CN112674004A - High-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high-temperature season - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in a high-temperature season, belonging to the technical field of crayfish breeding, wherein the high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in the high-temperature season comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a pond; 2) transporting and releasing shrimp larvae; 3) marking the width of shrimp fries and 4) separating the fries and culturing adult shrimps; according to the invention, on one hand, death of the young shrimps of the crayfish in the transportation process can be effectively avoided by adopting a mode of gradient cooling, pure oxygen charging and packaging transportation, on the other hand, the young shrimps in the temporary culture pond are used for thickening and dividing the young shrimps, so that the condition that the young shrimps are thrown in a high-temperature season and die in a large scale is avoided, the centralized management of the young shrimps is convenient to realize, and the survival rate of adult shrimp culture is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crayfish breeding, in particular to a high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in a high-temperature season.
Background
The procambarus clarkii is commonly called crayfish, the crayfish is popular among consumers in recent years, the crayfish breeding industry develops rapidly, the annual output is from 26 ten thousand tons in 2007 to 100 ten thousand tons in 2016, the annual output of 2018 is increased to 1 procambarus clarkii and the crayfish is popular among consumers in recent years, the crayfish breeding industry develops rapidly, the annual output is from 26 ten thousand tons in 2007 to 100 ten thousand tons in 2016, the annual output of 2018 is increased to 163.86 ten thousand tons, and the annual output of 2019 is increased to 208.96 ten thousand tons (the statistics of the Chinese fishery). China has become the largest crayfish producing country in the world, and the market scale is over one billion yuan.
Although the crayfish breeding yield is increased year by year, a plurality of problems still need to be solved in the crayfish breeding and selling process, such as instable price of the crayfish on sale in an over-concentrated mode, low survival rate of high-temperature fry breeding, inconsistent product quality of crayfish breeding standards, and the like. At present, many farmers try to cultivate crayfish in multiple crops, and seedlings are inevitably released in high-temperature seasons. In fact, many farmers almost completely cover the whole army in high-temperature seasons. Therefore, how to solve the problem of seeding crayfishes in high-temperature seasons is an urgent task.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high-temperature seasons, on one hand, death of crayfish fries in the transportation process can be effectively avoided by adopting a mode of gradient cooling, pure oxygen charging and packaging transportation, and on the other hand, the crayfish fries in a temporary breeding pond are used for thickening and dividing the crayfish fries, so that the situation that the crayfish fries are thrown in high-temperature seasons and die in large quantities is avoided, the centralized management of the crayfish fries is convenient to realize, and the survival rate of adult crayfish breeding is.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high-temperature seasons, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of the pond: a temporary culture pond is built between two adjacent shrimp culture ponds, the temporary culture pond is communicated with the two shrimp culture ponds through a communication ditch, two end openings of the communication ditch are respectively provided with a ditch valve, and a water quality purification pond is built between the two shrimp culture ponds and close to the communication ditch and used for purifying the water quality in the temporary culture pond;
2) and (3) shrimp larvae transportation and release: transporting the young crayfish by adopting a transportation mode of filling pure oxygen and packaging, and cooling the young crayfish by adopting a gradient step-by-step cooling method in a high-temperature season, wherein the transportation time is controlled within 15 hours; after the shrimp seeds are transported to the pond, putting the shrimp seeds into a wrapping bag into the temporary culture pond, and discharging the shrimp seeds from the wrapping bag after the temperature of water in the wrapping bag is consistent with that of water in the temporary culture pond;
3) marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: starting the shrimp larvae thickening operation after the shrimp larvae are completely put into the temporary rearing pond, carrying out temporary rearing thickening on the shrimp larvae in the temporary rearing pond, and finishing the thickening of the shrimp larvae when the shrimp larvae are thickened to be more than 5g in average specification to reach the seedling division specification;
4) seedling separation and adult shrimp culture: and after the shrimp seeds are thickened, opening a ditch valve to enable the shrimp seeds to independently move from the temporary culture pond to the adult shrimp culture pond through a communicating ditch, driving the shrimp seeds left in the temporary culture pond to the adult shrimp culture pond along the pond wall of the temporary culture pond by utilizing an eight-mesh net piece after opening the ditch valve for three days, and culturing the shrimp seeds in the adult shrimp culture pond to obtain finished products of shrimps so as to finish the culture of a batch of crayfish.
