CN112659967A - Parking lot charging system and method based on battery replacement type electric vehicle - Google Patents
Parking lot charging system and method based on battery replacement type electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112659967A CN112659967A CN202110278584.9A CN202110278584A CN112659967A CN 112659967 A CN112659967 A CN 112659967A CN 202110278584 A CN202110278584 A CN 202110278584A CN 112659967 A CN112659967 A CN 112659967A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a charging system and a method based on a battery replacement mode, which comprises a battery replacement electric vehicle and a parking lot with a battery replacement function; the parking lot with the battery replacement function at least comprises a battery replacement subsystem, a centralized charging subsystem, a parking area and a conveying device; through the combination of the two battery replacing processes and the quick charging system, the special battery pack mode of the battery replacing type electric vehicle is realized, so that the advantages of battery replacing and quick charging are combined, and the advantages of battery replacing and quick charging are made up for each other; and when the battery replacement operation is carried out, the whole thermal management process is started at the first time, so that the safety and the high efficiency of the battery pack are guaranteed, and the subsequent charging process is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a charging system and a method based on a battery replacement mode, which realize a special battery pack mode of a battery replacement type electric vehicle by combining a twice battery replacement process and a quick charging system, so that the advantages of battery replacement and quick charging are combined with each other, and the advantages of battery replacement and quick charging are made up for the deficiencies of each other; when the battery replacement operation is carried out, the whole-process thermal management process is started at the first time, so that the safety and the high efficiency of the battery pack are guaranteed, and the subsequent charging process is completed; belonging to the technical field of electric vehicle charging.
Background
The recharging of electric vehicles has been a critical issue. It should be noted that a necessary condition for the popularization of the battery-replaceable electric vehicle is to establish a convenient and diversified "slow charging" system to meet the daily electric energy supply requirements of the majority of users. Meanwhile, in order to improve the use convenience and still need some technical means with high response speed as supplementary measures, the existing technical route mainly comprises two types of power exchange and quick charging, and the two technical routes are opposite to each other and have advantages and disadvantages respectively in the current situation.
In the prior art, the time for replacing the battery pack by the automatic battery replacement equipment for one time is about 60-90 seconds; the process of loading, unloading, transporting, charging and maintaining the battery pack has been completely automated.
The battery replacement mode has the advantages that: the occupied area is small; the single battery replacement operation time is short; the charging safety of the battery in the station is high;
the disadvantages of the battery replacement mode are: the battery pack standards are difficult to unify; the battery pack adopts a sharing mode to influence user experience, is difficult to accurately measure and charge, and can only adopt flexible charging modes such as 'charging according to mileage' and 'charging in monthly' and the like; a large number of self-contained battery packs are needed in the battery replacement station, and the construction cost is increased; a "pack turnover" in which a charge rate (C-rate) is slow to charge below 1C, thus affecting peak hours, is typically employed; the power station is difficult to be distributed in a large area, and is not beneficial to solving the problem of long-distance travel.
The advantages of the quick charging mode are: the flexibility is good, and the layout can be dispersed to solve the long-distance travel problem; the charging speed is high, and a charging rate of 2C or higher can be adopted; the battery right is definite;
the disadvantages of the fast charge mode are: the charging power is large, and the friendliness to a power grid is poor; the battery pack is charged under the vehicle-mounted condition, the environmental factors are complex, and the safety is relatively low; the requirement of large-scale centralized quick charging station construction is high, the cost is high, and the occupied area is large.
