Bending mechanism of metal plate for electromagnetic shielding
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sheet metal machining, in particular to a sheet metal bending mechanism for electromagnetic shielding.
Background
The metal plate has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, electric conduction (capable of being used for electromagnetic shielding), low cost, good large-scale mass production performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of electronic appliances, communication, automobile industry, medical instruments and the like, for example, in computer cases, mobile phones and MP3, the metal plate is an essential component. With the wider and wider application of the sheet metal, the design of the sheet metal part becomes an important part in the product development process. For example, the bending of the electromagnetic shielding sheet metal is a process which is necessary in the processing process, and therefore, it is necessary to provide a bending mechanism for the electromagnetic shielding sheet metal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bending mechanism of a sheet metal for electromagnetic shielding aiming at the defects of the prior art, when the device is used, a sheet metal plate to be processed is placed between the fixed roller and the movable roller, then the sheet metal plate is pushed forward when the feeding motor drives the fixed roller to rotate, the movable roller applies pressure downwards through the gravity ball, then the sheet metal plate is conveyed to the bending table, burrs and flashes at the edge of the sheet metal plate are flattened, then elevator motor drives the toothed disc rotation for the pressure plate of toothed disc one side is vertical downwards, then two output contractions of double-end cylinder, and frame shape pressfitting frame and pressure plate can exert pressure downwards, press at the edge of panel beating until the pressure plate, and the cam is when rotatory, and two jack-up pieces can be upwards extruded, and the strip piece of bending at this moment so can be upwards extruded by taking turns, has realized the function of automatic bending.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding comprises a bending table, wherein the bending table is independently and fixedly installed, four corners of the bottom surface of the bending table are provided with ground feet, two opposite sides of the bending table are provided with bending assemblies, each bending assembly comprises a locking plate strip, the locking plate strips are fixedly installed, a bending strip block is arranged above each locking plate strip, two opposite ends of each locking plate strip are provided with vertical square rods, two ends of each bending strip block are provided with square sleeves matched with the corresponding vertical square rods, the vertical square rods are inserted into the inner sides of the corresponding square sleeves and are in sliding connection with the square sleeves, the outer side of each vertical square rod is sleeved with a spring, the bottom end of each spring is connected with the top surface of each locking plate strip, the top end of each spring is connected with the bottom surface of each bending strip block, the bottom ends of the two locking plate strips are provided with a strip-shaped bottom plate together, the strip-shaped bottom plates are perpendicular to the two locking plate strips, the opposite ends of the bottom surface of the strip-shaped bottom plate are respectively provided with a hydraulic short pipe, the two hydraulic short pipes respectively correspond to two locking laths, the inner side of each hydraulic short pipe is inserted with an extrusion rod, the peripheral surface of the extrusion rod is attached to the inner wall of the hydraulic short pipe, the bottom end of the extrusion rod is provided with an extrusion plate, the top end of each locking lath is provided with a hydraulic end, the inner side of the hydraulic end is provided with an ejection block, the lower part of the ejection block is attached to the inner wall of the hydraulic end, the ejection block is connected with the bottom surface of the bending lath, the strip-shaped bottom plate is connected with the locking laths through an infusion hard pipe in an inserting way, the two ends of the infusion hard pipe are respectively communicated with the hydraulic end and the hydraulic short pipes, the bottom end of the strip-shaped bottom plate is provided with a locking shaft seat, one side of the locking shaft seat is provided with a connecting column, the connecting column is rotatably connected with the locking shaft seat, the connecting column is provided with two cams, the two cams are staggered with each other, the two cams are respectively attached to the bottom surfaces of the two extrusion plates, and a bending motor is arranged on the other side of the locking shaft seat, and the output end of the bending motor penetrates through the locking shaft seat to be connected with the connecting column.
