CN112694756A - Extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator - Google Patents

Extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator Download PDF

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CN112694756A
CN112694756A CN202011507454.XA CN202011507454A CN112694756A CN 112694756 A CN112694756 A CN 112694756A CN 202011507454 A CN202011507454 A CN 202011507454A CN 112694756 A CN112694756 A CN 112694756A
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parts
extra
high voltage
layer
zirconia
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李福来
易鹏
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Liling Dong Fang Electroceramics Co ltd
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Liling Dong Fang Electroceramics Co ltd
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    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
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    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
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    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B19/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/28—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances natural or synthetic rubbers
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    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
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    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
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    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

Abstract

The invention provides an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 20-40 parts of polyketone resin, 15-20 parts of polycarbonate, 5-12 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 10-15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 10-15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4-6 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1-1.3 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2-4 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.5-1 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20-25 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 5-10 parts of basalt fiber, 0.5-1 part of a plasticizer, 5-8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2-5 parts of white carbon black and 1-3 parts of silicon micropowder; according to the invention, the polydopamine binding layer is introduced between the zirconia core body and the silicon nitride shell layer, so that the coating density of the silicon nitride shell layer is improved, the insulating property is improved, the advantages of low impurity content, high purity, low conductivity and good insulating property are achieved, the fluidity is good in the preparation process, the filling can be effectively carried out, and the mechanical strength and the insulating property of the insulator are improved.

Description

Extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insulating materials, in particular to an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator.
Background
With the wide popularization of human use of electricity, the application of electricity is wider and wider, and the requirements on insulators required in the electricity transmission process are higher and stricter.
The insulator is used as a special insulating control and can be arranged between conductors with different electric potentials or between the conductors and a grounding component, and the insulator can play a role in resisting voltage and mechanical stress. Insulators are various in types and shapes. Although the structure and the appearance of the insulators of different types are greatly different, the insulators are mainly composed of an insulating part and a connecting hardware fitting.
Early-year insulators are mostly used for telegraph poles and slowly develop in high-voltage wire connecting towers, creepage distance can be increased due to the existence of the insulators, the insulators are usually made of glass or ceramics, the insulators cannot fail due to various electromechanical stresses caused by changes of environmental and electrical load conditions, otherwise, the insulators cannot play a great role, and the service life of the whole line are damaged.
The properties of the insulator are determined by its material and structure. In the traditional high-quartz porcelain insulator, microcracks caused by quartz/cristobalite particles in the insulator cause the insulator bearing load to lose strength due to the increase of the cracks, so that harmful stress and an overlarge expansion coefficient are caused, the insulation effect is poor, and certain danger is caused; compared with high-quartz porcelain, the alumina ceramic is more stable, the high-alumina electric porcelain has good mechanical property and good insulation breakdown strength, and can meet the requirement of high-voltage transmission at present, but the alumina ceramic and the high-alumina electric porcelain still have certain limitations during high-voltage electric transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 20-40 parts of polyketone resin, 15-20 parts of polycarbonate, 5-12 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 10-15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 10-15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4-6 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1-1.3 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2-4 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.5-1 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20-25 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 5-10 parts of basalt fiber, 0.5-1 part of a plasticizer, 5-8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2-5 parts of white carbon black and 1-3 parts of silicon micropowder; the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure consists of a zirconia core body, a binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
Further, the particle diameter of the zirconia nucleus body is 10 to 25 μm.
Further, the zirconia nucleus body is prepared by a sol-gel method.
Further, the binding layer is any one of polydopamine, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium, polymethacrylic acid ammonium and polyethylene oxide.
Further, the binding layer is polydopamine.
Further, the preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method;
(2) dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass of 30-50 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution, stirring and reacting at room temperature for 10-20h, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid body to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass of 30-50 times that of the solid body again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring and reacting at room temperature for 1-3h, and washing the solid body to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor;
(3) placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals and attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank;
(4) and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 550-580 ℃ for the first time, heating to 1500-1550 ℃ for the second time after heating for 2-3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler.
Further, the weight ratio of the zirconia nucleus bodies to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:1-3, and the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1: 5-5.5.
Further, the amount concentration of the substance of the caustic soda solution was 1M.