In summary, if the battery replacement and the fast charging can be organically combined to make up for each other, it is possible to solve the above problem and bring a new experience to the user.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention designs a charging system and a method based on a battery replacement mode, and the special mode of a battery pack of a battery replacement type electric vehicle is realized by combining the two battery replacement processes and a quick charging system, so that the advantages of battery replacement and quick charging are combined with each other, and the advantages of battery replacement and quick charging are made up for the deficiencies of each other; and when the battery replacement operation is carried out, the whole thermal management process is started at the first time, so that the safety and the high efficiency of the battery pack are guaranteed, and the subsequent charging process is completed.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: parking lot charging method based on battery replacement type electric vehicle is characterized in that: the system comprises a battery replacement type electric vehicle and a parking lot with a battery replacement function; the parking lot with the battery replacement function at least comprises a battery replacement subsystem, a centralized charging subsystem, a parking area and a conveying device; the power conversion type electric vehicle comprises a battery pack which is used as a first power source and can perform power conversion operation;
the parking lot charging method based on the battery replacement type electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
s101, when the battery replacement type electric vehicle enters a parking lot with a battery replacement function and has a charging requirement, firstly executing a first battery replacement process: the power-exchanging type electric vehicle runs to the power-exchanging subsystem, the battery pack to be charged is exchanged through the power-exchanging subsystem, and the battery pack is placed in the conveying device;
s102, starting a second power source to run to a parking area to park by the battery-replaceable electric vehicle;
s103, the conveying device conveys the battery pack to be charged to the centralized charging subsystem for charging;
s104, after the charging is finished, the charged battery pack is transported to a battery replacement subsystem by the transporting device;
s105, the battery replacing type electric vehicle continues to use the second power source to run to the battery replacing system, the charged battery pack is loaded into the battery replacing type electric vehicle through the battery replacing system, and then the vehicle leaves;
in steps S103 and S104, the thermal management module performs a full-range thermal management control on the battery pack in the transport device.
It should be noted that: the charging rate mainly adopted in the charging process is at least 1C, and can be 2C or higher when the conditions allow, and certainly, the charging process can be compatible with a lower charging rate; the second power source may be a case where a fixed battery pack having a small capacity is fixedly mounted in the charge-transfer electric vehicle, or a charge-transfer battery pack having a small capacity, which is temporarily provided by a service provider as the same as the on-vehicle battery pack interface, or a non-electric power source in the hybrid charge-transfer electric vehicle.
Further, monitoring the real-time temperature T of the battery in the battery pack through a temperature sensor; meanwhile, at least setting four battery temperature interval parameters, including: temperature interval parameters T11-T12 in the charging preparation stage, temperature interval parameters T21-T22 in the front charging stage, temperature interval parameters T31-T32 in the rear charging stage and temperature interval parameters T41-T42 after charging is finished; the sequence relationship of the temperature is T21> T11> T31> T41, and T22> T12> T32> T42 (the temperature intervals are allowed to overlap);
the specific operation process is as follows:
s201, when a battery pack to be charged is placed in a conveying device, connecting a thermal management module with the battery pack, preprocessing the battery pack by the thermal management module, and adjusting the temperature of the battery to be between T11 and T12 so as to reduce the internal resistance of the battery and facilitate charging; performing a heating operation if T < T11, and performing a cooling operation if T > T12;
s202, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module at the front stage of the charging process, so that the temperature of the battery is increased and controlled to be between T21 and T22, and performing cooling operation when T > T22; a relatively high charging rate is correspondingly adopted in the period of time;
s203, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module in the later period of the charging process so that the temperature of the battery falls back to a range from T31 to T32; a relatively low charging rate is correspondingly adopted during the period;
s204, after the charging is finished, the battery temperature is continuously controlled by the thermal management module, so that the battery temperature continuously falls back to a range from T41 to T42; the thermal management module is then disconnected from the battery pack and the charged battery pack is loaded into the battery-replaceable electric vehicle.
The invention discloses a parking lot charging system based on a battery replacement type electric vehicle, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a battery replacement type electric vehicle and a parking lot with a battery replacement function; the parking lot with the battery replacement function at least comprises a battery replacement subsystem, a centralized charging subsystem, a parking area and a conveying device;
the battery replacement system is used for replacing a battery pack to be charged in the battery replacement type electric vehicle or loading the charged battery pack into the battery replacement type electric vehicle;
a conveying device: the battery pack charging system is used for conveying a battery pack to be charged from the battery swapping subsystem to the centralized charging subsystem for charging or conveying the charged battery pack to the battery swapping subsystem;
the centralized charging subsystem: the battery pack charging device is used for receiving the conveying device and a battery pack to be charged, charging the battery pack and then releasing the conveying device and the charged battery pack;
parking area: the parking system is used for temporarily parking the battery replacement type electric vehicle separated from the battery pack to be charged, and after the battery pack is charged, the battery replacement type electric vehicle leaves the parking area to the battery replacement subsystem to load the charged battery pack into the battery replacement type electric vehicle, so that the battery replacement type electric vehicle can be normally used;
the delivery device also includes a thermal management module, the thermal management module including at least: the heat exchange system comprises a cold storage module, a heat storage module, a control module and a heat exchange connecting interface; the cold storage module and the heat storage module are respectively connected with the control module through pipelines, the control module is connected with the heat exchange connecting interface through a pipeline and selectively outputs cold or heat through the heat exchange connecting interface according to requirements; when the battery pack to be charged is placed in the conveying device, the heat exchange connecting interface is butted with an external interface of a heat exchange module of the battery pack, the connection state is kept all the time, and the connection is disconnected until the charged battery pack is about to be reloaded onto the battery-replaceable electric vehicle; in the process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack is selectively cooled or heated through the cold storage module or the heat storage module in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter target in each control stage, and the safety and the high efficiency of the charging process are ensured.
