CN112674311A - High-solubility walnut meal and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-solubility walnut meal and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides high-solubility walnut meal and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out superfine grinding treatment on walnut meal to obtain walnut meal powder; and then carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment on the walnut meal powder. The method provided by the invention can effectively improve the solubility of the walnut meal, has the advantages of simple process, safe operation, high efficiency, energy conservation, suitability for large-scale processing production and the like, improves the additional value of the walnut, and provides a platform for comprehensive application of agricultural and sideline products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural and sideline product production, in particular to high-solubility walnut meal and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The walnut has high nutritional and economic values and wide planting range, contains rich nutritional ingredients such as protein and fat, has relatively balanced content, is high-protein food, and also has high medicinal value. The walnut kernel contains the following nutrients: 52 to 70 percent of grease, about 24 percent of protein, 12 to 16 percent of carbohydrate, 1.5 to 2 percent of cellulose and 1.7 to 2 percent of mineral. The walnut kernel contains most of oil and fat which are unsaturated fatty acid, the protein also contains amino acid which is necessary for human body, and the proportion of the amino acid is reasonable, wherein, the contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine which have important functions to the physiological action of human body are all higher, and the glutamic acid is also an important functional substance which influences the intelligence and memory development of human body, especially adolescents. As a health food, the walnut can be eaten directly or added in the form of an auxiliary material.
In the aspect of walnut deep processing, at present, walnuts are mainly used for oil extraction, residual cake pulp is basically used as feed, only a small part of the residual cake pulp is used for producing primary products such as protein powder and the like, and the additional value is low. However, as a byproduct after oil extraction, the protein content of walnut cake pulp reaches 55%, which is an important plant protein resource. Most of the walnut protein feed is used as feed, and the walnut protein feed is rarely used in food processing, so that the walnut protein resource is wasted. However, the walnut protein is 70% gluten which is almost insoluble in water, so that the functional characteristics of the walnut protein, such as emulsibility, foamability, gel property and the like, are poor, and the application of the walnut protein in food is severely limited. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the functional characteristics of walnut protein by a certain technical means to fully utilize abundant walnut protein resources, promote the utilization of byproducts in the walnut oil extraction industry, avoid the waste of resources and improve the added value of products. Many physical, chemical and enzymatic methods can be used for changing the structure and functional characteristics of protein, and have been widely applied to protein such as soybean protein and whey protein, but the method has the defects of complex treatment process, chemical additives, consumer acceptance and the like, and is not suitable for large-scale industrial production. At present, the walnut yield is increased year by year, the contradiction between supply and demand is continuously increased, the walnut price continuously slips down, the walnut yield is expected to be further improved, and the market condition is unconscious or further aggravated. Therefore, the fine and deep processing of the walnut and the full utilization of the by-products are very important for the good development of the walnut industry. The development and utilization of the walnuts and the byproducts thereof are increased, and the method has extremely important significance for improving the comprehensive utilization of the walnuts.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of high-solubility walnut pulp, which can effectively improve the solubility of the walnut pulp, has the advantages of simple process, safe operation, high efficiency, energy conservation, suitability for large-scale treatment and production and the like, improves the additional value of walnuts, and provides a platform for comprehensive application of agricultural and sideline products.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of high-solubility walnut meal, which comprises the following steps: carrying out superfine grinding treatment on walnut meal to obtain walnut meal powder; and then carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment on the walnut meal powder. In the invention, the solubility and stability of the walnut meal can be effectively improved by adopting the low-temperature plasma technology for treatment and combining with the superfine grinding treatment; meanwhile, the low-temperature plasma technology has remarkable treatment advantages, the method has the advantages of simple process, safe operation, high efficiency, energy conservation, no addition of chemical substances, suitability for large-scale treatment and production and the like, fully utilizes by-products of walnut oil pressing, improves the economic benefit of a walnut industrial chain, is favorable for the development of circular economy, has extremely important significance for improving the comprehensive utilization of walnuts, and can be widely applied to industrial production.
According to the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut meal provided by the embodiment of the invention, the superfine grinding time is 2-8 min, preferably 3-6 min; and/or, after the superfine grinding treatment, sieving the powder by a 100-mesh sieve. According to the invention, by adopting the superfine grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, particles formed by powder adhesion can be effectively removed, and simultaneously, the sample can be uniformly dispersed, so that the subsequent treatment is facilitated, and the solubility of the walnut meal is further improved.
