molten steel, floating and removing inclusions, and simultaneously supplementing a proper amount of metallic aluminum to the molten steel to reduce and recover Mn. The refining process can reduce the S content in the molten steel to be less than 0.002 wt.%, control the P content to be less than 0.008 wt.%, and enable inclusions to be nearly spherical, so that the metallurgical quality requirement of the TWIP steel is met.
(4) Vacuum degassing: after refining, transferring the refined molten steel and the steel ladle to a vacuum refining station, covering the steel ladle, and vacuumizing to further remove H, N, S and O in the molten steel; when the vacuum degree in the steel ladle reaches 15-20 Pa, stopping vacuumizing, keeping for 10-20 min, and then sampling and testing; when the content of H in the molten steel is reduced to be below 2ppm, the content of N in the molten steel is reduced to be below 5ppm, and the content of S and O in the molten steel are further reduced, opening a cover on the steel ladle, and measuring the temperature and sampling; and when the content of gas in the molten steel is not more than 0.001 wt.%, blowing argon into the molten steel for 8-15 min, weakly stirring to further float and remove inclusions, simultaneously reducing the content of T [ O ] in the molten steel, then adding inclusion modification materials into the molten steel, modifying the inclusions, and preparing for pouring. And if the gas content in the molten steel does not meet the requirement, continuously performing vacuum-pumping and degassing until the requirement is met.
(5) Pouring: and after vacuum degassing is finished, measuring the temperature of the molten steel, pouring when the temperature of the molten steel is 1630-1670 ℃, casting steel ingots by adopting a bottom pouring type, wherein 500kg of ingot forms are adopted for each group of 6 ingot molds, the pouring time is 8-12 min, the steel ingots are naturally cooled for 12h, then demolding is carried out, and then the steel ingots are rapidly put into a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 1100 ℃, and the annealing time is 4 h.
(6) Forging and forming: and (3) preserving the heat of the steel ingot at 1000-1050 ℃ for 4h, then taking out the steel ingot, forging and cogging the steel ingot, and forming forged blanks with different sizes.
Specifically, the metallographic structure of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel obtained by the high-capacity smelting and component regulating method of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel provided by the invention is single-phase austenite, crystal grains are polygonal in different sizes, and the typical mechanical properties of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel are as follows: the yield strength is 400-500 MPa, the tensile strength is 850-1000 MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 65-75%.
Furthermore, the high-capacity smelting and component regulation and control method for the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel realizes the industrial preparation of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel under the common smelting condition by accurately controlling the processes of primary smelting, external refining, in-ladle degassing, steel ingot casting and the like of an electric arc furnace, ensures that the metallurgical quality (chemical components, metallurgical defects and the like) and the mechanical property of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel reach the smelting level of a small vacuum furnace, and ensures that the single-furnace smelting capacity reaches more than 30 tons.
The method for large-capacity smelting and component regulation and control of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel comprises the steps of firstly adding steel, vanadium metal and niobium metal into an electric arc furnace for primary smelting, removing C, P, S and slag, then alloying and refining molten steel through an LF furnace to enable chemical components and purity to reach design requirements, then carrying out vacuum degassing on the refined molten steel, modifying inclusions, then casting into steel ingots, and forging the steel ingots at the temperature of 1000-1050 ℃ to form forging stocks with different specifications. The raw materials used by the method are common waste steel and common industrial pure metal, the capacity of one-time smelting can reach more than dozens of tons, and the performance of the obtained material is equivalent to that of a vacuum furnace smelting material, so that the method has high ductility and strength combination and very wide application prospect.
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention realizes the high-capacity, low-cost and pure-purification smelting of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel under the general industrial production condition, the one-time smelting capacity can reach more than dozens of tons, and the smelted ultra-high manganese TWIP steel reaches the level of vacuum furnace smelting in the aspects of chemical components, metallurgical defects and other metallurgical quality and mechanical properties, thereby solving the restrictive problem for popularizing and applying the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel.
In order to more clearly show the technical scheme and the technical effects provided by the invention, the method for high-capacity smelting and component regulation and control of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel in the embodiment of the invention is described in detail in the following specific embodiment.
Example 1
A high-capacity smelting and component regulation method for ultra-high manganese TWIP steel comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is as follows: according to the mass percentage, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of C, 20 to 30 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of V, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of impurity and the balance of Fe; the weight of the ingredients in example 1 of the present invention was 15 tons. And weighing steel according to the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel. The steel adopts waste steel ingots and a small amount of steel scraps. In the embodiment 1 of the invention, a carburant, ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, an industrial grade electrolytic manganese sheet, an industrial grade pure aluminum ingot, an industrial grade pure silicon block, a slag forming material and an inclusion modifier are also required to be used. The slag making materials adopt lime, calcium carbide and fluorite. The inclusion denaturant adopts calcium silicate wire.