Furthermore, a plurality of battery replacement subsystems are respectively arranged at different positions in the parking lot with the battery replacement function, and special channels for the conveying device to use are respectively arranged between each battery replacement subsystem and the centralized charging subsystem, so that the conveying device can move back and forth between each battery replacement subsystem and the centralized charging subsystem. Therefore, the battery replacement type electric vehicle can freely select a proper battery replacement subsystem to execute a first battery replacement process or a second battery replacement process.
Furthermore, the electronic tags of the identity information are arranged in the battery packs, and each battery replacement type electric vehicle can prevent the situation of replacement errors in the battery replacement process by checking the electronic tags of the corresponding battery packs, so that the battery packs are special.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the problem of battery sharing in the battery replacement mode and the problem that the battery replacement mode does not support quick charging are solved, and especially for private car owners, the private car owners can always use exclusive battery packs and can obtain high-quality quick charging service through the charging method;
2. the problem of battery universality in a battery replacement mode is solved, and different whole vehicle manufacturers and different vehicle types can normally run only by generalizing a battery replacement interface without unifying specifications of battery packs;
3. the problem that a large number of self-contained batteries are needed in the battery replacement station is solved, and a large number of battery replacement type electric vehicles can be served only by a small number of self-contained batteries;
4. the occupied area is much smaller than that of a quick charging station with the same scale, and the site utilization rate is extremely high; the problems of large occupied area and high construction standard of the centralized quick charging station are solved;
5. compared with a quick charging station, the distance of the electric power connecting cable between the charging module and the battery pack is greatly shortened through the centralized charging subsystem, so that the cost can be reduced, the efficiency can be improved, and the safety can be improved;
6. in the invention, because the large-capacity centralized charging subsystem is arranged in a relatively independent area, certain distances are possible between the battery replacement subsystem and the centralized charging subsystem and between different battery replacement subsystems; when the battery pack is separated from the vehicle, the battery pack is directly connected with a thermal management module in the conveying device; the heat management module fully utilizes all available time to carry out whole-process heat management on the quick charging process of the battery pack; the problems of insufficient capacity and inconvenient adjustment of a vehicle-mounted thermal management system are solved;
7. in the charging process, the battery pack is at a relatively high temperature in a short time, so that the activity of the battery can be increased, the internal resistance can be reduced, and the upper limit of the safe charging rate can be further improved; then, the battery returns to a reasonable use temperature range by a rapid cooling method, thereby being convenient for safe use in the battery replacement type electric vehicle and being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the battery; moreover, although the adjustment of the temperature of the battery pack to a large extent seems to be high in energy consumption, the key points are that: first, the loss of self-heating is reduced due to the reduction of the internal resistance of the battery; second, since the initial temperature and the final temperature of the battery are not much different, in practice, taking the carnot cycle commonly used in a cooling/heating system as an example, when the system needs to output cold and heat simultaneously, only less electric energy is needed to realize and form a closed loop, so the overall economy is better. However, if the prior art is adopted to directly use electric energy for heating and then use the air conditioning system for cooling, a closed loop cannot be formed, that is, a large amount of energy is consumed for heating and cooling, and the prior art is not practical.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the basic operation flow diagram of the invention;
FIG. 2: the system structure and operation flow chart (expressway service area) of the invention;
FIG. 3: the invention is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a conveying device;
FIG. 4: the invention has a schematic structural diagram of a conveying device with a compression heat pump module;
FIG. 5: the invention discloses a quick charging process control parameter schematic diagram (I);
FIG. 6: the invention discloses a quick charging process control parameter schematic diagram (II);
wherein: 1: power-change electric vehicle, 2: battery replacement system, 201: first swapping electronic system, 202: second battery replacement system, 3: centralized charging subsystem, 4: parking area, 5: conveying device, 6: dedicated channel, 601: first dedicated channel, 602: second dedicated channel, 603: third dedicated channel, 7: battery pack, 701: external interface of heat exchange module (of battery pack), 8: cold source, 9: a heat source;