Furthermore, the speed of the first temperature rise is 20-50 ℃/min, and the speed of the second temperature rise is 10-15 ℃/min.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 120-140 ℃, and the head temperature is 160-170 ℃.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the vinyl silicone rubber, the polyketone resin and the polycarbonate are mutually matched, so that the water resistance, corrosion resistance, electric insulation and other performances of rubber can be maintained, the crosslinking density is improved under the action of the ketoxime type crosslinking agent, the solvent resistance and the surface toughness of the rubber are further improved, and the basalt fiber can be used as a network skeleton to improve the mechanical property of the insulator; according to the invention, the polydopamine binding layer is introduced between the zirconia core body and the silicon nitride shell layer, so that the bonding strength between the zirconia core body and the silicon nitride shell layer can be effectively improved, the coating density of the silicon nitride shell layer and the overall strength and dispersion performance of the insulating filler are improved, and the insulating property is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 25 parts of polyketone resin, 16 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 12 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 3 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 8 parts of basalt fiber, 0.6 part of plasticizer, 6 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silicon micropowder; the three-layer core-shell structure zirconia insulation filler consists of a zirconia core body, a polydopamine binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
The preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass 40 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core body to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:1, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution with the mass concentration of 1M, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 15 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass 40 times that of the solid again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2 hours, and washing the solid to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals which are attached to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 560 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 40 ℃/min, heating for 2.5h, heating to 1540 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 12 ℃/min, heating for the second time for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the zirconium oxide insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 130 ℃, and the head temperature is 165 ℃.
Example 2:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 30 parts of polyketone resin, 16 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 12 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 5 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1.2 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 3 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.5 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 0.6 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 4 parts of white carbon black and 2 parts of silicon micropowder; the three-layer core-shell structure zirconia insulation filler consists of a zirconia core body, a polydopamine binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
The preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass 40 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core body to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:1, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution with the mass concentration of 1M, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 10 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass 35 times that of the solid again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 1 hour, and washing the solid to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals which are attached to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 560 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 40 ℃/min, heating for 2h, heating to 1500 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 12 ℃/min, heating for 2h for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 140 ℃, and the head temperature is 170 ℃.
Example 3:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 20 parts of polyketone resin, 15 parts of polycarbonate, 5 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 10 parts of lauryl acrylate, 10 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.5 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 0.5 part of a plasticizer, 5 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silicon micropowder; the three-layer core-shell structure zirconia insulation filler consists of a zirconia core body, a polydopamine binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
The preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass being 30 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core body to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:1, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution with the mass concentration of 1M, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 10 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass being 30 times that of the solid again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 1 hour, and washing the solid to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals which are attached to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating the blank to 550 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 20 ℃/min, heating the blank for 2 hours, heating the blank for the second time at a speed of 10 ℃/min to 1500 ℃ for the second time, heating the blank for the second time for 2 hours, and naturally cooling the blank to room temperature to obtain the zirconium oxide insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 120 ℃, and the temperature of a machine head is 160 ℃.
Example 4:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 40 parts of polyketone resin, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 12 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 6 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1.3 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 4 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 25 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 10 parts of basalt fiber, 1 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 3 parts of silicon micropowder; the three-layer core-shell structure zirconia insulation filler consists of a zirconia core body, a polydopamine binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
The preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass 50 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core body to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:3, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution with the mass concentration of 1M, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 20 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass 50 times that of the solid again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 3 hours, and washing the solid to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals which are attached to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 580 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 50 ℃/min, heating for 3h, heating to 1550 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 15 ℃/min, heating for 3h for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the zirconium oxide insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 140 ℃, and the head temperature is 170 ℃.
Example 5:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 40 parts of polyketone resin, 15 parts of polycarbonate, 12 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 10 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1.3 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 10 parts of basalt fiber, 0.5 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2 parts of white carbon black and 3 parts of silicon micropowder; the three-layer core-shell structure zirconia insulation filler consists of a zirconia core body, a polydopamine binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
The preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass being 30 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core body to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:3, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution with the mass concentration of 1M, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 10 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass being 50 times that of the solid again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 1 hour, and washing the solid to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals which are attached to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 580 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 20 ℃/min, heating for 3 hours, heating to 1500 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 15 ℃/min, heating for 2 hours for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the zirconium oxide insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 140 ℃ and the head temperature is 160 ℃.
