CN112686531B - Atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation, which comprises the following steps: s1, extracting an atmospheric pollution abnormal area by utilizing the concentration of gaseous pollutants monitored by hyperspectral satellite remote sensing and combining historical data; s2, combining road network data of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area, designing and developing vehicle-mounted sailing observation; s3, extracting the concentration of pollutants on the navigation route, calculating the discharge amount of the pollutants, and realizing the reconstruction of a concentration field; and S4, identifying the atmosphere pollution enterprise by using the high-resolution satellite data. The method can quickly and conveniently realize the identification of the atmospheric pollution enterprise aiming at the atmospheric pollution abnormal area, and provides a data source for law enforcement of the ecological environment and tracing of pollutants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric remote sensing, in particular to an atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation.
Background
The degree of air pollution in China is more serious, and analysis shows that the air pollution in China mainly comes from industrial emission, from the viewpoint of the emission of the air pollution in China, the annual rate of the emission of industrial waste gas in China is increased by 19.06% in 2011 in 2000-plus-year, the annual rate of the emission of industrial waste gas in China is increased from 138145 hundred million standard cubic meters in 2000 to 674509 million standard cubic meters in 2011, and the annual rate is increased by 2.39 times in 11 years.
In the environmental management of China, only the water pollution and the solid waste management have high marketization degree, and other atmospheric pollution management is easily influenced by weather and can be transferred among different regions, so that the atmospheric pollution management has low enthusiasm all the time, the market is weak, but the phenomenon causes the attention of society to the atmospheric pollution along with a large amount of haze weather in North China.
At present, an environmental protection department supervises the exhaust emission phenomenon of enterprises, only discovers polluted enterprises by a field inspection method, cannot effectively inhibit the stealing and exhausting phenomenon of medium and small-sized atmospheric pollution enterprises, cannot fundamentally treat the atmospheric pollution, and provides an atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation in order to fundamentally improve the atmospheric environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation, which can realize accurate identification on medium and small atmospheric pollution enterprises which are distributed in a scattered manner by combining a satellite remote sensing system and a vehicle-mounted observation system, can provide important scientific and technological support for environmental supervision of the atmospheric pollution enterprises in key areas, and effectively serves for accurate pollution control and air quality improvement of the atmospheric pollution key areas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation comprises the following steps:
s1, utilizing spatial distribution of gaseous pollutant concentration monitored by hyperspectral satellite remote sensing, and comparing with historical satellite observation data in the past year, finding that the concentration value of the gaseous pollutant abnormally raises pixels, and realizing extraction of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area;
s1.1, extracting the spatial distribution condition of the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide gaseous pollutants in a city or a region of major concern by utilizing the observation data of a hyperspectral satellite in an ultraviolet visible wave band;
s1.2, collecting historical data of concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide gaseous pollutants of a hyperspectral satellite, statistically analyzing annual average and monthly average distribution and histograms of the gaseous pollutants in major concern cities or regions, and setting a monthly gaseous pollutant concentration standard exceeding threshold value according to physicochemical characteristics of the gaseous pollutants;
s1.3, extracting the pixels with the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration according to the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration threshold value in S1.2, calculating the ratio of the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration of the pixels to the historical monthly mean value of the pixels, and removing the pixels with higher historical data; calculating the ratio of the concentration of gaseous pollutants of the overproof pixel to the average value of the pixels in the range of 3 x 3 around the overproof pixel, and selecting the overproof pixel exceeding the background pixel as an atmospheric pollution abnormal area;
s2, designing a navigation observation route according to the characteristics of a vehicle-mounted observation platform of the gaseous pollutants by combining road network data of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area, and developing vehicle-mounted navigation observation;
s2.1, combining road network data of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area, avoiding urban main roads and rural continents with heavy dust emission, keeping away from large pollution sources of a power plant, and designing a sailing observation route by adopting a method of combining a closed path with lower wind gap monitoring according to the characteristics of a vehicle-mounted observation platform of gaseous pollutants;
s2.2, the vehicle-mounted observation platform comprises an ultraviolet imaging DOAS, a vehicle-mounted FTIR system, a GPS system and a meteorological instrument vehicle-mounted observation instrument, and can collect the concentration, vertical distribution and observation position, the vehicle speed, the wind speed and the wind direction data of the gaseous pollutants;