Further, two batches of crayfish can be cultivated by the high-survival-rate cultivation method for the crayfish in the high-temperature season in one year, the first batch starts from 3 months and 5 days, the rough work can be completed in 4 months and 5 days, and the finished crayfish of the first batch can be sold in 6 months and 15 days; and (3) putting the crayfish fries of the second crop into a temporary culture pond for culture from 5 months to 5 days according to the step 3) for thickening the crayfish fries of the second crop, finishing thickening the crayfish fries after 6 months and 15 days, and then performing seedling division and adult shrimp culture of the second crop according to the step 4).
And further, after the second-crop cultivation is finished, removing silt and repairing the pond, and reserving a part of lobsters when the fries need to be hatched according to the cultivation requirements of the next step.
Further, in step 1), the temporary culture pond and the adult shrimp culture pond are subjected to impurity removal and disinfection, and then aquatic weeds are planted in the adult shrimp culture pond, wherein the specific impurity removal and disinfection process is as follows: adding 8-12 g of bleaching essence to each cubic meter of water body in the temporary rearing pond for disinfection one week before the shrimp seeds are launched into water, and throwing the shrimp seeds after standing for at least 7 days; before the shrimp culture pond is used, 50-100 kg/mu of quicklime is splashed into the pond for sterilization, after standing for at least 7 days, decomposed organic fertilizer is spread into the pond, and then water grass planting is carried out.
Further, in the step 2), a specific method for cooling the young shrimps by adopting a gradient step-by-step cooling method in a high-temperature season is to adopt a plurality of large barrels with gradually reduced water temperatures, the difference of the water temperatures between two adjacent barrels is not more than 2 ℃, the young shrimps are taken out from the high-temperature barrels in sequence and put into the next barrel until the water temperatures reach the packing temperature, and the young shrimps are kept still in each barrel for more than 10 s.
Further, in the step 2), when the crayfish fries of the crayfish are transported in the high-temperature season, the transport density of the crayfish fries within 6 hours is 4500-; the transport density of the transport time in 6-15 hours is 3500-4000 tail/3L of water.
Further, in the step 3), the water quality in the temporary culture pond is purified by using a water quality purification pond, and water quality detection is performed every 2 to 3 days to ensure that the water quality meets the following requirements: the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content is 0mg/L, the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6 mg/L, the pH value is 7.6-8.5, the calcium ion content is 50-57 mg/L, the magnesium ion content is 40-48 mg/L, the potassium ion content is 20-35 mg/L, the total alkalinity is 80-100 mg/L, and the water temperature is 20-32 ℃.
Further, in the step 1), the area ratio of the temporary culture pond to the two adult shrimp culture ponds is 200 square meters: 20 mu, arranging an oxygen increasing facility in the temporary culture pond, wherein the oxygen increasing facility is arranged in a mode of preparing a 1 kw Roots blower every 200 square meters, and laying an evacuee at the bottom of the temporary culture pond to provide an evacuee place for the crayfishes.
Further, in the step 3), the standard thickness density of the shrimp larvae is 0.2-0.5 kg per square meter.
Further, in the step 3), powder is adopted for feeding in the early stage, and animal baits are added at intervals of 3-4 days in the feeding process to form compound feed, wherein the content of crude protein in the compound feed is 34%.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in a high-temperature season, which can effectively plan breeding time nodes, so that finished crayfish can appear on the market in a staggered mode at a peak, and economic benefits are improved.
(2) In the crayfish high-survival-rate breeding method in the high-temperature season, the technical barrier of low survival rate of high-temperature seedling feeding and even covering of the whole army can be overcome, the breeding survival rate is improved, the crayfish can be bred for a longer time all the year, the use of a pond is improved, and further the economic benefit is improved.