the routes and arrow directions indicated by S101, S102, S103, S104, S105 correspond to the functions of the respective steps;
the carrying device of fig. 3 includes: 501: cold storage module, 502: heat storage module, 503: control module, 504: a heat exchange connection interface; a partial enlarged view of the location where the heat exchange connection interface including the carrying device is connected to the battery pack;
the carrying device of fig. 4 includes: 505: evaporator, 506: compressor, 507: a condenser.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the parking lot charging system based on the battery replacement type electric vehicle is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: the application scene of the invention is mainly long-distance outgoing and quick charging; the invention will therefore be described by way of example in relation to a service area of a motorway. According to statistical analysis, the long stay time of the user in the expressway service area is about 20-30 minutes, and the electric energy supplement is completed in the time period as far as possible, so that the traveling experience of the user is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 2, two battery replacing subsystems 2 are arranged in the expressway service area, that is, a first battery replacing subsystem 201 and a second battery replacing subsystem 202 are respectively arranged at the entrance and the exit of the expressway service area (for the convenience of users); a centralized charging subsystem 3 and a parking area 4 are respectively arranged inside the parking device; three special channels 6, namely a first special channel 601, a second special channel 602 and a third special channel 603, are respectively arranged among the centralized charging subsystem 3, the first battery replacing subsystem 201 and the second battery replacing subsystem 202 and are used for the reciprocating movement of the conveying device 5; the above-mentioned dedicated passage 6 can be of a concealed design, i.e. the passage body is arranged below the surface of the ground, so that the transport device 5 can be moved without hindrance.
Firstly, when the battery replacement type electric vehicle 1 enters the expressway service area, firstly, the battery pack 7 to be charged is replaced by a small-capacity battery pack (for example, a battery pack of 5 Kwh) provided by a service provider at the first battery replacement subsystem 201 through the first battery replacement subsystem 201 at the entrance; the small-capacity battery pack is different from the normal battery pack 7 in electric quantity, and the battery replacement interface for butting with the vehicle is the same; then, the battery-replaceable electric vehicle drives into the parking area 4 by taking a low-capacity battery pack as a second power source to park;
secondly, placing the battery pack 7 to be charged in the transport device 5, butting the heat exchange connection interface 504 of the transport device 5 with the external interface 701 of the heat exchange module of the battery pack 7, and keeping the connection state all the time; at this time, the thermal management module of the conveying device 5 is started to carry out whole-process thermal management control on the battery pack 7 in the conveying device 5;
thirdly, the conveying device 5 enters the centralized charging subsystem 3 along the first special channel 601, connects the centralized charging subsystem 3 with a charging interface of the battery pack 7 and charges the battery pack 7; at this time, the battery pack 7 is still in the transport device 5, and the thermal management module of the transport device 5 continues to operate;
fourthly, after the charging is completed, the transportation device 5 leaves the centralized charging subsystem 3 with the battery pack 7, and reaches the second battery replacement subsystem 202 at the outlet along the second dedicated channel 602, and the thermal management module of the transportation device 5 continuously works; meanwhile, the power conversion type electric vehicle 1 is notified to go to the second power conversion electronic system 202; then, the charged battery pack 7 is loaded onto the battery replacement type electric vehicle 1 through the second battery replacement subsystem 202, and the small-capacity battery pack is taken out and put into the conveying device 5 for standby; at this time, the battery replacement type electric vehicle 1 can leave the service area to continue running;
fifth, the transportation device 5 carries the small-capacity battery pack to return to the first battery replacement system 201 along the third dedicated channel 603 for standby (corresponding to S106 in the figure); and then the reciprocating operation is carried out according to the cycle.
In the system, a plurality of transport devices 5 are provided, and the number of transport devices 5 is set according to the parallel charging capability of the centralized charging subsystem 3.
In order to enable the heat management module in the transportation device 5 to continuously operate, a cold source 8 and a heat source 9 are arranged in a parking lot with an electricity exchanging function, or/and a compression type heat pump module is arranged in the transportation device 5.