s2.3, selecting a clear and cloudless time interval without precipitation and wind power below four levels according to the navigation observation route, carrying out vehicle-mounted navigation observation, collecting gaseous pollutant observation data and meteorological data of the navigation route, releasing a sounding balloon to obtain the vertical distribution condition of meteorological elements, and collecting position information by using a vehicle-mounted GPS;
s3, calculating the concentration of the gaseous pollutants on the navigation route, estimating the emission flux of the pollutants by combining the vehicle speed and the wind direction of the wind speed, realizing the reconstruction of a concentration field, and determining the emission source region of the gaseous pollutants;
s3.1, calculating the column concentrations and the vertical distribution of gaseous pollutants of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and VOCs by using hyperspectral observation data of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared bands observed in the process of navigation and adopting a differential absorption spectrum and an optimized estimation method;
s3.2, carrying out data gridding assimilation on the concentration data of the vertical column of the gaseous pollutant and the concentration data of the near-ground on an observation path acquired by the vehicle-mounted mobile platform based on a variation fine interpolation technology, considering a wind field and an atmospheric pollutant diffusion function, reconstructing the horizontal distribution of the concentration of the gaseous pollutant in a region, and determining an emission source region of the gaseous pollutant;
s4, removing farmlands, water bodies and residential areas according to interpretation characteristics of the atmospheric pollution enterprises in the emission source area by utilizing multispectral observation data of the high-resolution satellite with the high-resolution No. two high-resolution satellite, and identifying the atmospheric pollution enterprises;
s4.1, in a discharge source region of the gaseous pollutants, calculating an NDVI index by using multispectral data of a high-resolution satellite with a high resolution of a second high resolution, setting a threshold value, and automatically removing a farmland and a water body region;
and S4.2, identifying the atmospheric pollution enterprise in the emission source area according to the interpretation characteristics of the atmospheric pollution enterprise in the aspects of geometry, texture and spectrum, delineating the enterprise area and preliminarily judging the type of the enterprise.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for identifying the atmospheric pollution enterprises by combining the satellite remote sensing and the vehicle-mounted observation utilizes the combination of the satellite remote sensing and the vehicle-mounted observation system, can realize accurate identification on the enterprises with scattered medium and small atmospheric pollution, is convenient for carrying out environment supervision on the enterprises with atmospheric pollution in key areas, and effectively serves for accurate pollution control and air quality improvement of the atmospheric pollution key areas.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention will be made clear below by combining the attached drawings in the embodiment of the invention; fully described, it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: the invention provides an atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, utilizing spatial distribution of gaseous pollutant concentration monitored by hyperspectral satellite remote sensing, and comparing with historical satellite observation data in the past year, finding that the concentration value of the gaseous pollutant abnormally raises pixels, and realizing extraction of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area;
s2, designing a navigation observation route by combining road network data of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area according to the characteristics of a vehicle-mounted observation platform of gaseous pollutants, and carrying out vehicle-mounted navigation observation under appropriate meteorological conditions;
s3, calculating the concentration of the gaseous pollutants on the navigation route, estimating the emission flux of the pollutants by combining the vehicle speed and the wind direction of the wind speed, realizing the reconstruction of a concentration field, and determining the emission source region of the gaseous pollutants;
and S4, removing farmland, water bodies and residential area areas in the emission source area according to the interpretation characteristics of the atmospheric pollution enterprises by using the multispectral observation data of the high-resolution satellite with the high-resolution of the high-resolution satellite with the second high-resolution, and identifying the atmospheric pollution enterprises.
Wherein, the step S1 further includes:
s1.1, extracting the spatial distribution condition of the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide gaseous pollutants in a city or a region of major concern by utilizing the observation data of a hyperspectral satellite in an ultraviolet visible wave band;
s1.2, collecting historical data of concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide gaseous pollutants of a hyperspectral satellite, statistically analyzing annual average and monthly average distribution and histograms of the gaseous pollutants in major concern cities or regions, and setting a monthly gaseous pollutant concentration standard exceeding threshold according to physicochemical characteristics of the gaseous pollutants and the physicochemical characteristics of the gaseous pollutants;
s1.3, extracting the pixels with the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration according to the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration threshold value in S1.2, calculating the ratio of the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration of the pixels to the historical monthly mean value of the pixels, and removing the pixels with higher historical data; and calculating the ratio of the concentration of the gaseous pollutants of the overproof pixel to the average value of the pixels in the range of 3 x 3 around the overproof pixel, and selecting the overproof pixel exceeding the background pixel as an atmosphere pollution abnormal area.