Example 6:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 20 parts of polyketone resin, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 5 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 10 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 6 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 4 parts of silane coupling agent, 0.5 part of ketoxime type crosslinking agent, 25 parts of three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 1 part of plasticizer, 5 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silicon micropowder; the three-layer core-shell structure zirconia insulation filler consists of a zirconia core body, a polydopamine binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
The preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass 50 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core body to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:1, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution with the mass concentration of 1M, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 20 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass 30 times that of the solid again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 3 hours, and washing the solid to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals which are attached to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating the blank to 550 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 50 ℃/min, heating the blank for 2 hours, heating the blank for the second time at 1550 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 10 ℃/min, heating the blank for the second time for 3 hours, and naturally cooling the blank to room temperature to obtain the zirconium oxide insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 120 ℃, and the head temperature is 170 ℃.
Example 7:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 33 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 25 parts of polyketone resin, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 14 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4.5 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 4 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.8 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 25 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 0.6 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 2 parts of silicon micropowder; the three-layer core-shell structure zirconia insulation filler consists of a zirconia core body, a polydopamine binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
The preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass 40 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core body to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:1, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution with the mass concentration of 1M, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 15 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass 40 times that of the solid again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 1 hour, and washing the solid to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals which are attached to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 580 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 40 ℃/min, heating for 2 hours, heating to 1500 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 12 ℃/min, heating for 3 hours for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the zirconium oxide insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 120 ℃, and the head temperature is 165 ℃.
Example 8:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 30 parts of polyketone resin, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 12 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 5 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1.2 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 6 parts of basalt fiber, 1 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 4 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silicon micropowder; the three-layer core-shell structure zirconia insulation filler consists of a zirconia core body, a polydopamine binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
The preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass being 30 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, wherein the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core body to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:1, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution with the mass concentration of 1M, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 12 hours, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass being 50 times that of the solid again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring at room temperature for reaction for 1 hour, and washing the solid to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals which are attached to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 580 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 22 ℃/min, heating for 2h, heating to 1520 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 15 ℃/min, heating for 2h for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 130 ℃, and the head temperature is 165 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 25 parts of polyketone resin, 16 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 12 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 3 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of ketoxime type crosslinking agent, 20 parts of insulating filler, 8 parts of basalt fiber, 0.6 part of plasticizer, 6 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silicon micropowder; the insulating filler is composed of a zirconia core and a silicon nitride shell.
The preparation method of the insulating filler comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; putting a zirconium oxide core body into a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals, attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of a precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 560 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 40 ℃/min, heating for 2.5h, heating to 1540 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 12 ℃/min, heating for the second time for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, an insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 130 ℃, and the head temperature is 165 ℃.
Comparative example 1 is substantially the same as example 1 except that in comparative example 1, the polydopamine bonding layer was eliminated and a silicon nitride shell layer was formed directly on the surface of the zirconia core body.
Comparative example 2:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 30 parts of polyketone resin, 16 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 12 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 5 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1.2 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 3 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.5 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of an insulating filler, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 0.6 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 4 parts of white carbon black and 2 parts of silicon micropowder; the insulating filler is composed of a zirconia core and a silicon nitride shell.
The preparation method of the insulating filler comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; putting a zirconium oxide core body into a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals, attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of a precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 560 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 40 ℃/min, heating for 2h, heating to 1500 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 12 ℃/min, heating for 2h for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, an insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 140 ℃, and the head temperature is 170 ℃.
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same as example 2 except that in comparative example 2, the polydopamine bonding layer was eliminated and a silicon nitride shell layer was formed directly on the surface of the zirconia core body.
Comparative example 3:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 20 parts of polyketone resin, 15 parts of polycarbonate, 5 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 10 parts of lauryl acrylate, 10 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2 parts of silane coupling agent, 0.5 part of ketoxime type crosslinking agent, 20 parts of insulating filler, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 0.5 part of plasticizer, 5 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silicon micropowder; the insulating filler is composed of a zirconia core and a silicon nitride shell.
The preparation method of the insulating filler comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; putting a zirconium oxide core body into a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals, attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of a precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 550 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 20 ℃/min, heating for 2h, heating to 1500 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 10 ℃/min, heating for 2h for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, an insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 120 ℃, and the head temperature is 160 ℃.
Comparative example 3 is substantially the same as example 3 except that in comparative example 2, the polydopamine binding layer was eliminated and the silicon nitride shell layer was formed directly on the surface of the zirconia core body.