Further, the parking lot with the electricity exchanging function further comprises a cold source 8 and a heat source 9, wherein the cold source 8 and the heat source 9 are used for preparing and storing sufficient cold and heat respectively, and are used for supplementing cold and heat respectively to the cold storage module 501 and the heat storage module 502 in the conveying device 5. The cold source 8 and the heat source 9 are located near the centralized charging subsystem 3, and during the charging process, the cold source and the heat source are respectively and timely supplemented according to the energy consumption conditions of the cold storage module 501 and the heat storage module 502 in the conveying device 5. The mode of synchronous operation of cooling and heating is usually adopted to reduce energy consumption.
Further, a compression heat pump module is provided in the transport device 5, and the compression heat pump module includes at least an evaporator 505, a compressor 506, and a condenser 507; the evaporator 505 is arranged in the cold storage module 501, and the condenser 507 is arranged in the heat storage module 502; when the compressor 506 is operated, the evaporator 505 side cools and the condenser 507 side heats.
The compression type heat pump module can be determined to run according to refrigeration or heating according to the proportional relation between the cold quantity and the heat quantity required in the control process; in general, the difference between the amount of cold and the amount of heat is supplemented by electric energy, i.e. the more cold is required in accordance with the cooling operation and, for the less heat is required, the more heat is required in accordance with the heating operation. Unlike the conventional heat pump system, in this embodiment, if it is necessary to switch the mode between cooling and heating, the positions and functions of the condenser 507 and the evaporator 505 are kept unchanged.
Example 2:
the parking lot charging method based on the battery replacement type electric vehicle is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
multiple studies show that when a battery is charged, if the temperature of the battery is properly increased, the activity of the battery can be excited, and the charging process can be completed more quickly; however, the problem is how to quickly raise the temperature of the battery by controllable measures and quickly lower the temperature of the battery to a normal level after the charging is completed, and the whole process is not only quick, but also low in energy consumption.
Generally, the cooling capacity and the heating capacity of a vehicle thermal management system of a passenger vehicle are respectively between 2 and 5KW, and if the cooling capacity and the heating capacity are increased, the cost is high, and the volume of the system is also increased, so that the realization is difficult. According to the invention, the cold storage module 501 and the heat storage module 502 are adopted in the heat management module of the conveying device 5, and the high-grade cold/heat quantity can be prepared and the preparation cost can be reduced by a common energy storage technical means which is prepared and stored in advance, so that the bottleneck is basically not existed in the aspects of the output refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity; for example, the output capacity is increased by increasing the temperature difference, and ice-water mixture at about 0 ℃ is stored in the cold storage module 501, and hot water at more than 80 ℃ is stored in the heat storage module 502. At this time, as long as the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 has strong heat exchange capability and heat soaking capability, the thermal management goal of quickly adjusting the battery temperature in the battery pack 7 can be achieved.
First, the charging time period is set to tc, and the in-transit time periods of the battery pack 7 before and after charging are 0.1tc, respectively; that is, the time when the battery pack 7 corresponding to S101 is loaded into the transport device 5 is-0.1 tc, and the time when the battery pack 7 corresponding to S105 is unloaded from the transport device 5 is 1.1 tc. Since the battery pack 7 generally has 10-20% of the charge capacity (SOC) during charging, it is economical and safe to charge the battery pack to about 80% and not more than 90%, and the maximum charge capacity of a single quick charge is about 70% of the total charge capacity of the battery pack. The following is divided into two cases according to the characteristics of the battery pack 7, and the quick-charge method is analyzed in this example and example 3, respectively.
