CN112679246A - Method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable catalytic material - Google Patents
Method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable catalytic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112679246A CN112679246A CN202110101809.3A CN202110101809A CN112679246A CN 112679246 A CN112679246 A CN 112679246A CN 202110101809 A CN202110101809 A CN 202110101809A CN 112679246 A CN112679246 A CN 112679246A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing a sustainable catalytic material, belonging to the technical field of solid waste treatment and recycling. The invention provides a method for preparing organic solid wastes, which comprises the steps of crushing organic solid wastes, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content; composting the composting raw materials, and adding a catalytic material to obtain a compost product; the catalytic material comprises manganese dioxide, ferrous oxide, biochar, modified biochar and/or a modified material combining manganese dioxide and biochar. The catalytic material has the function of catalyzing humic acid precursor compounds including polyphenol, quinone, organic acid and other small molecular compounds to form humic acid through chemical reaction condensation, so that the content of the humic acid in compost fermentation is increased. The invention further burns and shapes the catalytic material for composting, which is not only beneficial to improving the content of humic acid, but also realizes the recycling of the catalytic material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment and recycling, and particularly relates to a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing a sustainable catalytic material.
Background
The organic solid waste is called organic solid waste for short, and refers to organic waste which is produced and living in industry, agriculture, animal husbandry and cities and towns and can be spontaneously hydrolyzed or hydrolyzed by microorganisms, and comprises industrial organic waste, straws, livestock manure, kitchen waste, household waste, municipal sludge and the like. The organic solid waste accumulation not only causes resource waste, but also causes secondary pollution to the environment due to pollutants contained in the organic solid waste accumulation, waste gas and percolate generated in the accumulation process, and the like, and seriously threatens the ecological environment and human health. In order to solve the problems, at present, the biomass conversion is carried out on the organic solid wastes mostly by adopting modes of fermentation, landfill, gasification incineration, composting and the like, so that the resource utilization of the organic solid wastes is realized.
The early concept of humic acid originated from soil humus, which refers to a brownish black organic matter formed by decomposing and transforming animals and plants in soil by microorganisms after death. Before a century, the concept of humus was introduced into compost, and the humic acid formation process of compost was considered to be a rapid process of soil humus formation, but the structural complexity and stability of humus in compost were far lower than those of soil humus, so humus which is relatively "younger" in compost was often called humic acid. Research shows that humic acid in compost has similar physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties with humic substances in soil. Firstly, humic acid of compost can also be leached by alkali and is separated into alkali-soluble acid-insoluble humic acid components and acid-soluble alkali-insoluble fulvic acid components by acid; secondly, the structure of the humic acid of the compost is similar to that of humus in soil, the carbon skeletons of the humic acid and the soil are connected with rich (oxygen-containing) functional groups such as carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, peptide bond, amino, carbonyl, quinonyl and the like, and under natural conditions, compounds containing the groups are polymerized to form an aromatic core structure of the humic acid and are externally connected with a plurality of alkane compounds to further form a humic acid macromolecule; moreover, compost humic acid also has the capacity of soil humus to adsorb fixed pollutants. Thus, humic acid is one of the most important by-products of composting and is the main reason why compost has an environmental effect. The high organic carbon and active functional group content of the humic acid can play an important role in the fields of agriculture and environment, such as promoting the growth of crops, improving the resistance of the crops, adsorbing and fixing pesticide pollution and the like. It follows that the important role of humic acid in composting is self evident.
In the prior art, the composting method usually solves the problem of low content of humic acid in the existing composting method by adding a humic acid precursor substance in stages, but the method needs to add different kinds of wastes at different periods of composting fermentation, so that the operation of the composting process is complex and tedious.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for increasing the content of humic acid in organic solid waste compost by using a sustainable catalytic material, which is simple and convenient to operate and can effectively increase the yield of humic acid in organic solid waste compost.
The invention provides a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing catalytic materials, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing organic solid wastes, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30, and adjusting the water content to 60% -65% to obtain compost raw materials;
2) and composting the composting raw materials, and adding a catalytic material to obtain a compost product.
Preferably, the catalytic material comprises manganese dioxide, ferrous oxide, biochar, modified biochar and/or a modified material of manganese dioxide and biochar in combination.
Preferably, the modified biochar is prepared by the following steps:
under the protection of nitrogen, treating the biochar for 60-70 min at 680-720 ℃ by taking ammonia as a modifying atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
the flow rate of the ammonia gas is 340-360 ml/min.
