CN112683062A - Ultrafast sintering method and device for ceramic material - Google Patents

Ultrafast sintering method and device for ceramic material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112683062A
CN112683062A CN202011422329.9A CN202011422329A CN112683062A CN 112683062 A CN112683062 A CN 112683062A CN 202011422329 A CN202011422329 A CN 202011422329A CN 112683062 A CN112683062 A CN 112683062A
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China
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ceramic
green body
ceramic green
sintering
voltage
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CN202011422329.9A
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CN112683062B (en
Inventor
晏年平
王希林
蔡木良
潘建兵
陈�田
邓志祥
李想
贾志东
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co Ltd
Shenzhen International Graduate School of Tsinghua University
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co Ltd
Shenzhen International Graduate School of Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrafast sintering method of a ceramic material, which relates to the technical field of ceramic sintering and comprises the following steps: providing a raw ceramic green body; connecting two ends of the ceramic green body with a flexible electrode respectively; connecting the flexible electrode to a power source in a closed loop to apply a voltage to the ceramic green body; raising the voltage to a preset voltage value until flash burning occurs between the flexible electrodes, returning the voltage to zero after maintaining for a preset time period, and turning off the power supply to obtain sintered ceramic; the invention also provides a sintering device. The invention has the beneficial effects that the flexible electrodes are arranged at the two ends of the ceramic blank body for firing, so that the problem that the sample is fractured due to the mechanical stress generated in the ceramic blank body when flash firing occurs is solved, and the yield of flash firing experiments is effectively improved.

Description

Ultrafast sintering method and device for ceramic material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic sintering, in particular to an ultrafast sintering method and a sintering device for ceramic materials.
Background
Ceramic materials have found wide application in various fields, for example, in the manufacture of solar cells, piezoelectric devices, and the like. The formation of the ceramic material requires that the ceramic powder is changed into a green body through a forming technology, and then the grain of the green body is migrated and grown through a sintering technology, and the green body is shrunk to form the ceramic material. When the ceramic is sintered by the traditional high-temperature sintering method, the sintering temperature is generally over 1000 ℃, and the energy consumption and the cost are higher.
In recent years, a number of new ceramic sintering techniques have emerged. Among them, "Flash Sintering" (Flash Sintering) is a new Sintering process that reduces the Sintering temperature of ceramics with the assistance of electric field and greatly shortens the time required for Sintering. However, the shortening of the sintering time also leads to a new problem that the material shrinkage becomes more rapid and violent, and the two ends of the sample in the flash firing process device in the prior art are clamped by electrodes or stretched by metal wires, which causes great mechanical stress to occur in the material during shrinkage, and the stress can cause the sample to bend and even break, thereby greatly reducing the flash firing yield. In addition, the process of coating conductive paint such as silver paste or platinum paste on the ceramic to form a conductive layer as an electrode is a basic process of flash firing at present, the process not only increases the procedures of coating the electrode and drying, but also after sintering, the ceramic material under the electrode cannot be fully sintered to meet the densification requirement, so that the lower part of the electrode needs to be cut off, and great waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art and provides an ultrafast sintering method and a sintering device for ceramic materials.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
an ultra-fast sintering method of ceramic materials comprises the following steps:
providing a raw ceramic green body;
connecting two ends of the ceramic green body with a flexible electrode respectively;
connecting the flexible electrode to a power source in a closed loop to apply a voltage to the ceramic green body;
and raising the voltage to a preset voltage value until flash burning occurs between the flexible electrodes, returning the voltage to zero after maintaining for a preset time period, and turning off the power supply so as to obtain the sintered ceramic.
Preferably, the flexible electrode spacers are arranged at two ends of the ceramic green body, the two ends of the flexible electrode are stretched outwards through a lead to apply an outwards pulling force to the flexible electrode, and the other end of the lead is connected with a power supply.
Preferably, both ends of the flexible electrode are stretched outwards along the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the ceramic green body through the lead wires.
Preferably, the flexible electrode is a graphite felt.
Preferably, the predetermined voltage value is 0.1-30 kV.
Preferably, the predetermined time is 5 to 120 s.
Preferably, the power supply is a direct current power supply or an alternating current power supply or a pulse power supply, and the frequency range of the alternating current power supply or the pulse power supply is 0.05-50 kHz.