Wherein, the step S2 further includes:
s2.1, combining road network data of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area, avoiding urban main roads and rural continents with heavy dust emission, keeping away from large pollution sources of a power plant, and designing a sailing observation route by adopting a method of combining a closed path with lower wind gap monitoring according to the characteristics of a vehicle-mounted observation platform of gaseous pollutants;
s2.2 the vehicle-mounted observation platform comprises an ultraviolet imaging DOAS, a vehicle-mounted FTIR system, a GPS system and a meteorological instrument vehicle-mounted observation instrument, and can collect the concentration, vertical distribution and observation position, the vehicle speed, the wind speed and the wind direction data of the gaseous pollutants.
S2.3, selecting a time interval with clear and cloudless, no precipitation and wind power below four levels according to the navigation observation route, carrying out vehicle-mounted navigation observation, collecting gaseous pollutant observation data and meteorological data of the navigation route, releasing the sounding balloon to obtain the vertical distribution condition of meteorological elements, and collecting position information by using a vehicle-mounted GPS.
Wherein, the step S3 further includes:
s3.1, calculating the column concentrations and the vertical distribution of gaseous pollutants of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and VOCs by using hyperspectral observation data of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared bands observed in the process of navigation and adopting a differential absorption spectrum and an optimized estimation method;
and S3.2, carrying out data gridding assimilation on the concentration data of the vertical column of the gaseous pollutant and the concentration data near the ground on the observation path acquired by the vehicle-mounted mobile platform based on a variation fine interpolation technology, reconstructing the horizontal distribution of the concentration of the gaseous pollutant in the region by considering a wind field and an atmospheric pollutant diffusion function, and determining an emission source region of the gaseous pollutant.
Wherein, the step S4 further includes:
s4.1, in a discharge source region of the gaseous pollutants, calculating an NDVI index by using multispectral data of a high-resolution satellite with a high resolution of a second high resolution, setting a threshold value, and automatically removing a farmland and a water body region;
and S4.2, identifying the atmospheric pollution enterprise in the emission source area according to the interpretation characteristics of the atmospheric pollution enterprise in the aspects of geometry, texture and spectrum, delineating the enterprise area and preliminarily judging the type of the enterprise.
In this embodiment: the satellite remote sensing observes particulate matters, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide atmospheric pollutants through a sensor carried on a satellite platform, and can obtain the spatial distribution characteristics and the spatial distribution characteristics of the atmospheric pollutants macroscopicallyIts evolution trend. Currently, NO is generally extracted from ultraviolet hyperspectral data observed by satellite2、SO2、O3And the algorithms comprise a differential absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method and a wavelength-to-difference residual error (BRD) method. NO2、SO2、O3When VOCs gaseous pollutants are inverted, generally aiming at an ultraviolet sensor EMI, OMI and TROPOMI, a spectrum differential absorption (DOAS) algorithm is adopted, in the absorption band of the gaseous pollutants, the absorption action of the gaseous pollutants is violent along with the change of the wavelength, the Rayleigh scattering of atmospheric molecules and the meter scattering of aerosol are slow along with the change of the wavelength, the fast-changing part and the slow-changing part along with the wavelength are separated through a spectrum separation technology, and the concentration information of the gaseous pollutants on a solar radiation transmission path can be extracted. The BRD algorithm selects SO in the ultraviolet 310.8nm-314.4nm wave band range2The peaks and troughs of gas absorption (310.8nm,311.9nm,313.2nm and 314.4nm, forming three wavelength pairs, P1-310.8-311.9, P2-311.9-313.2 and P3-313.2-314.4), calculating residual errors by using the three wavelengths to the zenith observation values of the satellite to realize SO2Inversion of column total amount to maximize SO extraction2And (4) effective information.
A Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) monitoring system is mounted on a vehicle to form a vehicle-mounted observation system, measurement is carried out around a certain area, wind speed and wind direction information provided by a meteorological instrument is combined, a GPS system provides longitude and latitude position information of a measuring point, and harmful gas emission flux of the area can be monitored through calculation. At present, research on regional and pollution source pollutant distribution and emission information optical remote sensing monitoring methods on a vehicle-mounted mobile platform is developed domestically, and a pollutant column concentration obtaining method, a plurality of atmospheric interference effect correction methods, a cloud interference correction method and a pollutant emission flux algorithm based on an atmospheric radiation model are obtained.