Preferably, the manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified material is prepared by the following steps:
fully mixing the biochar, potassium permanganate and deionized water, dropwise adding a manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution into the mixed solution to generate manganese dioxide precipitate, heating to 75-85 ℃, keeping the temperature at 25-35 ℃, collecting the biochar attached with manganese dioxide, and washing to obtain the manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified material.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the biochar to the potassium permanganate to the deionized water is 5:1: 60;
preferably, the addition ratio of the deionized water to the manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution is 100 mL: 5.1909 g;
preferably, the concentration of the manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution is 0.3M.
Preferably, the catalytic material is added just after the end of the high temperature period and before the compost cooling period.
Preferably, the catalytic material is present as a fired functional material.
Preferably, the fired functional material is obtained by the following preparation method: mixing the catalytic material with mixed clay, making blank, and firing to form.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the catalytic material to the mixed soil is 1: (9-10).
Preferably, the mixed soil is a mixture formed by mixing ore and clay according to a mass ratio of (8-10): 1.
Preferably, the ore comprises illite, montmorillonite or kaolinite.
The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by using the catalytic material comprises the steps of crushing the organic solid waste, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30, and adjusting the water content to 60-65%, so that on one hand, the method is beneficial to the decomposition of microorganisms in the compost, on the other hand, the method is beneficial to reducing the loss of nitrogen and promoting the decomposition of the compost, and the catalytic material is added in the composting process of the obtained compost raw material, and has the effect of catalyzing small molecular compounds such as polyphenol, quinone, organic acid, carboxyl compounds, reducing sugar and amino acid to form humic acid through chemical reaction condensation, so that the humic acid content in compost fermentation is improved. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the straw is used as the organic solid waste material for composting for 60 days, and the concentration of humic acid in the finally obtained compost is 107.3 +/-5.3-110.6 +/-5.2 mg/kg; composting for 60 days by taking chicken manure as a material to obtain compost with the concentration of humic acid of 143.3 +/-6.4-150.7 +/-6.4 mg/kg; compared with a control group without adding catalytic material compost, the method provided by the invention improves the humic acid content in the compost by 30.9-39.1%.
Furthermore, the invention specifically limits the catalytic material to be manganese dioxide, ferrous oxide, biochar, modified biochar, and a modified material combining manganese dioxide and biochar. The capability of different catalytic materials for synthesizing humic acid in different organic solid waste composts shows obvious difference, and experiments show that the straw organic solid waste is suitable for composting by adopting manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified materials, and the excrement organic solid waste is suitable for composting by adopting ferrous oxide, biochar and modified biochar.
Furthermore, the invention specifically defines that the catalytic material participates in composting in the form of fired shaped functional material. The catalyst and the mixed soil are fired and molded into various shapes, such as round, cuboid, cube, ring, tubular and honeycomb shapes, and the like, and the catalyst and the mixed soil are added into the compost, so that the function of catalyzing the chemical reaction of the material to condense and form humic acid can be realized, the porosity of the compost is increased due to the shapes, the composting process is promoted, and meanwhile, the material is easy to separate from the raw materials and is suitable for recycling and repeated cyclic utilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a catalytic material formed by firing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the temperature change during composting.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable catalytic materials, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing organic solid wastes, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30, and adjusting the water content to 60% -65% to obtain compost raw materials;
2) and composting the composting raw materials, and adding a catalytic material to obtain a compost product.
According to the invention, organic solid waste is crushed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25-30, and the water content is adjusted to 60% -65%, so that the compost raw material is obtained.
In the invention, the organic solid waste preferably comprises industrial organic waste, straw, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste, household garbage, municipal sludge and the like. The method of the pulverization is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a pulverization method known in the art, such as shearing, grinding and the like, may be used. The length of the organic solid waste after crushing is preferably 2-3 cm. The invention preferably uses a single kind of organic solid waste as a material, and uses another kind of organic solid waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio). The carbon-nitrogen ratio is obtained by measuring the concentration of organic carbon by using a TOC instrument and measuring the Kjeldahl nitrogen content of organic solid waste by using a Kjeldahl nitrogen method. The carbon-nitrogen ratio is preferably 26-29, and more preferably 27. The invention adopts tap water to adjust the water content of the raw materials to be preferably 65 percent. The moisture content is beneficial to the microbial action during composting.
After obtaining the compost raw materials, the invention composts the compost raw materials, and adds a catalytic material to obtain a compost product.