Preferably, the flexible electrode is connected to a power supply to apply a voltage to the ceramic green body while the ceramic green body is placed in a heating device to be heated; or/and placing the ceramic green body in air or inert gas +5 wt% hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere.
An ultrafast sintering apparatus for a ceramic material, comprising:
the sintering container is used for accommodating or placing the ceramic green body;
the flexible electrodes are arranged at two ends of the ceramic green body and are electrically connected with the ceramic green body;
the lead is connected with two ends of the flexible electrode and can apply outward tensile force to the two ends of the flexible electrode;
and the power supply is connected with the lead to form a closed loop with the flexible electrode and is used for applying voltage to the ceramic green body.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the heating device is used for heating the ceramic green body;
and the atmosphere control device is used for controlling the atmosphere in the sintering container.
The invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the flexible electrodes are arranged at the two ends of the ceramic blank body for firing, the ceramic blank body is quickly shrunk when flash firing occurs in the firing process, the flexible electrodes are always attached to and cover the ceramic blank body, the electrical contact is good, the arc discharge phenomenon is not found, and the ceramic is not bent or broken; compared with the prior art, the method solves the problem that the sample is fractured due to the mechanical stress generated inside the ceramic green body when flash firing occurs, and effectively improves the yield of flash firing experiments. Meanwhile, the invention does not need to coat a conductive layer on the ceramic green body to form an electrode, thereby not only reducing the working procedures, but also avoiding the problem that the ceramic material under the electrode can not be fully sintered to meet the densification requirement, and providing a new technical scheme for the ceramic flash firing technology. The invention still keeps the characteristics of short sintering time, low energy consumption, simple device and the like of the flash combustion technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a sintering apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention showing the connection structure of a flexible electrode and a ceramic green body;
reference numerals: 1. a ceramic green body; 2. a flexible electrode; 3. a power source; 4. a voltmeter; 5. an ammeter; 6. and (4) protecting the resistor.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an apparatus for ultrafast sintering of a ceramic material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:
and the sintering container is used for accommodating or placing the ceramic green body 1.
The flexible electrodes 2 are respectively arranged at two ends of the ceramic green body 1 and are electrically connected with the ceramic green body 1; specifically, the flexible electrode 2 is sleeved at two ends of the ceramic green body 1 along a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the ceramic green body 1, and two ends of the flexible electrode 2 extend out of the ceramic green body 1.
The lead is connected with two ends of the flexible electrode 2 and can apply outward pulling force to two ends of the flexible electrode 2;
and a power supply 3 connected to the lead wire so as to form a closed circuit with the flexible electrode 2 for applying a voltage to the ceramic green sheet 1.
And a voltmeter 4 connected in parallel with the ceramic green sheets 1 for detecting the voltage across the ceramic green sheets 1.
And an ammeter 5 connected in series with the ceramic green sheet 1 for detecting an electric current passing through the ceramic green sheet 1.
And the protective resistor 6 is connected with the ceramic green body 1 in series.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
a heating device for heating the ceramic green body 1;
and an atmosphere control device for controlling the atmosphere in the sintering container.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for ultrafast sintering of a ceramic material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, placing the ceramic powder with the grain diameter of 10nm-1 μm after ball milling and granulation into a die to be extruded and molded under the pressure range of 40-800MPa to form a ceramic blank body 1, wherein the shape of the ceramic blank body 1 includes but is not limited to: regular or irregular geometric shapes such as dog bone shape, cylinder, cuboid and the like;
s2, two ends of the ceramic green body 1 are respectively connected with a flexible electrode 2, a certain distance is reserved between the two flexible electrodes 2, so that the ceramic green body 1 is electrically connected with the flexible electrodes 2, specifically, the flexible electrodes 2 are respectively sleeved at two ends of the ceramic green body 1, two ends of the flexible electrodes 2 are respectively connected with one end of a lead, two ends of the flexible electrodes 2 are outwards stretched along the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the ceramic green body 1 through the lead, outwards pulling force is applied to two ends of the flexible electrodes 2, and the pulling force strength is smaller than the breaking tensile strength of the flexible electrode material.