In the present embodiment, the case where the heat exchange capacity of the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 is relatively weak; the highest charge rate was 2C, and the specific temperature control parameters were as follows:
temperature interval parameters T11=35 ℃ and T12=40 ℃ in the charging preparation phase;
the temperature interval parameter of the charging front section is T21=40 ℃, T22=45 ℃;
the temperature interval parameter T31=35 ℃ and T32=40 ℃ of the post-charging section;
after charging is finished, temperature interval parameters T41=25 ℃, T42=30 ℃;
as shown in fig. 5 (tc =24 min, total time spent 28.8 min), the specific procedure was as follows:
at the first, -0.1tc time, the battery pack 7 to be charged is placed into the transport device 5, assuming that the battery temperature T =30 ℃ and the battery remaining capacity in the battery pack 7 is 10%; at this time, the thermal management module of the conveyor 5 is started to perform a heating operation such that the battery temperature is raised to about 40 ℃;
secondly, at the time of 0tc, the conveying device 5 enters the centralized charging subsystem 3 at the moment, and the centralized charging subsystem 3 is connected with the battery pack 7, namely, the charging process is started; a 2C charging rate is adopted in a time period from 0tc to 0.5tc, and the battery heats up in the charging process, so that real-time monitoring is carried out in the process, and if the temperature of the battery exceeds 45 ℃, proper cooling operation is carried out; the battery charge at the end of this time period is about 50%;
thirdly, performing a cooling operation for a time period of 0.5tc to 1tc so that the battery temperature gradually decreases from 45 ℃ to 35 ℃, and gradually reducing the charging rate from 2C to 1C according to the temperature change in the process; finally, the charging process is completed, and the battery electric quantity is about 80% when the charging process is finished;
fourthly, a time period of 1tc to 1.1tc, the transport device 5 leaves the centralized charging subsystem 3 and finally loads the charged battery pack 7 into the battery replaceable electric vehicle 1; in the process, the cooling operation is continuously performed, so that the temperature of the battery is reduced to about 25 ℃, and the battery replacement type electric vehicle 1 is convenient to safely use in the subsequent driving process.
Because the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature of the battery is not large, the heat management energy consumption of the whole process is lower through the operation mode of cooling and heating in the system.
It should be noted that: the time lengths of the front charging period and the rear charging period can be the same or different, and can be adjusted according to actual conditions; moreover, it is a practical and safe strategy to adopt a relatively high charging rate in the front period when the SOC of the battery is low and a relatively low charging rate in the rear period when the SOC of the battery is high. The temperature parameters of the respective control stages may be adjusted according to actual conditions, for example, if the ambient temperature is low, the final temperature of the battery may be appropriately increased, and if the ambient temperature is high, the final temperature of the battery may be appropriately decreased for use.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 2, when the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 has higher heat exchange capacity and heat soaking capacity, for example, measures such as a high-performance microchannel water cooling plate are adopted; a maximum charge rate of 3C may be used, with specific temperature control parameters as follows:
temperature interval parameters T11=40 ℃ and T12=50 ℃ in the charging preparation phase;
the temperature interval parameter T21=50 ℃ at the front charging section, and T22=55 ℃;
the temperature interval parameter T31=35 ℃ and T32=40 ℃ of the post-charging section;
after charging is finished, temperature interval parameters T41=25 ℃, T42=30 ℃;
as shown in fig. 6 (tc =17 min, total time consumption 20.4 min), the specific procedure was as follows:
at the first, -0.1tc time, the battery pack 7 to be charged is placed into the transport device 5, assuming that the battery temperature T =30 ℃ and the battery remaining capacity in the battery pack 7 is 10%; at this time, the thermal management module of the conveyor 5 is started to perform a heating operation such that the battery temperature is raised to about 50 ℃;
secondly, at the time of 0tc, the conveying device 5 enters the centralized charging subsystem 3 at the moment, and the centralized charging subsystem 3 is connected with the battery pack 7, namely, the charging process is started; a 3C charging rate is adopted in a time period from 0tc to 0.5tc, and the battery heats up in the charging process, so that real-time monitoring is carried out in the process, and if the temperature of the battery exceeds 55 ℃, a moderate cooling operation is carried out; the battery charge at the end of this period is about 52.5%;
thirdly, performing a cooling operation so that the battery temperature gradually decreases from 55 ℃ to 35 ℃ during a time period of 0.5tc to 1tc, during which the charging rate is gradually reduced from 3C to 1C according to the change in temperature; finally, the charging process is completed, and the battery capacity is about 80.83% at the end;
fourthly, a time period of 1tc to 1.1tc, the transport device 5 leaves the centralized charging subsystem 3 and finally loads the charged battery pack 7 into the battery replaceable electric vehicle 1; in the process, the cooling operation is continuously performed, so that the temperature of the battery is reduced to about 25 ℃, and the battery replacement type electric vehicle 1 is convenient to safely use in the subsequent driving process.