In the present invention, composting includes temperature-controlled composting and natural composting. The temperature controlled composting is preferably controlled by controlling the temperature of the compost mass at different times during the composting process (see figure 2), suitable for the composting mode under laboratory conditions. The natural composting does not interfere with the temperature in the composting process, and adopts a natural temperature rising and reducing method.
In the present invention, the catalytic material preferably comprises manganese dioxide, ferrous oxide, biochar, modified biochar, and/or a modified material of manganese dioxide in combination with biochar. The sources of manganese dioxide, ferrous oxide and biochar are not limited in any way, and can be those known in the art.
In the present invention, the modified biochar is preferably prepared by the following steps: and under the protection of nitrogen, treating the biochar for 60-70 min at 680-720 ℃ by taking ammonia as a modifying atmosphere to obtain the nitrogen modified biochar. The flow rate of the ammonia gas is 340-360 ml/min, and more preferably 350 ml/min. The temperature of the treatment is preferably 700 ℃. The particle size of the biochar is preferably 2-0.5 mm, and more preferably 1-0.5 mm. The temperature of the treatment is preferably 60 min.
In the invention, the manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified material is preferably prepared by the following steps: fully mixing the biochar, potassium permanganate and deionized water, dropwise adding a manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution into the mixed solution to generate manganese dioxide precipitate, heating to 75-85 ℃, keeping the temperature at 25-35 ℃, collecting the biochar attached with manganese dioxide, and washing to obtain the manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified material. The mass ratio of the biochar to the potassium permanganate to the deionized water is preferably 5:1: 60. The addition ratio of the deionized water to the tetrahydrate manganese acetate solution is 100 mL: 5.1909 g. The concentration of the manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution is preferably 0.3M. The sources of the biochar, potassium permanganate, deionized water and manganese acetate tetrahydrate are not particularly limited in the invention, and can be prepared from medicine sources well known in the field.
In the invention, the type of the catalytic material is selected according to the types of different organic solid wastes: when the organic solid waste is crop waste, manganese dioxide and/or manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified materials are preferably adopted for composting; when the organic solid waste is human and animal excrement, ferrous oxide, biochar and modified biochar are preferably adopted. The catalytic material is preferably added in an amount of 2 to 5 per thousand, more preferably 2.5 to 4.5 per thousand, and most preferably 3 per thousand, based on the total mass of the compost raw materials by dry weight.
In the present invention, the timing of the addition of the catalytic material can also directly influence the factors of humic acid formation after composting. The catalytic material is preferably added to facilitate the formation of humic acid when entering the cooling phase beginning immediately at the end of the high temperature phase of composting, as compared to the initial phase, the warming phase, the high temperature phase and the rotten phase of composting. The composting is divided into an initial period, a temperature rise period, a high temperature period, a temperature reduction period and a rotten period according to the temperature change of the process. The initial period is the day of stacking (0 d). The temperature rise period is 1 to 5 days after pile formation. The high temperature period is 6 th to 8 th days after stacking, the temperature reduction period is 9 th to 15 th days after stacking, and the rotten period is 16 th days after stacking and later, which are shown in figure 2.
In the present invention, in order to recycle the catalytic material, the catalytic material is preferably in the form of a fired functional material, so that the functional material has a large volume after composting and is easily separated from the decomposed compost. The functional material formed by firing is preferably obtained by the following preparation method: mixing the catalytic material with mixed clay, making blank, and firing to form. The mass ratio of the catalytic material to the mixed soil is preferably 1: (9-10); more preferably 1: 9. the mixed soil is preferably a mixture formed by mixing ore and clay according to the mass ratio of (8-10): 1. The ore preferably comprises illite, montmorillonite or kaolinite. The blank is preferably made into a shape of a circle, a cube, a cuboid, a ring, a tube, a honeycomb and the like. The firing temperature is preferably 800-1000 ℃, and more preferably 900 ℃. After composting is finished and functional materials are taken out of the decomposed compost, the residual compost material on the functional material body can be removed by means of wiping, cleaning and the like, but cannot be washed by water.
The method for increasing the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable catalytic material provided by the invention is described in detail by combining the following examples, but the method cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the invention.
Example 1
1. Experimental materials: the rice straw is from the residue of rice harvested in the previous year; the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm; the straw degrading bacteria agent is purchased from straw decomposing agents produced by Niilongjiang province bacteria Yiliangkang scientific and technological development Limited company.
2. A method for improving the content of humic acid in organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting begins, crushing the obtained straws to 2-3 cm in length, then adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to about 25 by using chicken manure, adjusting the water content of the material to about 65% by using distilled water, and inoculating a lignocellulose efficient hydrolytic microbial inoculum into the material, wherein the inoculation amount is 2% of the dry weight of the material.