Utilize satellite remote sensing and on-vehicle observation system to combine, can realize accurate discernment to the little atmosphere pollution enterprise that distributes scattered, can provide important scientific and technological support for the atmosphere pollution enterprise environment supervision of key area, effectively serve the improvement of the accurate system dirt of atmosphere pollution key area and air quality.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be used in any combination, provided that there is no structural conflict, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and conservation of resources. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. An atmospheric pollution enterprise identification method combining satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted observation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, utilizing spatial distribution of gaseous pollutant concentration monitored by hyperspectral satellite remote sensing, and comparing with historical satellite observation data in the past year, finding that the concentration value of the gaseous pollutant abnormally raises pixels, and realizing extraction of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area;
s1.1, extracting the spatial distribution condition of the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide gaseous pollutants in a city or a region of major concern by utilizing the observation data of a hyperspectral satellite in an ultraviolet visible wave band;
s1.2, collecting historical data of concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide gaseous pollutants of a hyperspectral satellite, statistically analyzing annual average and monthly average distribution and histograms of the gaseous pollutants in major concern cities or regions, and setting a monthly gaseous pollutant concentration standard exceeding threshold value according to physicochemical characteristics of the gaseous pollutants;
s1.3, extracting the pixels with the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration according to the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration threshold value in S1.2, calculating the ratio of the excessive gaseous pollutant concentration of the pixels to the historical monthly mean value of the pixels, and removing the pixels with higher historical data; calculating the ratio of the concentration of gaseous pollutants of the overproof pixel to the average value of the pixels in the range of 3 x 3 around the overproof pixel, and selecting the overproof pixel exceeding the background pixel as an atmospheric pollution abnormal area;
s2, designing a navigation observation route according to the characteristics of a vehicle-mounted observation platform of the gaseous pollutants by combining road network data of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area, and developing vehicle-mounted navigation observation;
s2.1, combining road network data of an atmospheric pollution abnormal area, avoiding urban main roads and rural continents with heavy dust emission, keeping away from large pollution sources of a power plant, and designing a sailing observation route by adopting a method of combining a closed path with lower wind gap monitoring according to the characteristics of a vehicle-mounted observation platform of gaseous pollutants;
s2.2, the vehicle-mounted observation platform comprises an ultraviolet imaging DOAS, a vehicle-mounted FTIR system, a GPS system and a meteorological instrument vehicle-mounted observation instrument, and can collect the concentration, vertical distribution and observation position, the vehicle speed, the wind speed and the wind direction data of the gaseous pollutants;
s2.3, selecting a clear and cloudless time interval without precipitation and wind power below four levels according to the navigation observation route, carrying out vehicle-mounted navigation observation, collecting gaseous pollutant observation data and meteorological data of the navigation route, releasing a sounding balloon to obtain the vertical distribution condition of meteorological elements, and collecting position information by using a vehicle-mounted GPS;
s3, calculating the concentration of the gaseous pollutants on the navigation route, estimating the emission flux of the pollutants by combining the vehicle speed and the wind direction of the wind speed, realizing the reconstruction of a concentration field, and determining the emission source region of the gaseous pollutants;
s3.1, calculating the column concentrations and the vertical distribution of gaseous pollutants of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and VOCs by using hyperspectral observation data of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared bands observed in the process of navigation and adopting a differential absorption spectrum and an optimized estimation method;
s3.2, carrying out data gridding assimilation on the concentration data of the vertical column of the gaseous pollutant and the concentration data of the near-ground on an observation path acquired by the vehicle-mounted mobile platform based on a variation fine interpolation technology, considering a wind field and an atmospheric pollutant diffusion function, reconstructing the horizontal distribution of the concentration of the gaseous pollutant in a region, and determining an emission source region of the gaseous pollutant;
s4, removing farmlands, water bodies and residential areas according to interpretation characteristics of the atmospheric pollution enterprises in the emission source area by utilizing multispectral observation data of the high-resolution satellite with the high-resolution No. two high-resolution satellite, and identifying the atmospheric pollution enterprises;
s4.1, in a discharge source region of the gaseous pollutants, calculating an NDVI index by using multispectral data of a high-resolution satellite with a high resolution of a second high resolution, setting a threshold value, and automatically removing a farmland and a water body region;
and S4.2, identifying the atmospheric pollution enterprise in the emission source area according to the interpretation characteristics of the atmospheric pollution enterprise in the aspects of geometry, texture and spectrum, delineating the enterprise area and preliminarily judging the type of the enterprise.
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