CN112694008A - Early warning method and device for fatigue failure of steel crane beam - Google Patents
Early warning method and device for fatigue failure of steel crane beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN112694008A CN112694008A CN202011527534.1A CN202011527534A CN112694008A CN 112694008 A CN112694008 A CN 112694008A CN 202011527534 A CN202011527534 A CN 202011527534A CN 112694008 A CN112694008 A CN 112694008A
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- steel plate
- fatigue
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- crane beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
- B66C1/44—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/16—Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C15/00—Safety gear
- B66C15/06—Arrangements or use of warning devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for early warning fatigue failure of a steel crane beam. The method comprises the following steps: forming a round hole having a second size and a fatigue crack having a third size on a steel plate having a first size; fixing the steel plate at a preset position of a lower flange of the crane beam; when the steel plate is fixed, applying a longitudinal pretension force with a preset magnitude on the steel plate; setting crack monitoring equipment, and monitoring the fatigue crack on the steel plate in real time through the crack monitoring equipment; and when the length of the fatigue crack on the steel plate is greater than or equal to a preset length threshold value, sending alarm information. The invention can be used for early warning the fatigue failure of the crane beam.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steel structure fatigue, in particular to a method and a device for early warning fatigue failure of a steel crane beam.
Background
At present, the crane beam system is widely applied to various industries, serves the production line and is the 'life line' of industrial production. The number of the crane beam systems which are put into use is huge, and the number of the crane beam systems in service in the domestic steel industry can reach 30 ten thousand.
In the practical application process, under the action of the reciprocating load of the crane, the fatigue failure of the crane beam structure often occurs. According to statistics, more than 90% of the fatigue damage of the industrial building steel structure occurs in a crane beam system of a heavy-duty working system and an influence area thereof; more than 80% of heavy-duty steel-making crane beam systems in China will have fatigue cracking or even breakage after being used for 10-15 years, and most of the systems are smaller than the designed service life. The fatigue failure of the crane beam belongs to brittle failure, and has the property of burst, generally the failure without early warning; meanwhile, the method has universality and is a high-incidence group for the fatigue failure of the industrial building steel structure. Once the crane beam is damaged, serious safety production accidents, personnel injury and production halt can be caused, and huge economic loss is caused. However, in the prior art, fatigue cracks of the crane beam are difficult to find in the early period, and safety management of the crane beam is a passive mode, so that an early warning device is urgently needed to early warn fatigue damage of the crane beam, so that the management mode of the crane beam is from passive traction to active control, and accidents are prevented.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a device for early warning of fatigue failure of a steel crane beam, so that early warning of fatigue failure of the crane beam can be realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for early warning fatigue failure of a steel crane beam comprises the following steps:
forming a round hole having a second size and a fatigue crack having a third size on a steel plate having a first size;
fixing the steel plate at a preset position of a lower flange of the crane beam;
when the steel plate is fixed, applying a longitudinal pretension force with a preset magnitude on the steel plate;
setting crack monitoring equipment, and monitoring the fatigue crack on the steel plate in real time through the crack monitoring equipment;
and when the length of the fatigue crack on the steel plate is greater than or equal to a preset length threshold value, sending alarm information.
Preferably, the forming of the circular hole having the second size and the fatigue crack having the third size on the steel plate having the first size includes:
forming a round hole having a second size on a previously prepared steel plate having a first size;
forming a fine grain with a fourth size on two sides of the round hole respectively;
and carrying out a fatigue loading test on the steel plate by using a fatigue testing machine until a fatigue crack with a third size appears at the tail part of the fine grain on the steel plate, and stopping the fatigue loading test.
Preferably, the preset position of the lower flange of the crane beam is the span of the lower flange of the crane beam.
Preferably, the steel plate is fixed at a preset position of the lower flange of the crane beam by using a fixture or a bolt.
Preferably, the crack monitoring device is an image acquisition device.
Preferably, the crack monitoring device comprises:
one or more fracture displacement sensors;
the crack displacement sensors are respectively arranged at preset positions and used for determining the fatigue crack condition of the positions where the crack displacement sensors are located.
Preferably, the one or more crack displacement sensors are arranged at different positions in the extension direction of the fatigue crack.
Preferably, the first dimension is: the length is 500mm, the width is 200mm, and the thickness is 8 mm;
the second dimension is: the diameter is 5 mm;
the third dimension is: the length is 1 mm;
the fourth dimension is: the length is 10mm and the width is 1 mm.