(2) Primary smelting: primary refining was carried out using a 30 ton basic electric arc furnace. Laying a layer of lime at the bottom of a 30-ton alkaline electric arc furnace, weighing 300kg, and then adding all steel into the electric arc furnace, wherein a waste steel ingot is placed in the middle of a hearth, and steel scraps are placed around the waste steel ingot; after general processes of electrifying, arc starting, well penetrating and the like, furnace burden is rapidly melted, oxygen blowing and C removal are carried out on the molten steel, the oxygen pressure is about 0.4MPa, then lime is added into the molten steel in two batches for reduction, P removal, S removal and slag formation, the addition amount of each batch is about 150kg, so that a layer of oxidizing slag is formed on the surface of the molten steel, the molten steel is covered, and electric arc is stabilized; after each batch of slagging process is finished, the furnace body is tilted to enable the slag to flow out, so that deslagging is realized; sampling, testing and measuring the temperature after the two batches of slag are cleaned; and when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1630-1650 ℃, tilting the furnace body, and allowing the molten steel to flow into a steel ladle outside the furnace.
(3) Refining: heating the molten steel in the steel ladle through an electrode arc, keeping the temperature of the molten steel at 1630-1650 ℃, adding slag-making materials such as lime, calcium carbide and the like into the molten steel, and blowing argon to stir the molten steel to form white slag for deoxidation, desulfurization and dephosphorization; measuring temperature and sampling, when the sulfur content and the phosphorus content in the molten steel meet the formula requirements of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, adding a carburant, ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, industrial electrolytic manganese sheets, industrial pure aluminum ingots and industrial pure silicon blocks into the molten steel in batches according to the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, sampling and testing after the raw materials in the furnace are melted down, and gradually adjusting the adding amounts of the carburant, ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, industrial electrolytic manganese sheets, industrial pure aluminum ingots and industrial pure silicon blocks according to the testing result until the components of the molten steel meet the formula requirements of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, blowing argon to stir the molten steel, homogenizing the temperature of the components of the molten steel and the molten steel, and floating and removing impurities.
(4) Vacuum degassing: after refining, transferring the refined molten steel and the steel ladle to a vacuum refining station, covering the steel ladle, and vacuumizing to further remove H, N, S and O in the molten steel; when the vacuum degree in the steel ladle reaches about 20Pa, stopping vacuumizing, keeping for 10-20 min, and then sampling and testing; when the H content in the molten steel is reduced to be below 2ppm, the N content in the molten steel is reduced to be below 5ppm, and the S content and the O content in the molten steel are further reduced, opening a cover on the steel ladle, measuring the temperature and sampling, and otherwise, continuously vacuumizing; and when the content of gas in the molten steel is not more than 0.001 wt.%, blowing argon into the molten steel for 8-15 min, weakly stirring to further float and remove inclusions, simultaneously reducing the content of T [ O ] in the molten steel, then adding calcium silicate wires into the molten steel, modifying the inclusions, and preparing for pouring. And if the gas content in the molten steel does not meet the requirement, continuously vacuumizing until the requirement is met.
(5) Pouring: and after vacuum degassing is finished, measuring the temperature of the molten steel, when the temperature of the molten steel is 1630-1670 ℃, hanging the molten steel and the steel ladle to a pouring station, opening a pouring gate for pouring, performing bottom pouring type casting on steel ingots, carrying out 500kg ingot shapes, carrying out 6 steel ingot molds in each group, pouring for 10min, naturally cooling the steel ingots for 12h, then demolding, and then quickly loading into a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 1100 ℃ and the annealing time is 4 h.
(6) Forging and forming: and (3) preserving the temperature of the steel ingot at 1000 ℃ for 4h, then taking out the steel ingot to forge and cogging, and forging the steel ingot into a round billet with the diameter of about 100mm by three times of fire.
Specifically, the round ultra-high manganese TWIP steel billet smelted in the embodiment 1 of the invention is sampled, and five samples are subjected to chemical component analysis, structure observation and mechanical property test:
(1) the results of the analysis of the representative chemical components of the five samples in example 1 of the present invention are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
(2) The TWIP steel with the same components as those in the embodiment 1 of the invention is smelted by adopting a vacuum furnace smelting method in the prior art, and a mechanical property test is carried out on a sample of the TWIP steel, so that a typical mechanical property diagram of the TWIP steel with the same components in the vacuum furnace smelting process shown in the figure 1 can be obtained. The typical mechanical property diagram of five samples in example 1 of the present invention can be shown in fig. 2. Comparing the tensile mechanical properties in fig. 1 and fig. 2, it can be seen that: the mechanical property of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel with the chemical components meeting the design requirements smelted in the embodiment 1 of the invention is basically consistent with that of the TWIP steel with the same components smelted in a vacuum furnace.