(3) In the crayfish high-survival-rate breeding method in the high-temperature season, the conventional crayfish transportation mode and breeding mode are broken, and the crayfish breeding can span a new step and can greatly promote the industry development.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high-temperature seasons in the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
Referring to the attached figure 1, the high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in the high-temperature season comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of the pond: a temporary culture pond is built between two adjacent shrimp culture ponds, the temporary culture pond is communicated with the two shrimp culture ponds through a communication ditch, two end openings of the communication ditch are respectively provided with a ditch valve, and a water quality purification pond is built between the two shrimp culture ponds and close to the communication ditch and used for purifying the water quality in the temporary culture pond;
2) and (3) shrimp larvae transportation and release: transporting the young crayfish by adopting a transportation mode of filling pure oxygen and packaging, and cooling the young crayfish by adopting a gradient step-by-step cooling method in a high-temperature season, wherein the transportation time is controlled within 15 hours; after the shrimp seeds are transported to the pond, putting the shrimp seeds into a wrapping bag into the temporary culture pond, and discharging the shrimp seeds from the wrapping bag after the temperature of water in the wrapping bag is consistent with that of water in the temporary culture pond;
3) marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: starting the shrimp larvae thickening operation after the shrimp larvae are completely put into the temporary rearing pond, carrying out temporary rearing thickening on the shrimp larvae in the temporary rearing pond, and finishing the thickening of the shrimp larvae when the shrimp larvae are thickened to be more than 5g in average specification to reach the seedling division specification;
4) seedling separation and adult shrimp culture: and after the shrimp seeds are thickened, opening a ditch valve to enable the shrimp seeds to independently move from the temporary culture pond to the adult shrimp culture pond through a communicating ditch, driving the shrimp seeds left in the temporary culture pond to the adult shrimp culture pond along the pond wall of the temporary culture pond by utilizing an eight-mesh net piece after opening the ditch valve for three days, and culturing the shrimp seeds in the adult shrimp culture pond to obtain finished products of shrimps so as to finish the culture of a batch of crayfish.
Specifically, the following are crayfish breeding in two crops a year using the breeding method of the present invention as an example, and crayfish breeding in two crops using a conventional breeding method at the same time as a comparative example:
example (b):
a high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high-temperature seasons comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of the pond: a temporary culture pond is built between two adjacent adult shrimp culture ponds, the area of each single adult shrimp culture pond is 10 mu, the total area of the two adult shrimp culture ponds is 20 mu, the size of the temporary culture pond is 20 m x 10 m, the depths of the adult shrimp culture pond and the temporary culture pond are 1 m, the temporary culture pond is communicated with the two adult shrimp culture ponds through a communication ditch, ditch valves are respectively configured at two ports of the communication ditch, the width of the communication ditch is 2m, cement is used for solidifying in the communication ditch, and a water quality purification pond with the size of 5 m x 5 mx 3 m is built between the two adult shrimp culture ponds and close to the communication ditch and is used for purifying the water quality in the temporary culture pond; an anti-escape fence made of a mulching film is arranged at the position 50-60 cm away from the outer eaves of the temporary culture pond and the adult shrimp culture pond in a surrounding manner through fixing piles, the bottom of the mulching film is embedded 40 cm below the pond ridge, the upper part of the mulching film is 30 cm higher than the platform, and the distance between every two adjacent fixing piles is 3-5 m;
2) and (3) shrimp larvae transportation and release: transporting the young crayfish by adopting a transportation mode of filling pure oxygen and packaging, and cooling the young crayfish by adopting a gradient step-by-step cooling method in a high-temperature season, wherein the transportation time is controlled within 15 hours; after the shrimp seeds are transported to the pond, putting the shrimp seeds into a wrapping bag into the temporary culture pond, and discharging the shrimp seeds from the wrapping bag after the temperature of water in the wrapping bag is consistent with that of water in the temporary culture pond;
3) marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: starting the shrimp larvae thickening operation after the shrimp larvae are completely put into the temporary rearing pond, carrying out temporary rearing thickening on the shrimp larvae in the temporary rearing pond, and finishing the thickening of the shrimp larvae when the shrimp larvae are thickened to be more than 5g in average specification to reach the seedling division specification;
4) seedling separation and adult shrimp culture: and after the shrimp seeds are thickened, opening a ditch valve to enable the shrimp seeds to independently move from the temporary culture pond to the adult shrimp culture pond through a communicating ditch, driving the shrimp seeds left in the temporary culture pond to the adult shrimp culture pond along the pond wall of the temporary culture pond by utilizing an eight-mesh net piece after opening the ditch valve for three days, and culturing the shrimp seeds in the adult shrimp culture pond to obtain finished products of shrimps so as to finish the culture of a batch of crayfish.