(2) Adding manganese dioxide catalytic material which accounts for 5 per mill of the dry weight of the compost when the high-temperature period of the compost is just finished, and continuously composting.
(3) After composting is finished, separating out catalytic materials, removing compost residues attached to the surface, wherein the catalytic materials can be used for composting other materials, and determining the content of humic acid in the composts after the composts are thoroughly decomposed.
The method for measuring the content of humic acid comprises the following steps: 1g of ground compost air-dried samples were dried according to a 1: 20(w/v, dry weight) in a 0.1M Na content4P2O7·10H2And oscillating the mixed solution of O and 0.1M NaOH at the room temperature at 200rpm for 24 hours, centrifuging the mixed solution at 8000rpm for 10 minutes, repeating the steps twice, mixing the obtained supernatant, and filtering the mixed supernatant through a 0.45-micrometer filter membrane to obtain the compost humic acid solution. And (4) determining the total organic carbon content of the humic acid solution by using a TOC analyzer to obtain the carbon content of the humic acid. The method is adopted to randomly select 3 positions from the compost to collect samples for detection.
Through the above experiments, compost experiments for 60 days were carried out with the stacks to which no catalytic material was added as a control group. After 60 days of composting treatment, the final concentration of humic acid in the experimental group is 107.3 +/-5.3 mg/kg, the final concentration of humic acid in the control group is 79.5 +/-3.7 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the content of humic acid in the experimental group is improved by 34.9 percent. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
Example 2
1. Experimental materials:
the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm, and is composted after being aired.
2. A method for improving the content of humic acid in organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting, the obtained chicken manure is crushed to about 2cm in length, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to about 30 by using wood chips, and the water content of the materials is adjusted to about 65% by using distilled water.
(2) Adding ferrous oxide catalytic material accounting for 2 per mill of the dry weight of the compost when the high temperature period of the compost is just finished, and continuously composting.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, composting experiments for 60 days were carried out using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content at 3 positions was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting treatment, the final humic acid concentration in the experimental group is 145.7 +/-8.5 mg/kg, the final humic acid concentration in the control group is 109.5 +/-4.8 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the humic acid content in the experimental group is increased by 33.1 percent. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
Example 3
1. Experimental materials: the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm, and is composted after being aired.
2. A method for improving the content of humic acid in organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting begins, the obtained chicken manure is crushed to about 2cm in length, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to about 29 by using wood chips, and the water content of the materials is adjusted to about 65% by using distilled water.
(2) Adding 4 per mill of biochar catalytic material which accounts for the dry weight of the compost when the high-temperature period of the compost is just finished, and continuing the composting experiment.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, composting experiments for 60 days were carried out using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content at 3 positions was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting treatment, the final concentration of humic acid in the experimental group is 143.3 +/-6.4 mg/kg, the final concentration of humic acid in the control group is 109.5 +/-4.8 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the content of humic acid in the experimental group is increased by 30.9%. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
Example 4
1. Experimental materials: the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm, and is composted after being aired.
2. The embodiment provides a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting begins, the obtained chicken manure is crushed to about 2cm in length, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to about 25 by using wood dust, and the water content of the materials is adjusted to about 65% by using distilled water.
(2) Adding 4 per mill of modified biochar catalytic material which accounts for the dry weight of the compost when the high-temperature period of the compost is just finished, and continuing the composting experiment. The preparation method of the modified biochar comprises the steps of treating the biochar at 700 ℃ for 60min under the protection of nitrogen and with ammonia gas as a modifying atmosphere and the flow rate of the ammonia gas being 350ml/min to obtain the modified biochar.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, composting experiments for 60 days were carried out using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content at 3 positions was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting treatment, the final humic acid concentration in the experimental group is 150.7 +/-6.4 mg/kg, the final humic acid concentration in the control group is 109.5 +/-4.8 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the humic acid content in the experimental group is increased by 37.6 percent. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
Example 5
1. Experimental materials: the rice straw is from the residue of rice harvested in the previous year; the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm.
2. The embodiment provides a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting begins, crushing the obtained straws to 2-3 cm in length, then adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be about 28 by using chicken manure, adjusting the water content of the material to be about 65% by using distilled water, and inoculating a lignocellulose efficient hydrolytic microbial inoculum into the material, wherein the inoculation amount is 2% of the dry weight of the material.