S3, connecting the other end of the lead with the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply 3 to form a closed loop so as to apply voltage to the ceramic green body 1; specifically, the power supply 3 is a direct current power supply 3 or an alternating current power supply 3 or a pulse power supply 3, and the frequency range of the alternating current power supply 3 or the pulse power supply 3 is 0.05-50 kHz. Preferably, while the flexible electrode 2 is connected to the power supply 3 to apply a voltage to the ceramic green sheet 1, the ceramic green sheet 1 may be placed in a heating device to be heated; or/and placing the ceramic green body 1 in an atmosphere of air or inert gas +5 wt% hydrogen gas mixture.
And S4, raising the voltage to a preset voltage value, so that flash burning occurs between the flexible electrodes 2, namely, the voltage suddenly drops and the waveform is distorted, the current value suddenly rises, the flexible electrodes 2 emit light and heat, timing is started from the flash burning occurrence time, the voltage is reset to zero after a preset time period is maintained, the power supply 3, the selected atmosphere control equipment and the heating equipment are turned off, the ceramic is removed from contact with the flexible electrodes after being cooled, and the ceramic is taken out and stored until the sintering is finished, so that the sintered ceramic is obtained. Specifically, the predetermined voltage value is 0.1-30kV, and the predetermined time is 5-120 s.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides an ultrafast sintering apparatus for ceramic materials, comprising:
and a sintering container for accommodating the ceramic green body 1.
Two flexible electrodes 2 are respectively sleeved at two ends of the ceramic green body 1 along the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the ceramic green body 1, and two ends of the flexible electrodes 2 extend out from two ends of the ceramic green body 1.
The lead is connected with two ends of the flexible electrode 2 and can apply outward pulling force to two ends of the flexible electrode 2;
and a power supply 3 connected to the lead wire to form a closed loop with the flexible electrode 2 for applying a voltage to the flexible electrode 2.
And a voltmeter 4 connected in parallel with the ceramic green sheets 1 for detecting the voltage across the ceramic green sheets 1.
And an ammeter 5 connected in series with the ceramic green sheet 1 for detecting an electric current passing through the ceramic green sheet 1.
And the protective resistor 6 is connected with the ceramic green body 1 in series.
The atmosphere control device, specifically a vacuum box, is communicated with the sintering container and is used for exhausting air in the sintering container.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an ultrafast sintering method of ceramic materials, which is implemented by adopting the sintering device in fig. 1, and the power supply 3 adopts a power frequency alternating current power supply 3. The ceramic green compact 1 is prepared by pressing and molding zinc oxide powder with the average grain diameter of 30nm, and the ceramic green compact 1 is in a dog bone shape; fig. 2 shows a method for connecting the ceramic green body 1 and the flexible electrode, in this embodiment, the flexible electrode is made of graphite felt, and the cubic size between the flexible electrodes 2 at two ends of the ceramic green body 1 is 13mm × 3.3mm × 1.7 mm.
Firstly, adjusting the air pressure in a sintering container to 0.02MPa by using a vacuum box; the power supply 3 was turned on and the voltage was gradually increased from zero to 4kV and maintained, after which the current through the ceramic green body 1 was gradually increased over 2min until flash firing occurred, at which time the current through the sample was 600 mA. After the state is maintained for 30s, the voltage returns to zero, the power supply 3 is disconnected, the air pressure is recovered, the ceramic is released from the contact with the flexible electrode 2 after being cooled, and the ceramic is taken out for storage, and the sintering is finished.
The current through the ceramic green body 1 during this firing shows a tendency to change rapidly → slowly rises → when flash firing occurs → remains substantially unchanged; the density, the conductivity, the mechanical property and the like of the ceramic body are in a changing trend of continuously rising to be basically unchanged in the firing process; in the firing process, the ceramic blank 1 is quickly shrunk when flash firing occurs, the graphite felt is always attached to and wraps the ceramic blank, the electrical contact is good, the arc discharge phenomenon is not found, and the ceramic is not bent or broken; the surface temperature of the ceramic body is gradually increased to over 300 ℃ along with the rise of voltage in the sintering process, and is suddenly increased to over 1000 ℃ during flash firing and is basically kept unchanged.
The sintered ceramic of example 1 was tested by archimedes drainage and the calculations showed that the sintered ceramic of example 1 had a density of 98%.