Wherein, in step 1), carry out the edulcoration disinfection to the pond of breeding temporarily with becoming the shrimp and breeding the pond, then plant pasture and water in becoming the shrimp culture pond, specific edulcoration disinfection process is: adding 8g of bleaching essence into each cubic meter of water body in the temporary culture pond for disinfection one week before the shrimp seeds are launched into the water, and putting the shrimp seeds after standing for at least 7 days; before the shrimp culture pond is used, 50 kg/mu of quicklime is splashed into the pond for sterilization, after standing for at least 7 days, decomposed organic fertilizer is spread into the pond, and then water plants are planted. Obviously, the specification of adding bleaching essence to the temporary culture pond is not limited to 8g of water per cubic meter, and other specifications such as 9g of water per cubic meter, 10g of water per cubic meter, 11g of water per cubic meter, 12g of water per cubic meter and the like can be adopted according to the actual water quality data of the water in the temporary culture pond; in addition, the using amount of the quicklime is properly adjusted according to the quality of the environmental data in the pond, such as 60 kg/mu, or 70 kg/mu, or 80 kg/mu, or 90 kg/mu, or 100 kg/mu, and the like; in addition, the standing time after 50 kg/mu of quicklime is splashed into the pond for disinfection is not limited to 7 days, and can be 8 days, 9 days and the like, but at least the standing time is ensured to be 7 days.
In the step 2), the shrimp larvae are cooled by a gradient step-by-step cooling method in a high-temperature season, specifically, a plurality of large barrels with gradually reduced water temperatures are adopted, the water temperature difference between two adjacent barrels is 2 ℃, the shrimp larvae are taken out from the high-temperature barrel and put into the next barrel in sequence until the water temperature reaches the packing temperature, and the shrimp larvae are kept still in each barrel for 10 s. Obviously, the difference of the water temperature between two adjacent barrels can be smaller, such as 1 ℃ or even smaller, but considering the cost and the adaptability of the shrimp larvae, the difference of the water temperature between two adjacent barrels is not more than 2 ℃; in addition, the standing time of the shrimp larvae in each barrel is not limited to 10s, but can be longer, but at least 10s is ensured in order to ensure the temperature transfer effect.
Wherein, in the step 2), when the young crayfish is transported in high-temperature seasons, the transportation time is 2 hours, and the transportation density is 4800 tails/3L of water. Obviously, the transportation time depends on the purchasing distance of the actual shrimp fries, but the longest transportation time is controlled to be 15 hours, and meanwhile, the transportation density is 4500-; the transport density of the transport time in 6-15 hours is 3500-4000 tail/3L of water.
In the step 3), the water quality in the temporary culture pond is purified by using a water quality purification pond, and water quality detection is carried out every 2-3 days to ensure that the water quality meets the following requirements: 0mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, 5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 7.6 of pH, 50mg/L of calcium ions, 40 mg/L of magnesium ions, 20 mg/L of potassium ions, 80 mg/L of total alkalinity and 20 ℃ of water temperature. Obviously, the water quality detection period can be a little longer, such as 3 days, but in order to ensure timely detection of water quality change, the water quality detection period cannot exceed 3 days, and 2 days of detection are optimal once in order to reduce the detection cost. In addition, the specific value of the water quality is not limited to the above value, as long as the value is ensured to be within a proper range, and the specific ranges of the indexes are as follows: the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content is 0mg/L, the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6 mg/L, the pH value is 7.6-8.5, the calcium ion content is 50-57 mg/L, the magnesium ion content is 40-48 mg/L, the potassium ion content is 20-35 mg/L, the total alkalinity is 80-100 mg/L, and the water temperature is 20-32 ℃.
Wherein, in the step 1), the area ratio of the temporary culture pond to the two adult shrimp culture ponds is 200 square meters: 20 mu, arranging an oxygen increasing facility in the temporary culture pond, wherein the oxygen increasing facility is arranged in a mode of preparing a 1 kw Roots blower every 200 square meters, and laying an evacuee at the bottom of the temporary culture pond to provide an evacuee place for the crayfishes.
Wherein in the step 3), the standard thickness density of the shrimp larvae is 0.2-0.5 kg per square meter. Obviously, the standard thickness density of the shrimp larvae can be other quantities, such as 0.3 kg per square meter, 0.4 kg per square meter, 0.5 kg per square meter and the like.
Wherein, in the step 3), the powder is adopted for feeding in the early stage, and animal baits are added at intervals of 3 days in the feeding process to form the compound feed, wherein the content of crude protein in the compound feed is 34 percent. Obviously, animal baits can be added every 4 days during the early stage of powder feeding to form a compound feed, wherein the content of crude protein in the compound feed is 34 percent.