The invention also provides a device for early warning the fatigue damage of the steel crane beam, which comprises: a steel plate 21, a fixing member and a crack monitoring device 23;
the steel plate is used for being fixed at a preset position of a lower flange of the crane beam to be detected through the fixing piece; the steel plate is provided with a round hole with a second size, a fine line with a fourth size and a fatigue crack with a third size; the fine lines are positioned on two sides of the round hole, and the fatigue cracks are positioned at the tail parts of the fine lines;
the crack monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the fatigue cracks on the steel plate in real time and sending alarm information when the length of the fatigue cracks on the steel plate is larger than or equal to a preset length threshold value.
Preferably, the fixing member is a clamp or a bolt.
As can be seen from the above, in the method and apparatus for warning fatigue failure of a steel crane beam according to the present invention, since the circular hole and the corresponding fatigue crack are formed in advance on the steel plate, the steel plate is fixed at the preset position of the bottom flange of the crane beam, the fatigue crack on the steel plate is monitored in real time by the crack monitoring device, and when the length of the fatigue crack on the steel plate is greater than or equal to the preset length threshold, alarm information is sent out, so that corresponding alarm information can be sent in time when the fatigue crack may occur in the crane beam, so as to remind the relevant staff, thereby early warning the occurrence of fatigue failure of the crane beam in advance, preventing the crane beam from suddenly experiencing fatigue failure, and thus, the safety of the steel crane beam can be effectively controlled, and accidents can be prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for early warning fatigue failure of a steel crane beam in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel crane beam fatigue failure early warning device in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is an installation schematic diagram of the early warning device for fatigue failure of the steel crane beam in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a steel plate in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the invention more apparent, the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for early warning fatigue failure of a steel crane beam in the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the early warning method for fatigue failure of a steel crane beam in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
and 11, forming a round hole with a second size and a fatigue crack with a third size on the steel plate with the first size.
In this step, a steel plate is prepared and a corresponding fatigue crack is formed on the steel plate.
In addition, in the technical solution of the present invention, the step 11 can be implemented by using various implementation methods. The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below by taking one specific implementation manner as an example.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 11 may include the following steps:
step 111, forming a round hole having a second size on a previously prepared steel plate having a first size.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a steel plate is prepared, and then a laser is used to punch holes in the steel plate, thereby forming the desired circular holes.
In addition, in the technical scheme of the invention, the values of the first size and the second size can be preset according to the requirements of practical application conditions.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first dimension is: a length of 500 millimeters (mm), a width of 200mm, and a thickness of 8 mm; the second dimension is: the diameter is 5 mm. Of course, in practical applications, the first size and the second size may also be other suitable values, and are not described herein again.
And 112, respectively forming a fine grain with a fourth size on two sides of the round hole.
After the round hole is formed, a fine grain is formed on each of two sides of the round hole, so that a required fatigue crack is formed at the fine grain in the subsequent fatigue loading test process, and the purpose of generating a corresponding fatigue crack at a preset position is achieved.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a fine line with a fourth size may be cut on both sides of the circular hole, as shown in fig. 6.
In addition, in the technical solution of the present invention, a value of the fourth size may be preset according to a requirement of an actual application.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fourth dimension is: the length is 10 millimeters (mm) and the width is 1 millimeter (mm). Of course, in practical applications, the fourth dimension may also be another suitable value, and is not described herein again.
In addition, as an example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extension direction of the fine lines may be perpendicular to the length direction of the steel plate, so that the extension direction of the generated fatigue cracks may be perpendicular to the direction in which the steel plate is stressed in the subsequent process.
And 113, performing a fatigue loading test on the steel plate by using a fatigue testing machine until a fatigue crack with a third size appears at the tail part of the fine grain on the steel plate, and stopping the fatigue loading test.
In this step, the steel plate may be mounted on a fatigue testing machine, and a fatigue loading test may be performed by the fatigue testing machine. Since one fine line is formed on each side of the circular hole in step 112, after the fatigue loading test is performed for a certain period of time, fatigue cracks are generated at the tail portions of the two fine lines. Therefore, when the fatigue crack generated at the tail of the fine grain has a preset third size, the fatigue loading test is stopped, and a steel plate having the fatigue crack is formed.
In addition, in the technical scheme of the invention, the value of the third dimension can be preset according to the requirement of the practical application situation.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the third dimension is: the length is 1 millimeter (mm). Of course, in practical applications, the third dimension may also be another suitable value, so as to facilitate observation and/or detection of the fatigue crack in a subsequent process, which is not described herein again.
Thus, it is understood that the round holes and the fatigue cracks having the predetermined sizes can be formed in the previously prepared steel sheet through the steps 111 to 113.
And step 12, fixing the steel plate at a preset position of a lower flange of the crane beam.
After the circular hole with the preset size and the fatigue crack are formed on the preset steel plate, the steel plate can be fixed at the preset position of the lower flange of the crane beam.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the specific position of the preset position can be preset according to the requirements of actual application conditions.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preset positions are: the lower flange of the crane beam spans the center as shown in fig. 5. Since the stress level in the lower flange span of the crane beam is generally the highest and is the most likely potential location for fatigue cracks, the steel plate can be fixed in the lower flange span of the crane beam.