With reference to embodiment 1, the total time for replenishing the electric energy of the battery replacement electric vehicle 1 in the service area of the expressway is about 20 minutes, and during this time, the user can move freely in the service area, and the user's demand can be basically met. For the expressway service area, if two charging subsystems 2 of "inlet + outlet" are provided and the supporting electric facilities are sufficient, theoretically, 40 charging electric vehicles 1 can be served every hour, and the centralized charging subsystem 3 with a small floor area is mainly added. Compared with the rapid charging stations with the same service capacity, at least 20 high-standard rapid charging parking spaces need to be built, and due to factors in multiple aspects, the existing rapid charging stations for the national power grid highway are only built by configuring 4 direct current charging piles per station. It can be seen that the solution of the present invention is very outstanding in terms of construction cost, floor space, service ability and safety.
Through the technical scheme of the embodiment, even if the vehicle adopts the shared battery mode in the area where the vehicle usually runs, the special battery pack can be at least ensured to be used all the time in the process of crossing the area and going out for a long distance; therefore, a service provider in the battery replacement sharing mode can focus on providing battery sharing service in a certain area instead of covering all areas, so that the operation threshold of the service provider is greatly reduced, and the popularization and application of the battery replacement mode are facilitated.
For convenience of explanation, the control processes in examples 2 and 3 are slightly simplified as compared with the actual processes. In addition, the control strategy described in embodiments 2 and 3 is only one of many control strategies, and those skilled in the art may make various adjustments and changes according to actual situations, for example, a control strategy mainly using cooling in the whole process may also be adopted.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. Parking lot charging method based on battery replacement type electric vehicle is characterized in that: the parking lot comprises a battery replacement type electric vehicle (1) and a parking lot with a battery replacement function; the parking lot with the battery replacement function at least comprises a battery replacement subsystem (2), a centralized charging subsystem (3), a parking area (4) and a conveying device (5); the power conversion type electric vehicle (1) comprises a battery pack (7) which is used as a first power source and can perform power conversion operation;
the parking lot charging method based on the battery replacement type electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
s101, when the battery replacement type electric vehicle (1) enters a parking lot with a battery replacement function and has a charging requirement, firstly, executing a first battery replacement process: the power-exchanging electric vehicle (1) runs to the power-exchanging subsystem (2), a battery pack (7) to be charged is exchanged down through the power-exchanging subsystem (2), and the battery pack (7) is placed in the conveying device (5);
s102, starting a second power source to run to a parking area (4) to park by the battery-replaceable electric vehicle (1);
s103, the battery pack (7) to be charged is conveyed to the centralized charging subsystem (3) by the conveying device (5) for charging;
s104, after the charging is finished, the charged battery pack (7) is conveyed to the battery replacement subsystem (2) by the conveying device (5);
s105, the battery replacing type electric vehicle (1) continues to use the second power source to travel to the battery replacing system (2), the charged battery pack (7) is loaded into the battery replacing type electric vehicle (1) through the battery replacing system (2), and then the battery replacing type electric vehicle leaves;
the conveying device (5) further comprises a thermal management module, and in the steps S103 and S104, the thermal management module performs whole-process thermal management control on the battery pack (7) in the conveying device (5).
2. The battery-swapping-type electric vehicle-based parking lot charging method according to claim 1, wherein: monitoring the real-time temperature T of the battery in the battery pack (7) through a temperature sensor; meanwhile, at least setting four battery temperature interval parameters, including: temperature interval parameters T11-T12 in the charging preparation stage, temperature interval parameters T21-T22 in the front charging stage, temperature interval parameters T31-T32 in the rear charging stage and temperature interval parameters T41-T42 after charging is finished; the sequence relation of the temperature is T21> T11> T31> T41, and T22> T12> T32> T42;
the specific operation process is as follows:
s201, when a battery pack (7) to be charged is placed in a conveying device (5), connecting a thermal management module with the battery pack (7), preprocessing the battery pack (7) by the thermal management module, and regulating the temperature of the battery to be between T11 and T12 to reduce the internal resistance of the battery for charging; performing a heating operation if T < T11, and performing a cooling operation if T > T12;
s202, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module at the front stage of the charging process, so that the temperature of the battery is increased and controlled to be between T21 and T22, and performing cooling operation when T > T22; a relatively high charging rate is correspondingly adopted in the period of time;
s203, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module in the later period of the charging process so that the temperature of the battery falls back to a range from T31 to T32; a relatively low charging rate is correspondingly adopted during the period;
s204, after the charging is finished, the battery temperature is continuously controlled by the thermal management module, so that the battery temperature continuously falls back to a range from T41 to T42; the thermal management module is then disconnected from the battery pack (7) and the charged battery pack (7) is loaded into the hybrid electric vehicle (1).