The crayfish breeding method comprises the steps of putting crayfish seedlings in a first crayfish batch, wherein the first crayfish batch is 1-1.5cm in size from 3 months to 5 days, purchasing 85 jin of crayfish seedlings in total, completing crayfish marking rough work in 4 months to 5 days, breeding crayfish by adopting the high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in the high-temperature season, selling commodity crayfish when the crayfish is bred to 6 months to 15 days, selling 4300 jin of crayfish in total, and averaging 25 yuan.
The second-crop crayfish is fed with crayfish seedlings with the specification of 1-1.5cm from 5 months to 5 days, 85 jin of crayfish seedlings are purchased totally, the crayfish seedlings can be separated after being cultured for 6 months and 15 days, the crayfish high-survival-rate culture method in the high-temperature season is adopted to culture the crayfish, commercial crayfish is sold after being cultured for 8 months and 15 days, 4200 jin of commercial crayfish is sold totally, and the average unit price is 31 yuan.
In the embodiment, the area of a single adult shrimp culture pond is 10 mu, the area of two adult shrimp culture ponds is 20 mu, and the size of the temporary culture pond is set to be 20 m x 10 m; of course, the area of the single shrimp farming pond can be other numbers, such as 15 mu, 20 mu and the like, and accordingly the area ratio of the temporary farming pond to the two shrimp farming ponds is 200 square meters: the size of the temporary culture pond is changed by the proportion of 20 mu, the size of the temporary culture pond is set to be 300 square meters when the area of the single adult shrimp culture pond is 15 mu, the size of the temporary culture pond is set to be 400 square meters when the area of the single adult shrimp culture pond is 20 mu, and the like.
Comparative example:
in the embodiment, the conventional crayfish culture pond with the size of 20 mu is selected near the adult crayfish culture pond of the embodiment, the crayfish is cultured by adopting a conventional fry placing mode and a standard thickness-free process, in addition, the crayfish fry in the comparative example is the crayfish fry with the standard of the conventional cultured crayfish, the standard is 5-6 cm, the sources of the crayfish fries are the same, the crayfish fries are different in the standard, and the crayfish fries are cultured for two crops, which is as follows:
the first-crop next-crop lobsters are fed from 3 months and 5 days, the specifications of the fed lobsters are 5-6 cm, the crayfish seedlings are purchased for 1216 jin in total, the conventional breeding method is adopted to breed the crayfish, the commercial crayfish is sold after the crayfish is bred to 4 months and 17 days, the total sale is 3996 jin, and the average unit price is 25 yuan.
The second-crop crayfish is fed with crayfish fries of 5-6 cm from 4 months and 28 days, 1200 jin of crayfish fries are purchased, the conventional breeding method is adopted to breed the crayfish, the commercial crayfish is sold after the crayfish is bred to 6 months and 15 days, 1900 jin of crayfish is sold, and the average unit price is 31 yuan.
The following table is a comparative table of the cultivation data of the examples and the comparative examples:
as is obvious from the specific examples, the survival rate of the crayfishes in the first crop cannot be obviously improved after the crayfishes in the high-survival-rate cultivation method in the high-temperature season are used. The temperature of the first crop is not very high, so that the survival rate is not obvious. In the second crop, after the high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in the high-temperature season is used, the yield of the bred crayfish is obviously improved (from 95 jin to 210 jin per mu), and the breeding benefit is improved to 2.2 times.
The method can effectively avoid death of the crayfish fries in the transportation process by adopting a mode of gradient cooling, pure oxygen charging, packaging and transportation. In addition, the matched pond design and the unique seedling dividing mode can effectively avoid the situation that the crayfish seedlings die in large scale in high-temperature seasons. The crayfish can be intensively managed in the shrimp fry state through the matching between the adult shrimp culture pond and the temporary culture pond, and the survival rate of later adult shrimp culture is improved.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in a high-temperature season is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation of the pond: a temporary culture pond is built between two adjacent shrimp culture ponds, the temporary culture pond is communicated with the two shrimp culture ponds through a communication ditch, two end openings of the communication ditch are respectively provided with a ditch valve, and a water quality purification pond is built between the two shrimp culture ponds and close to the communication ditch and used for purifying the water quality in the temporary culture pond;
2) and (3) shrimp larvae transportation and release: transporting the young crayfish by adopting a transportation mode of filling pure oxygen and packaging, and cooling the young crayfish by adopting a gradient step-by-step cooling method in a high-temperature season, wherein the transportation time is controlled within 15 hours; after the shrimp seeds are transported to the pond, putting the shrimp seeds into a wrapping bag into the temporary culture pond, and discharging the shrimp seeds from the wrapping bag after the temperature of water in the wrapping bag is consistent with that of water in the temporary culture pond;
3) marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: starting the shrimp larvae thickening operation after the shrimp larvae are completely put into the temporary rearing pond, carrying out temporary rearing thickening on the shrimp larvae in the temporary rearing pond, and finishing the thickening of the shrimp larvae when the shrimp larvae are thickened to be more than 5g in average specification to reach the seedling division specification;
4) seedling separation and adult shrimp culture: and after the shrimp seeds are thickened, opening a ditch valve to enable the shrimp seeds to independently move from the temporary culture pond to the adult shrimp culture pond through a communicating ditch, driving the shrimp seeds left in the temporary culture pond to the adult shrimp culture pond along the pond wall of the temporary culture pond by utilizing an eight-mesh net piece after opening the ditch valve for three days, and culturing the shrimp seeds in the adult shrimp culture pond to obtain finished products of shrimps so as to finish the culture of a batch of crayfish.
2. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: by utilizing the high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in the high-temperature season, two crayfish crops can be bred in one year, the first crayfish crop can finish rough marking work from 3 months and 5 days to 4 months and 5 days, and the first crayfish crop finished crayfish can be sold in 6 months and 15 days; and (3) putting the crayfish fries of the second crop into a temporary culture pond for culture from 5 months to 5 days according to the step 3) for thickening the crayfish fries of the second crop, finishing thickening the crayfish fries after 6 months and 15 days, and then performing seedling division and adult shrimp culture of the second crop according to the step 4).
3. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: and after the second-crop cultivation is finished, removing silt and repairing the pond, and reserving a part of lobsters when the young shrimps need to be hatched according to the cultivation requirements of the next step.
4. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), impurity removal and disinfection are carried out on the temporary culture pond and the adult shrimp culture pond, and then aquatic plants are planted in the adult shrimp culture pond, wherein the specific impurity removal and disinfection process is as follows: adding 8-12 g of bleaching essence to each cubic meter of water body in the temporary rearing pond for disinfection one week before the shrimp seeds are launched into water, and throwing the shrimp seeds after standing for at least 7 days; before the shrimp culture pond is used, 50-100 kg/mu of quicklime is splashed into the pond for sterilization, after standing for at least 7 days, decomposed organic fertilizer is spread into the pond, and then water grass planting is carried out.
5. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), a specific method for cooling the shrimp seeds by adopting a gradient step-by-step cooling method in a high-temperature season is to adopt a plurality of large barrels with gradually reduced water temperatures, the difference of the water temperatures between two adjacent barrels is not more than 2 ℃, the shrimp seeds are taken out from the high-temperature barrels and put into the next barrel in sequence until the water temperatures reach the packing temperature, and the shrimp seeds are kept still in each barrel for more than 10 s.
6. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), when the crayfish seedlings of the crayfish are transported in the high-temperature season, the transport density of the crayfish seedlings within 6 hours is 4500-5000 tail/3L of water; the transport density of the transport time in 6-15 hours is 3500-4000 tail/3L of water.
7. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3), the water quality in the temporary culture pond is purified by using a water quality purification pond, and water quality detection is carried out every 2-3 days to ensure that the water quality meets the following requirements: the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content is 0mg/L, the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6 mg/L, the pH value is 7.6-8.5, the calcium ion content is 50-57 mg/L, the magnesium ion content is 40-48 mg/L, the potassium ion content is 20-35 mg/L, the total alkalinity is 80-100 mg/L, and the water temperature is 20-32 ℃.
8. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the area ratio of the temporary culture pond to the two adult shrimp culture ponds is 200 square meters: 20 mu, arranging an oxygen increasing facility in the temporary culture pond, wherein the oxygen increasing facility is arranged in a mode of preparing a 1 kw Roots blower every 200 square meters, and laying an evacuee at the bottom of the temporary culture pond to provide an evacuee place for the crayfishes.
9. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: in the step 3), the standard thickness density of the shrimp larvae is 0.2-0.5 kg per square meter.
10. The high-survival-rate crayfish breeding method in high temperature season as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: in the step 3), the powder is adopted for feeding in the early stage, and animal baits are added at intervals of 3-4 days in the feeding process to form the compound feed, wherein the content of crude protein in the compound feed is 34%.
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