Comparative example 4:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 40 parts of polyketone resin, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 12 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 6 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1.3 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 4 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, 25 parts of an insulating filler, 10 parts of basalt fiber, 1 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 3 parts of silicon micropowder; the insulating filler is composed of a zirconia core and a silicon nitride shell.
The preparation method of the insulating filler comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; putting a zirconium oxide core body into a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals, attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of a precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 580 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 50 ℃/min, heating for 3h, heating to 1550 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 15 ℃/min, heating for 3h for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, an insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 140 ℃, and the head temperature is 170 ℃.
Comparative example 4 is substantially the same as example 4 except that in comparative example 2, the polydopamine binding layer was eliminated and the silicon nitride shell layer was formed directly on the surface of the zirconia core body.
Comparative example 5:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 40 parts of polyketone resin, 15 parts of polycarbonate, 12 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 10 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1.3 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of an insulating filler, 10 parts of basalt fiber, 0.5 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2 parts of white carbon black and 3 parts of silicon micropowder; the insulating filler is composed of a zirconia core and a silicon nitride shell.
The preparation method of the insulating filler comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; putting a zirconium oxide core body into a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals, attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of a precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 580 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 20 ℃/min, heating for 3 hours, heating to 1500 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 15 ℃/min, heating for 2 hours for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, an insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 140 ℃, and the temperature of a machine head is 160 ℃.
Comparative example 5 is substantially the same as example 5 except that in comparative example 5, the polydopamine binding layer was eliminated and the silicon nitride shell layer was formed directly on the surface of the zirconia core body.
Comparative example 6:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 20 parts of polyketone resin, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 5 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 10 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 6 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 4 parts of silane coupling agent, 0.5 part of ketoxime type crosslinking agent, 25 parts of insulating filler, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 1 part of plasticizer, 5 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silicon micropowder; the insulating filler is composed of a zirconia core and a silicon nitride shell.
The preparation method of the insulating filler comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; putting a zirconium oxide core body into a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals, attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of a precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 550 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 50 ℃/min, heating for 2 hours, heating to 1550 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 10 ℃/min, heating for 3 hours for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, an insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 120 ℃, and the head temperature is 170 ℃.
Comparative example 6 is substantially the same as example 6 except that in comparative example 6, the polydopamine bonding layer was eliminated and a silicon nitride shell layer was formed directly on the surface of the zirconia core body.
Comparative example 7:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 33 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 25 parts of polyketone resin, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 14 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4.5 parts of microcrystalline wax, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 4 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.8 part of a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, 25 parts of an insulating filler, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 0.6 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 2 parts of silicon micropowder; the insulating filler is composed of a zirconia core and a silicon nitride shell.
The preparation method of the insulating filler comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; putting a zirconium oxide core body into a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals, attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of a precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 580 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 40 ℃/min, heating for 2 hours, heating to 1500 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 12 ℃/min, heating for 3 hours for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, an insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 120 ℃, and the head temperature is 165 ℃.
Comparative example 7 is substantially the same as example 7 except that in comparative example 7, the polydopamine bonding layer was eliminated and a silicon nitride shell layer was formed directly on the surface of the zirconia core body.
Comparative example 8:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 30 parts of polyketone resin, 20 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 12 parts of lauryl acrylate, 15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 5 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1.2 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of an insulating filler, 6 parts of basalt fiber, 1 part of a plasticizer, 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 4 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silicon micropowder; the insulating filler is composed of a zirconia core and a silicon nitride shell.
The preparation method of the insulating filler comprises the following steps:
preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method; putting a zirconium oxide core body into a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, wherein the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1:5, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals, attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of a precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank; and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 580 ℃ for the first time at a speed of 22 ℃/min, heating for 2h, heating to 1520 ℃ for the second time at a speed of 15 ℃/min, heating for 2h for the second time, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
The preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to a formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 130 ℃, and the head temperature is 165 ℃.
Comparative example 8 is substantially the same as example 8 except that in comparative example 8, the polydopamine bonding layer was eliminated and the silicon nitride shell layer was formed directly on the surface of the zirconia core body.
Comparative example 9:
an extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 25 parts of polyketone resin, 16 parts of polycarbonate, 10 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 12 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 3 parts of a silane coupling agent, 1 part of ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20 parts of zirconia filler, 8 parts of basalt fiber, 0.6 part of plasticizer, 6 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of white carbon black and 1 part of silica micropowder;
the preparation method of the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type crosslinking agent, a zirconia filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 130 ℃, and the temperature of a machine head is 165 ℃.