3. The parking lot charging system based on the battery replacement type electric vehicle is characterized by comprising a battery replacement type electric vehicle (1) and a parking lot with a battery replacement function; the parking lot with the battery replacement function at least comprises a battery replacement subsystem (2), a centralized charging subsystem (3), a parking area (4) and a conveying device (5);
the battery replacement system (2) is used for replacing a battery pack (7) to be charged in the battery replacement type electric vehicle (1) or loading the charged battery pack (7) into the battery replacement type electric vehicle (1);
conveying device (5): the charging system is used for conveying a battery pack (7) to be charged from the battery replacement subsystem (2) to the centralized charging subsystem (3) for charging or conveying the charged battery pack (7) to the battery replacement subsystem (2);
centralized charging subsystem (3): for receiving the transport device (5) and the battery pack (7) to be charged, charging the battery pack (7) and then releasing the transport device (5) and the charged battery pack (7);
parking area (4): the parking system is used for temporarily parking the battery replacing type electric vehicle (1) separated from the battery pack (7) to be charged, and after the battery pack (7) is charged, the battery replacing type electric vehicle (1) leaves the parking area (4) to the battery replacing subsystem (2) to load the charged battery pack (7) into the battery replacing type electric vehicle (1) for normal use;
the delivery device (5) further comprises a thermal management module, which at least comprises: the system comprises a cold storage module (501), a heat storage module (502), a control module (503) and a heat exchange connection interface (504); the cold storage module (501) and the heat storage module (502) are respectively connected with the control module (503) through pipelines, and the control module (503) is connected with the heat exchange connection interface (504) through a pipeline and selectively outputs cold or heat according to the requirement through the heat exchange connection interface (504)); when the battery pack (7) to be charged is placed in the transport device (5), the heat exchange connection interface (504)) is butted with an external interface (701) of a heat exchange module of the battery pack (7) and keeps a connection state until the charged battery pack (7) is disconnected when being reloaded onto the battery exchange type electric vehicle (1); in the process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack (7) is selectively cooled or heated through the cold storage module (501) or the heat storage module (502) in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack (7) can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets of each control stage.
4. The battery replacement type electric vehicle-based parking lot charging system according to claim 3, wherein: a plurality of battery replacing subsystems (2) are respectively arranged at different positions in a parking lot with a battery replacing function, and special channels (6) for the conveying device (5) to use are respectively arranged between each battery replacing subsystem (2) and the centralized charging subsystem (3), so that the conveying device (5) can move back and forth between each battery replacing subsystem (2) and the centralized charging subsystem (3).
5. The battery replacement type electric vehicle-based parking lot charging system according to claim 3, wherein: electronic tags of identity information are arranged in the battery packs (7), and each battery replacement type electric vehicle (1) is prevented from having replacement errors in the battery replacement process by checking the electronic tags of the corresponding battery packs (7).
6. The battery replacement type electric vehicle-based parking lot charging system according to claim 3, wherein: the parking lot with the electricity exchanging function further comprises a cold source (8) and a heat source (9), wherein the cold source (8) and the heat source (9) are used for preparing and storing cold and heat respectively and used for respectively supplementing the cold storage module (501) and the heat storage module (502) in the conveying device (5) with the cold and heat.
7. The battery replacement type electric vehicle-based parking lot charging system according to claim 3, wherein: a compression type heat pump module is arranged in the conveying device (5), and the compression type heat pump module at least comprises an evaporator (505), a compressor (506) and a condenser (507); the evaporator (505) is arranged in the cold storage module (501), and the condenser (507) is arranged in the heat storage module (502); when the compressor (506) is operated, the evaporator (505) end refrigerates and the condenser (507) end heats.
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| CN202110278584.9A CN112659967A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Parking lot charging system and method based on battery replacement type electric vehicle |
| CN202210252467.XA CN114590160B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-15 | Battery pack transfer conveying device and electric vehicle electric energy supplementing method |
| CN202210252713.1A CN114590170B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-15 | Electric vehicle battery pack rapid charging system and method |
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| CN202110278584.9A CN112659967A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Parking lot charging system and method based on battery replacement type electric vehicle |
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| CN202210252713.1A Active CN114590170B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-15 | Electric vehicle battery pack rapid charging system and method |
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