In addition, in the technical scheme of the invention, the steel plate can be fixed by using various implementation methods. The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below by taking one specific implementation manner as an example.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel plate may be fixed to the crane beam at a predetermined position of the lower flange using a jig or a bolt, as an example. Of course, other suitable ways to fix the steel plate may be used, and are not described in detail herein.
And 13, applying a preset longitudinal pretension force to the steel plate when the steel plate is fixed.
In step (b), in order to ensure that the steel plate can cooperate with the crane beam on which the steel plate is located, a preset longitudinal pretension force can be applied to the steel plate when the steel plate is fixed.
In addition, in the technical scheme of the present invention, the value of the longitudinal pretension force may be preset according to the needs of the actual application situation (for example, the stress situation of the crane beam in the actual engineering), and is not described herein again.
And 14, setting crack monitoring equipment, and monitoring the fatigue cracks on the steel plate in real time through the crack monitoring equipment.
After the steel plate is installed, corresponding crack monitoring equipment can be arranged, so that the fatigue cracks on the steel plate can be monitored in real time through the crack monitoring equipment.
In addition, according to the technical scheme of the invention, the fatigue cracks on the steel plate can be monitored in real time by using various monitoring devices.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crack monitoring device may be an image capture device (e.g., a camera, a video camera, etc.). The image acquisition device can acquire the image information of the fatigue crack on the steel plate in time, and can acquire the relevant information of the fatigue crack (such as the length information of the fatigue crack) according to the acquired image information.
In addition, as an example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crack monitoring device may be directly disposed on the steel plate, or may not be directly disposed on the steel plate, but disposed on another object that is kept stationary relative to the steel plate.
For another example, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crack monitoring device may include: one or more fracture displacement sensors; the crack displacement sensors are respectively arranged at preset positions and used for determining the fatigue crack condition of the positions where the crack displacement sensors are located.
For example, one or more crack displacement sensors may be provided in advance at different positions in the extending direction of the fatigue crack. And for each crack displacement sensor, the fatigue crack condition of the position of the crack displacement sensor can be determined by detecting the voltage change between two reference points of the position of the crack displacement sensor. For example, when a crack displacement sensor at a certain position detects a fatigue crack, it can be known that the fatigue crack has already extended to the position where the crack displacement sensor is located, so that the extension condition of the fatigue crack can be acquired in real time.
And step 15, when the length of the fatigue crack on the steel plate is greater than or equal to a preset length threshold value, sending alarm information.
Since the crack monitoring device is used to monitor the fatigue crack on the steel plate in real time in step 14, when the crack monitoring device monitors that the length of the fatigue crack on the steel plate starts to increase and the length of the fatigue crack is greater than or equal to the preset length threshold, it indicates that the crane beam where the steel plate is located may also generate a corresponding fatigue crack, and thus fatigue failure may occur. Therefore, corresponding alarm information can be sent at the moment to remind relevant workers, and therefore early warning is carried out on fatigue damage of the crane beam in advance.
In addition, in the technical scheme of the invention, the value of the length threshold can be preset according to the requirements of actual application conditions (such as specific construction of an engineering crane beam, crane tonnage, production frequency, fatigue crack speed determined through a fatigue loading test and the like), so that the detailed description is omitted.
As can be seen from the above, in the steps 11 to 15, after the steel plate having the fatigue cracks is mounted on the bottom flange of the crane beam, the steel plate and the crane beam body are simultaneously subjected to a force, and therefore the fatigue cracks in the steel plate continue to propagate under the cyclic load of the crane. Further, the propagation length of the fatigue crack has a correlation with the number of stress cycles, and thus the number of stress cycles to which the crane beam is subjected can be reflected. When the fatigue crack is expanded to a certain length, the risk of fatigue damage of the crane beam is predicted, alarm information can be sent out at the moment, early warning is carried out on the fatigue damage of the crane beam, then fatigue performance evaluation can be carried out on the crane beam in the subsequent process, so that the fatigue damage of the crane beam is avoided suddenly, the safety of the steel crane beam can be effectively controlled, and accidents are prevented.
In addition, according to the method provided by the invention, the technical scheme of the invention also provides a corresponding early warning device for the fatigue failure of the steel crane beam, and the device is specifically shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel crane beam fatigue failure early warning device in the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the early warning device for fatigue failure of the steel crane beam comprises: a steel plate 21, a fixing member 22 and a crack monitoring device 23;
the steel plate is used for being fixed at a preset position of a lower flange of the crane beam 20 to be measured through the fixing piece; the steel plate is provided with a round hole 24 with a second size and a fatigue crack 25 with a third size;
the crack monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the fatigue cracks on the steel plate in real time and sending alarm information when the length of the fatigue cracks on the steel plate is larger than or equal to a preset length threshold value.