Comparative example
And (3) respectively spraying conductive silver paste on two ends of the ceramic green body 1 to form electrodes, then respectively winding the electrodes on two electrodes by using leads, connecting the leads with a power supply, and completing the sintering of the ceramic green body by the other steps in the same way as the embodiment 2.
The comparative sintered ceramic was tested using the archimedes drainage method and the calculations showed that the comparative sintered ceramic had a density of 94%.
Comparing the ceramics obtained by sintering in the embodiment 2 and the comparative example, the density of the sintered ceramics in the embodiment 2 is higher than that of the comparative example (adopting a non-flexible electrode), so that the invention overcomes the problem that the two ends of the sample are clamped or stretched in the existing flash firing process to cause the sample to bend or even break due to internal stress when flash firing occurs by introducing the flexible electrode to be electrically connected with the ceramic blank; compared with the prior art, the invention does not need to coat a conductive layer on the ceramic green body to form an electrode, thereby not only reducing the electrode coating and drying procedures, but also avoiding the problem that the ceramic material under the electrode can not be fully sintered to meet the densification requirement. Meanwhile, the method for realizing the flash firing of the ceramic by utilizing the flexible electrode has the advantages of low sintering temperature, low energy consumption, high yield and the like, and still keeps the characteristics of short sintering time, simple device and the like of the flash firing technology.
The above are merely characteristic embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. All technical solutions formed by equivalent exchanges or equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ultra-fast sintering method of ceramic materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a raw ceramic green body (1);
respectively connecting two ends of the ceramic green body (1) with a flexible electrode (2);
connecting the flexible electrode (2) with a power supply (3) in a closed loop to apply a voltage to the ceramic green body (1);
and raising the voltage to a preset voltage value until flash firing occurs between the flexible electrodes (2), after maintaining for a preset time period, returning the voltage to zero, and turning off the power supply (3) so as to obtain the sintered ceramic.
2. The ultrafast sintering method of ceramic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flexible electrodes (2) are sleeved on both ends of said ceramic green body (1) at intervals, and both ends of said flexible electrodes (2) are stretched outwards by a wire to apply an outward pulling force to said flexible electrodes (2), and the other end of said wire is connected to said power source (3).
3. The ultrafast sintering method of ceramic material as claimed in claim 2, wherein both ends of said flexible electrode (2) are stretched outwards perpendicular to the length direction of said ceramic green body (1) by said wire.
4. A method of ultrafast sintering of ceramic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flexible electrode (2) is a graphite felt.
5. The ultrafast sintering method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined voltage is 0.1-30 kV.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined time is 5-120 s.
7. A method of ultrafast sintering of ceramic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power source (3) is a dc power source or an ac power source or a pulsed power source, said ac power source or pulsed power source having a frequency in the range of 0.05-50 kHz.
8. The ultrafast sintering method of ceramic material according to claim 1, wherein said ceramic green body (1) is heated in a heating device while said flexible electrode (2) is connected to a power source (3) to apply a voltage to said ceramic green body (1); or/and placing the ceramic green body (1) in air or inert gas +5 wt% hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere.
9. An ultrafast sintering apparatus for a ceramic material, comprising:
a sintering container for accommodating or placing the ceramic green body (1);
the flexible electrodes (2) are arranged at two ends of the ceramic green body (1) and are electrically connected with the ceramic green body (1);
the lead is connected with two ends of the flexible electrode (2) and can apply outward tension to two ends of the flexible electrode (2);
and the power supply (3) is connected with the lead wire to form a closed loop with the flexible electrode (2) and is used for applying voltage to the ceramic green body (1).
10. The apparatus for ultrafast sintering of ceramic material as claimed in claim 9, further comprising:
a heating device for heating the ceramic green body (1);
and the atmosphere control device is used for controlling the atmosphere in the sintering container.
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CN114907102A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-08-16 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Ceramic material and room-temperature ultrafast reactive sintering method thereof

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CN113327734B (en) * 2021-05-13 2022-05-06 佛山华骏特瓷科技有限公司 Resistor disc preparation method
CN114907102A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-08-16 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Ceramic material and room-temperature ultrafast reactive sintering method thereof

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