(3) The TWIP steel with the same composition as that of the TWIP steel in example 1 of the present invention was prepared by vacuum furnace smelting in the prior art, and the structure of the sample was observed, so that a typical metallographic structure chart of the TWIP steel with the same composition as that obtained by vacuum furnace smelting as shown in fig. 3 was obtained. A typical metallographic structure of a sample according to example 1 of the invention can be seen in figure 4.
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention realizes high-capacity, low-cost and pure-purification smelting of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel under the general industrial production condition, the capacity of one-time smelting can reach more than dozens of tons, and the smelted ultra-high manganese TWIP steel reaches the level of vacuum furnace smelting in the aspects of chemical components, metallurgical defects and other metallurgical quality and mechanical properties, thereby solving the restrictive problem for popularization and application of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A high-capacity smelting and component regulation method for ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is as follows: according to the mass percentage, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of C, 20 to 30 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of V, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of impurity and the balance of Fe; weighing steel according to the formula of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel;
(2) primary smelting: adding the steel into an electric arc furnace for primary smelting to melt the steel into molten steel, and performing decarburization, dephosphorization, desuperheating and deslagging on the molten steel until the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1630-1650 ℃, and allowing the molten steel to flow into a steel ladle outside the furnace;
(3) refining: heating the molten steel in the steel ladle through an electrode arc, adding a slag making material into the molten steel when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1630-1650 ℃, blowing argon to stir the molten steel, deoxidizing, desulfurizing and dephosphorizing, adding a carburant, ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, manganese metal, aluminum metal and silicon metal into the molten steel when the sulfur content and the phosphorus content in the molten steel meet the formula requirements of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, and blowing argon to stir the molten steel until the components of the molten steel meet the formula requirements of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel, so that the temperature of the components of the molten steel and the molten steel are homogenized, and inclusions are removed in a floating manner;
(4) vacuum degassing: after refining is finished, covering the steel ladle, vacuumizing, further removing H, N, S and O in the molten steel, stopping vacuumizing when the vacuum degree in the steel ladle reaches 15-20 Pa, keeping for 10-20 min, and then sampling and testing; when the content of H in the molten steel is reduced to be below 2ppm and the content of N in the molten steel is reduced to be below 5ppm, opening a cover on the steel ladle, and measuring the temperature and sampling; when the gas content in the molten steel is not more than 0.001 wt.%, argon is blown into the molten steel for stirring, so that inclusions further float upwards and are removed, then inclusion modification materials are added into the molten steel, and the inclusions are modified and prepared for casting;
(5) pouring: after vacuum degassing is finished, measuring the temperature of molten steel, pouring when the temperature of the molten steel is 1630-1670 ℃, casting a steel ingot in a bottom pouring mode, wherein the pouring time is 8-12 min, demoulding after the steel ingot is cooled for 12h, and then putting the steel ingot into a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment, wherein the annealing treatment temperature is 1100 ℃, and the annealing treatment time is 4 h;
(6) forging and forming: and (3) preserving the heat of the steel ingot at 1000-1050 ℃ for 4h, and then taking out the steel ingot for forging to form a forged blank.
2. The high-capacity smelting and component regulating method for the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel according to claim 1, wherein the performing of the decarbonization, the dephosphorization, the desulphation and the deslagging on the molten steel comprises: and (2) oxygen blowing and decarburization are carried out on the molten steel, after the oxygen blowing and decarburization are finished, a slag making material is added into the molten steel for reduction dephosphorization, dephosphorization and slagging, and after the slagging process is finished, the furnace body is tilted to enable the slag to flow out.
3. The high-capacity smelting and component regulating method for the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adding of the carburant, the manganese metal, the aluminum metal and the silicon metal to the molten steel comprises: adding low-carbon steel or pure iron into the molten steel while adding manganese metal into the molten steel, blowing argon and stirring to dissolve the manganese metal, and then adding ferrovanadium, ferroniobium, aluminum metal and silicon metal into the molten steel.
4. A large-capacity smelting and component regulating method for ultra-high manganese TWIP steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the steel adopts waste steel.
5. The high-capacity smelting and component regulating method for the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slagging material adopts at least one of lime, calcium carbide and fluorite.
6. The high-capacity smelting and component control method for the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inclusion denaturant adopts at least one of a calcium silicate wire, a calcium iron wire and a rare earth wire.
7. The high-capacity smelting and component regulating method for the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal manganese is industrial grade pure manganese; the metal aluminum is industrial pure aluminum; the metal silicon is industrial grade pure silicon.
8. The high-capacity smelting and component regulating method for the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metallographic structure of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is single-phase austenite, grains are polygonal in different sizes, the yield strength of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is 400-500 MPa, the tensile strength of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is 850-1000 MPa, and the elongation after fracture of the ultra-high manganese TWIP steel is 65-75%.
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