Further, by way of example, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fixing is a clamp or a bolt.
In summary, in the technical scheme of the present invention, the circular hole and the corresponding fatigue crack are formed in advance on the steel plate, the steel plate is fixed at the preset position of the bottom flange of the crane beam, the fatigue crack on the steel plate is monitored in real time through the crack monitoring device, and when the length of the fatigue crack on the steel plate is greater than or equal to the preset length threshold, the alarm information is sent out, so that the corresponding alarm information can be sent in time when the fatigue crack is likely to be generated in the crane beam, so as to remind the relevant staff, thereby early warning the fatigue damage of the crane beam, preventing the crane beam from suddenly generating the fatigue damage, effectively controlling the safety of the steel crane beam, and preventing accidents from occurring.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for early warning fatigue failure of a steel crane beam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming a round hole having a second size and a fatigue crack having a third size on a steel plate having a first size;
fixing the steel plate at a preset position of a lower flange of the crane beam;
when the steel plate is fixed, applying a longitudinal pretension force with a preset magnitude on the steel plate;
setting crack monitoring equipment, and monitoring the fatigue crack on the steel plate in real time through the crack monitoring equipment;
and when the length of the fatigue crack on the steel plate is greater than or equal to a preset length threshold value, sending alarm information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the circular hole having the second size and the fatigue crack having the third size on the steel plate having the first size comprises:
forming a round hole having a second size on a previously prepared steel plate having a first size;
forming a fine grain with a fourth size on two sides of the round hole respectively;
and carrying out a fatigue loading test on the steel plate by using a fatigue testing machine until a fatigue crack with a third size appears at the tail part of the fine grain on the steel plate, and stopping the fatigue loading test.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the preset position of the lower flange of the crane beam is the span of the lower flange of the crane beam.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
and fixing the steel plate at the preset position of the lower flange of the crane beam by using a fixture or a bolt.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the crack monitoring equipment is an image acquisition device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fracture monitoring device comprises:
one or more fracture displacement sensors;
the crack displacement sensors are respectively arranged at preset positions and used for determining the fatigue crack condition of the positions where the crack displacement sensors are located.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the one or more crack displacement sensors are arranged at different positions in the extension direction of the fatigue crack.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first dimension is: the length is 500mm, the width is 200mm, and the thickness is 8 mm;
the second dimension is: the diameter is 5 mm;
the third dimension is: the length is 1 mm;
the fourth dimension is: the length is 10mm and the width is 1 mm.
9. The utility model provides a steel crane roof beam fatigue destruction early warning device which characterized in that, the device includes: the steel plate, the fixing piece and the crack monitoring equipment;
the steel plate is used for being fixed at a preset position of a lower flange of the crane beam to be detected through the fixing piece; the steel plate is provided with a round hole with a second size, a fine line with a fourth size and a fatigue crack with a third size; the fine lines are positioned on two sides of the round hole, and the fatigue cracks are positioned at the tail parts of the fine lines;
the crack monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the fatigue cracks on the steel plate in real time and sending alarm information when the length of the fatigue cracks on the steel plate is larger than or equal to a preset length threshold value.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the fixing piece is a clamp or a bolt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011527534.1A CN112694008A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Early warning method and device for fatigue failure of steel crane beam |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011527534.1A CN112694008A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Early warning method and device for fatigue failure of steel crane beam |
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| CN202011527534.1A Pending CN112694008A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Early warning method and device for fatigue failure of steel crane beam |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09184792A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | B M C:Kk | Device for monitoring crack of structure member |
| JP2007315810A (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-12-06 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Repeated stress sensor |
| CN203117041U (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-08-07 | 四川大学 | Clamp head device for detecting fatigue strength of corrugated steel web steel beam |
| CN103344480A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-09 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Device for testing crack growth and residual strength of thin-wall plate with stringers |
| CN104704342A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2015-06-10 | 斯奈克玛 | High frequency method for determining the non-propagation threshold of fatigue cracks |
-
2020
- 2020-12-22 CN CN202011527534.1A patent/CN112694008A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09184792A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | B M C:Kk | Device for monitoring crack of structure member |
| JP2007315810A (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-12-06 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Repeated stress sensor |
| CN104704342A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2015-06-10 | 斯奈克玛 | High frequency method for determining the non-propagation threshold of fatigue cracks |
| CN203117041U (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-08-07 | 四川大学 | Clamp head device for detecting fatigue strength of corrugated steel web steel beam |
| CN103344480A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-09 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Device for testing crack growth and residual strength of thin-wall plate with stringers |
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