(2) Adding 3 per mill of manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified catalytic materials which account for the dry weight of the compost when the high-temperature period of the compost is just finished, and continuing the composting experiment. The manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified material is prepared by the following steps: fully mixing biochar, potassium permanganate and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar to the potassium permanganate to the deionized water is preferably 5:1:60, dropwise adding a tetrahydrate manganese acetate solution into the mixed solution, and the adding ratio of the deionized water to the tetrahydrate manganese acetate solution is 100 mL: 5.1909g, the concentration of the manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution is preferably 0.3M, resulting in MnO2After precipitation, heating to 80 ℃ and keeping the temperature at 30 ℃, collecting the biochar attached with the manganese dioxide, and washing to obtain the manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified material.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, composting experiments for 60 days were carried out using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content at 3 positions was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting treatment, the final concentration of humic acid in the experimental group is 110.6 +/-5.2 mg/kg, the final concentration of humic acid in the control group is 79.5 +/-3.7 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the content of humic acid in the experimental group is increased by 39.1%. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
Comparative example 1
1. Experimental materials: the rice straw is from the residue of rice harvested in the previous year; the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm.
2. A method for improving the content of humic acid in organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting begins, crushing the obtained straws to 2-3 cm in length, then adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to about 25 by using chicken manure, adjusting the water content of the material to about 65% by using distilled water, and inoculating a lignocellulose efficient hydrolytic microbial inoculum into the material, wherein the inoculation amount is 2% of the dry weight of the material.
(2) Adding 5 per mill of biochar catalytic material which accounts for the dry weight of the compost when the high-temperature period of the compost is just finished, and immediately carrying out a composting experiment.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, a composting experiment was carried out for 60 days using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting treatment, the final concentration of humic acid in the experimental group is 93.3 +/-4.9 mg/kg, the final concentration of humic acid in the control group is 79.5 +/-3.7 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the content of humic acid in the experimental group is increased by 18.1%. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
Comparative example 2
1. Experimental materials: the rice straw is from the residue of rice harvested in the previous year; the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm.
2. The embodiment provides a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting begins, crushing the obtained straws to 2-3 cm in length, then adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to about 30% by using chicken manure, adjusting the water content of the material to about 65% by using distilled water, and inoculating a lignocellulose efficient hydrolytic microbial inoculum into the material, wherein the inoculation amount is 2% of the dry weight of the material.
(2) Adding 2 per mill of modified biochar catalytic material which accounts for the dry weight of the compost when the high-temperature period of the compost is just finished, and immediately carrying out a composting experiment.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, a composting experiment was carried out for 60 days using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting treatment, the final humic acid concentration in the experimental group is 101.4 +/-4.9 mg/kg, the final humic acid concentration in the control group is 79.5 +/-3.7 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the humic acid content in the experimental group is increased by 27.5%. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
Comparative example 3
1. Experimental materials: the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm, and is composted after being aired.
2. The embodiment provides a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting, the obtained chicken manure is crushed to about 2cm in length, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to about 30 by using wood chips, and the water content of the materials is adjusted to about 65% by using distilled water.
(2) Manganese dioxide was added as a catalytic material at 5% of the dry weight of the compost, and the composting experiment was carried out immediately.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, a composting experiment was carried out for 60 days using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting, the final humic acid concentration in the experimental group is 129.7 +/-9.2 mg/kg, the final humic acid concentration in the control group is 109.5 +/-4.8 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the humic acid content in the experimental group is increased by 18.4%. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
According to the embodiment, the results of comparison experiments on compost of a plurality of functional catalytic materials show that the biochar and the modified biochar are weaker than chicken manure in the aspect of promoting the generation of straw humic acid as the catalytic materials, and the sustainable functional materials can be utilized in a targeted manner according to different materials.
Example 6
1. Experimental materials: the rice straw is from the residue of rice harvested in the previous year; the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm.
2. A method for improving the content of humic acid in organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting begins, crushing the obtained straws to 2-3 cm in length, then adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be about 28 by using chicken manure, adjusting the water content of the material to be about 65% by using distilled water, and inoculating a lignocellulose efficient hydrolytic microbial inoculum into the material, wherein the inoculation amount is 2% of the dry weight of the material.
(2) Adding a circular sustainable functional material when the high-temperature period of the compost is just finished, increasing the contact area of the catalyst and the material, adding manganese dioxide serving as the catalyst, and adding manganese dioxide according to the mass of manganese dioxide in the circular sustainable functional material accounting for 3 per mill of the dry weight of the compost, and continuing the composting experiment.