Comparative example 9 is substantially the same as example 1 except that comparative example 9 uses a zirconia filler instead of the zirconia insulating filler of the three-layer core-shell structure in example 1.
And (3) performance testing:
the extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulators prepared in the embodiments 1 to 8 and the comparative examples 1 to 9 of the present invention were subjected to the related performance tests, and the test results are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002845348670000171
Figure BDA0002845348670000181
according to the invention, the polydopamine binding layer is introduced between the zirconia core body and the silicon nitride shell layer, so that the binding strength between the zirconia core body and the silicon nitride shell layer can be effectively improved, the coating density of the silicon nitride shell layer and the overall strength and dispersion performance of the insulating filler are improved, and as can be known from the table above, the addition of different insulating fillers has certain influence on the relevant performance of the ultra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator, and the polydopamine binding layer is introduced into the insulating filler taking zirconia and silicon nitride as components, so that the insulation resistance, breakdown voltage, impact strength and tensile strength of the ultra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator can be effectively improved.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The ultrahigh voltage rod-shaped composite insulator is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of vinyl silicone rubber, 20-40 parts of polyketone resin, 15-20 parts of polycarbonate, 5-12 parts of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, 10-15 parts of lauryl acrylate, 10-15 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 4-6 parts of microcrystalline paraffin, 1-1.3 parts of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 2-4 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0.5-1 part of a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, 20-25 parts of a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, 5-10 parts of basalt fiber, 0.5-1 part of a plasticizer, 5-8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2-5 parts of white carbon black and 1-3 parts of silicon micropowder; the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure consists of a zirconia core body, a binding layer and a silicon nitride shell layer.
2. The extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the zirconia nucleus body is 10-25 mu m.
3. The extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein: the zirconia nucleus body is prepared by a sol-gel method.
4. The extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein: the binding layer is any one of polydopamine, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium, polymethacrylic acid ammonium and polyethylene oxide.
5. The extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 4, wherein: the binding layer is polydopamine.
6. The extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 5, wherein: the preparation method of the zirconia insulating filler with the three-layer core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a zirconia nucleus body with the grain diameter of 10-25 mu m by a sol-gel method;
(2) dispersing a zirconium oxide core body in deionized water with the mass of 30-50 times that of the zirconium oxide core body, adding dopamine hydrochloride, uniformly stirring, adding a caustic soda solution, stirring and reacting at room temperature for 10-20h, then carrying out suction filtration, washing a solid body to be neutral, freeze-drying, dispersing in deionized water with the mass of 30-50 times that of the solid body again, adding hydrofluoric acid, stirring and reacting at room temperature for 1-3h, and washing the solid body to be neutral after suction filtration to obtain a precursor;
(3) placing the precursor in a plasma reactor, introducing plasma working gas, starting a plasma power supply, then sending SiCl4 and NH3 into the plasma reactor, reacting in the plasma reactor to generate silicon nitride crystals and attaching the silicon nitride crystals to the surface of the precursor, and forming a silicon nitride shell layer on the surface of the precursor to obtain a blank;
(4) and transferring the blank into a carbon tube furnace, heating to 550-580 ℃ for the first time, heating to 1500-1550 ℃ for the second time after heating for 2-3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler.
7. The extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 6, wherein: the weight ratio of the zirconium oxide core bodies to the dopamine hydrochloride is 5:1-3, and the liquid weight ratio of SiCl4 to NH3 is 1: 5-5.5.
8. The extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 6, wherein: the mass concentration of the caustic soda solution was 1M.
9. The extra-high voltage rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 6, wherein: the speed of the first temperature rise is 20-50 ℃/min, and the speed of the second temperature rise is 10-15 ℃/min.
10. The extra-high voltage rod composite insulator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing vinyl silicone rubber, polyketone resin, polycarbonate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, lauryl acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to prepare a premix, then mixing the premix with microcrystalline paraffin, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a silane coupling agent, a ketoxime type cross-linking agent, a three-layer core-shell structure zirconium oxide insulating filler, basalt fiber, a plasticizer, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black and silicon micropowder, and carrying out extrusion molding, wherein the extrusion temperature of an extruder is 120-140 ℃, and the head temperature is 160-170 ℃.
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