According to the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut meal, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the voltage of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 30-75 kV, and preferably 50-70 kV.
According to the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the frequency of the low-temperature plasma technology treatment is 40-150 Hz, and preferably 60-120 Hz.
According to the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut meal, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the low-temperature plasma technology treatment is 10-35 ℃, and preferably 15-25 ℃. In the present invention, it is preferable to achieve heat removal by controlling the vacuum pump in the container in the low-temperature plasma apparatus.
According to the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut meal provided by the embodiment of the invention, the processing time of the low-temperature plasma technology is 20-60 s.
According to the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut meal, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of a sample treated by the low-temperature plasma technology is 1-5 cm.
In the invention, the internal structure of the walnut pulp is changed by low-temperature plasma technology treatment, so that the solubility and the stability of the walnut pulp are improved. Particularly, the solubility of the walnut pulp can be further improved by controlling the treatment conditions of the low-temperature plasma technology and the combined action of treatment voltage, treatment frequency, treatment temperature, treatment time and sample thickness under the optimized parameters.
According to the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut meal provided by the embodiment of the invention, the walnut meal is a byproduct after walnut oil pressing.
According to the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp provided by the embodiment of the invention, the walnut pulp is subjected to superfine grinding for 3-6 min, and is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and then the walnut pulp powder is subjected to low-temperature plasma treatment; the conditions of the low-temperature plasma treatment are as follows: the processing voltage is 50-70 kV, the processing frequency is 60-120 Hz, the processing temperature is 15-25 ℃, the processing time is 20-60 s, and the thickness of the sample is 1-5 cm.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the high-solubility walnut pulp, which is obtained by adopting the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp; preferably, the nitrogen solubility index of the high-solubility walnut meal is more than or equal to 49.96 +/-3.89%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method has the advantages of simple process steps, short treatment time and low treatment temperature, can effectively improve the solubility and stability of the walnut meal, expands the application of the walnut meal in the food industry and obviously improves the economic value of the walnut meal.
2. The method has the advantages of low temperature in the technological process, non-thermal processing category, little damage to the quality of nutrients and proteins of the walnut dregs, high efficiency, no toxicity, environmental friendliness, contribution to reducing energy consumption, and contribution to equipment maintenance and technical popularization.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The instruments and the like are conventional products which are purchased by normal distributors and are not indicated by manufacturers. The process is conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from the open literature. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications.
In the following examples of the invention, the nitrogen solubility index was determined as follows: accurately weighing a walnut white sample 2, dispersing the walnut white sample in 90mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value to 2.0-9.0 by using 1M HCl or 1M NaOH, balancing the walnut white sample at room temperature for 30min, adjusting the pH value again, finally fixing the volume to 100mL, centrifuging the walnut white sample at a high speed of 10000g/min for 20min, and determining the protein content in the supernatant by adopting a Kjeldahl method GB 5009.5-2003. The percentage of the protein content in the supernatant to the total protein content in the sample is the nitrogen solubility index of the walnut protein.
Example 1
The embodiment provides high-solubility walnut meal, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 5min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 2cm, the treatment voltage is 50KV, the treatment frequency is 60Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 60s to obtain a walnut meal product with improved solubility. Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation.
Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 49.96 +/-3.89%, and the solubility is improved by 5.33 times. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can be obviously improved by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment.
Example 2
The embodiment provides high-solubility walnut meal, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 5min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 3cm, the treatment voltage is 60KV, the treatment frequency is 100Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 60s to obtain the walnut meal product with improved solubility. Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation.
Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 56.96 +/-3.69%, and the solubility is improved by 6.08 times. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can be obviously improved by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment.
Example 3
The embodiment provides high-solubility walnut meal, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
obtaining by-product walnut meal after extracting oil from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 4min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 3cm, the treatment voltage is 55KV, the treatment frequency is 80Hz, the treatment temperature is 15 ℃ and the treatment time is 30s to obtain a walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 62.32 +/-5.81%, and the solubility is improved by 6.66 times. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can be obviously improved by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment.
Example 4
The embodiment provides high-solubility walnut meal, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 6min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 5cm, the treatment voltage is 70KV, the treatment frequency is 110Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 50s to obtain a walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 62.38 +/-3.91%, and the solubility is improved by 6.66 times. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can be obviously improved by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment.