Wherein the circular sustainable functional material is prepared by mixing manganese dioxide and mixed soil, making into a blank, and firing at 900 ℃ for forming; the mass ratio of the manganese dioxide to the mixed soil is 1: 9; the mixed clay is a mixture formed by mixing ore and clay according to the mass ratio of 9: 1; the ore is kaolin.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, composting experiments for 60 days were carried out using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content at 3 positions was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting treatment, the final humic acid concentration in the experimental group is 108.6 +/-5.4 mg/kg, the final humic acid concentration in the control group is 79.5 +/-3.7 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the humic acid content in the experimental group is increased by 26.0%. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
Example 7
1. Experimental materials: the chicken manure is from a fresh sample of a chicken farm, and is composted after being aired.
2. The embodiment provides a method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable functional materials, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before composting begins, the obtained chicken manure is crushed to about 2cm in length, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to about 25 by using wood dust, and the water content of the materials is adjusted to about 65% by using distilled water.
(2) Adding a square sustainable functional material containing modified biochar when the compost is just finished in a high-temperature period, increasing the porosity of the compost and facilitating the taking out, adding the square sustainable functional material according to the fact that the mass of the modified biochar in the square sustainable functional material accounts for 4 per mill of the dry weight of the compost, and continuing to perform a composting experiment.
Wherein the circular sustainable functional material is prepared by mixing modified biochar with mixed soil, making into a blank, and firing and molding at 800 ℃; the mass ratio of the modified biochar to the mixed soil is 1: 9; the mixed clay is a mixture formed by mixing ore and clay according to the mass ratio of 9: 1; the ore is montmorillonite. The preparation method of the modified biochar comprises the steps of treating the biochar at 700 ℃ for 60min under the protection of nitrogen and with ammonia gas as a modifying atmosphere and the flow rate of the ammonia gas being 350ml/min to obtain the modified biochar.
(3) After composting is finished, the material is taken out, compost residues attached to the surface are removed, and the catalytic material can be used for composting other materials, so that the aim of sustainable utilization is fulfilled.
Through the above experiments, composting experiments for 60 days were carried out using a compost to which no catalytic material was added as a control, and the humic acid content at 3 positions was measured by the method of example 1. After 60 days of composting, the final concentration of humic acid in the experimental group is 148.7 +/-5.8 mg/kg, the final concentration of humic acid in the control group is 109.5 +/-4.8 mg/kg, and compared with the control group, the content of humic acid in the experimental group is increased by 35.7%. The sustainable catalytic material for promoting the formation of the humic acid in the compost, which is disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the yield of the humic acid in the perishable organic solid waste compost.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable catalytic materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) crushing organic solid wastes, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30, and adjusting the water content to 60% -65% to obtain compost raw materials;
2) and composting the composting raw materials, and adding a catalytic material to obtain a compost product.
2. The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalytic material comprises manganese dioxide, ferrous oxide, biochar, modified biochar and/or modified materials of manganese dioxide and biochar in combination.
3. The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the modified biochar is prepared by the following steps:
under the protection of nitrogen, treating the biochar for 60-70 min at 680-720 ℃ by taking ammonia as a modifying atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
the flow rate of the ammonia gas is 340-360 ml/min.
4. The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified material is prepared by the following steps:
fully mixing the biochar, potassium permanganate and deionized water, dropwise adding a manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution into the mixed solution to generate manganese dioxide precipitate, heating to 75-85 ℃, keeping the temperature at 25-35 ℃, collecting the biochar attached with manganese dioxide, and washing to obtain the manganese dioxide and biochar combined modified material.
5. The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar to the potassium permanganate to the deionized water is 5:1: 60;
preferably, the addition ratio of the deionized water to the manganese acetate tetrahydrate is 100 mL: 5.1909 g;
preferably, the concentration of the manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution is 0.3M.
6. The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the catalytic material is added when the compost cooling period is started immediately after the high-temperature period.
7. The method for increasing the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the catalytic material is in the form of a fired and formed functional material.
8. The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fired and formed functional material is obtained by the following preparation method: mixing the catalytic material with mixed clay, making blank, and firing to form.
9. The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the catalytic material to the mixed soil is 1: (9-10).
10. The method for improving the humic acid content of the organic solid waste compost by utilizing the sustainable functional material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mixed soil is a mixture formed by mixing ore and clay according to a mass ratio of (8-10): 1;
the ore comprises illite, montmorillonite or kaolinite.
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