Example 5
The embodiment provides high-solubility walnut meal, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 3min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 2cm, the treatment voltage is 50KV, the treatment frequency is 100Hz, the treatment temperature is 20 ℃, and the treatment time is 50s to obtain a walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 59.99 +/-4.89%, and the solubility is improved by 6.41 times. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can be obviously improved by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment.
Example 6
The embodiment provides high-solubility walnut meal, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 3min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 1cm, the treatment voltage is 65KV, the treatment frequency is 100Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 40s to obtain the walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 63.89 +/-5.85%, and the solubility is improved by 6.82 times. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can be obviously improved by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment.
Example 7
The embodiment provides high-solubility walnut meal, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 3min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 2cm, the treatment voltage is 53KV, the treatment frequency is 80Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 40s to obtain the walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 67.82 +/-3.79%, and the solubility is improved by 7.24 times. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can be obviously improved by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment.
Example 8
The embodiment provides high-solubility walnut meal, which is prepared by the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 6min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 5cm, the treatment voltage is 70KV, the treatment frequency is 100Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 60s to obtain a walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 71.36 +/-2.36%, and the solubility is improved by 7.62 times. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can be obviously improved by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 5min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 2cm, the treatment voltage is 30KV, the treatment frequency is 60Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 60s to obtain a walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, and after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 9.03 +/-2.89%, and the solubility is not improved. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can not be improved significantly by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment under the condition of the comparative example.
Comparative example 2
The method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 5min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 2cm, the treatment voltage is 50KV, the treatment frequency is 50Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 60s to obtain a walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 10.36 +/-2.87%, and the solubility is not improved. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can not be improved significantly by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment under the condition of the comparative example.
Comparative example 3
The method comprises the steps of obtaining by-product walnut meal after oil extraction from walnuts, carrying out superfine grinding on the walnut meal for 5min, and then sieving the walnut meal with a 100-mesh sieve to remove particles formed by powder adhesion. And starting low-temperature plasma technical equipment, uniformly spreading the walnut meal powder into a plate, and treating under the conditions that the thickness of a sample is 2cm, the treatment voltage is 30KV, the treatment frequency is 60Hz, the treatment temperature is 25 ℃ and the treatment time is 60s to obtain a walnut meal product with improved solubility.
Then, under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index is used as an index of solubility for evaluation. Under the condition that the pH value is 7, the nitrogen solubility index of an untreated walnut pulp sample is 9.36 +/-0.83%, and after the untreated walnut pulp sample is treated by a low-temperature plasma technology, the nitrogen solubility index is 9.03 +/-2.89%, and the solubility is not improved. This shows that the solubility of the walnut pulp can not be improved significantly by the low-temperature plasma technology treatment under the condition of the comparative example.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of high-solubility walnut meal is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out superfine grinding treatment on walnut meal to obtain walnut meal powder; and then carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment on the walnut meal powder.
2. The preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the superfine grinding time is 2-8 min, preferably 3-6 min; and/or, after the superfine grinding treatment, sieving the powder by a 100-mesh sieve.
3. The preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp according to claim 1, wherein the voltage of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 30-75 kV, preferably 50-70 kV.
4. The preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp according to claim 3, wherein the frequency of the low-temperature plasma technology treatment is 40-150 Hz, preferably 60-120 Hz.
5. The preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the low-temperature plasma technology treatment is 10-35 ℃, preferably 15-25 ℃.
6. The preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp as claimed in claim 5, wherein the time of the low-temperature plasma technology treatment is 20-60 s.
7. The preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp as claimed in claim 6, wherein the thickness of the sample treated by the low-temperature plasma technology is 1-5 cm.
8. The method for preparing the high-solubility walnut pulp as claimed in claim 6, wherein the walnut pulp is a byproduct after walnut oil extraction.
9. The preparation method of the high-solubility walnut pulp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the walnut pulp is subjected to superfine grinding for 3-6 min and is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve; then carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment on the walnut meal powder; the conditions of the low-temperature plasma treatment are as follows: the processing voltage is 50-70 kV, the processing frequency is 60-120 Hz, the processing temperature is 15-25 ℃, the processing time is 20-60 s, and the thickness of the sample is 1-5 cm.
10. High-solubility walnut meal, which is characterized by being obtained by adopting the preparation method of the high-solubility walnut meal according to any one of claims 1 to 9; preferably, the nitrogen solubility index of the high-solubility walnut meal is more than or equal to 49.96 +/-3.89%.
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