In one embodiment, a frame-shaped pressing frame is installed above the bending table, vertical grooves are formed in two sides of the frame-shaped pressing frame, sliding blocks are inserted into the inner sides of the vertical grooves and are in sliding connection with the vertical grooves, an L-shaped pressing arm is arranged on one side of each sliding block and extends in opposite directions, a gear disc is installed at the end portion of each L-shaped pressing arm and is rotatably connected with the L-shaped pressing arm, two racks are installed on the inner side wall of the frame-shaped pressing frame and are adjacent to the two vertical grooves respectively, each rack is meshed with the corresponding gear disc, a lifting motor is fixedly installed on the side wall of each L-shaped pressing arm, and the output end of the lifting motor penetrates through the L-shaped pressing arm to be connected with the gear disc.
In one of them embodiment, one side fixed mounting that every toothed disc deviates from vertical groove has the upset arm, the equal fixed mounting of the one end in opposite directions of two upset arms has the articulated piece of activity, and the pressure plate is installed to one side of the articulated piece of activity, the middle part of pressure plate articulates on the articulated piece of activity, the relative both ends of pressure plate and the relative both sides wall of upset arm all are provided with the pull ring, be connected through reset spring between the pull ring of pressure plate tip and the pull ring of upset arm lateral wall, every reset spring's both ends all be provided with pull ring assorted couple, the upset arm, two liang of mutually perpendicular of vertical groove and pressure plate, two pressure plates are parallel to each other the interval setting.
In one embodiment, a ceiling board is arranged above the frame-shaped pressing frame and fixedly installed relative to the ground, round sleeves are arranged at two ends of the ceiling board, two vertical rods matched with the round sleeves are fixedly arranged at the top end of the frame-shaped pressing frame, and the two vertical rods are respectively inserted into the two round sleeves in a sliding mode.
In one of them embodiment, the bottom surface of furred ceiling board and the top surface of frame shape pressfitting frame all fixed mounting have two articulated blocks, every articulated block and the articulated block that corresponds on the frame shape pressfitting frame of furred ceiling board form a set of articulated block, install long arm and short arm on two articulated blocks of every articulated block of group respectively, the one end that long arm and short arm are adjacent articulates each other, be provided with double-end cylinder between furred ceiling board and the frame shape pressfitting frame, the output pole of buckling is installed to two output ends of double-end cylinder, the end of every output pole of buckling injects in the pin joint of long arm and short arm.
In one of them embodiment, one side of platform of bending is provided with the feeding subassembly, the feeding subassembly includes two stands, install fixed roll and activity roller between two stands, the activity roller is in the upside of fixed roll, the both ends of fixed roll/activity roller are provided with the round bar that alternates respectively at two stand inboards, the round bar at activity roller both ends respectively with two stand sliding connection, the round bar at fixed roll both ends rotates with two stands respectively to be connected, and one side of every stand is provided with the wire casing, the round bar at activity roller both ends all outwards is equipped with the pressure round bar, the pressure round bar passes from the wire casing, and the end of pressure round bar installs the gravity ball, fixed mounting has the feeding motor on the lateral wall of one of them stand, the output of feeding motor passes the stand, in order to be connected with the fixed roll.
In one of them embodiment, the one side that the feeding subassembly was kept away from to the platform of bending is provided with the unloading platform, the independent fixed mounting of unloading platform, the below of unloading platform is provided with the unloading subassembly, the unloading subassembly includes two hoist and mount guide rails, hoist and mount guide rail fixed mounting, the cover is equipped with the hoist and mount slider on every hoist and mount guide rail, hoist and mount slider and hoist guide rail sliding connection, through objective table fixed connection between two hoist and mount sliders, one side fixed mounting of every hoist and mount slider has the L shape board of bending, one side fixed mounting of the board that bends of L shape has the pressfitting cylinder, the rubber strip piece is installed to the output of pressfitting cylinder, the output pole of pressfitting cylinder passes the L shape board of bending, be provided with on the board that bends with pressfitting cylinder output pole assorted trompil, two rubber strip pieces are located the relative both sides of unloading platform respectively and all are parallel with the hoist and mount guide rail.
In one embodiment, a screw rod is arranged between the two hoisting guide rails, a nut block matched with the hoisting guide rails is arranged at the bottom end of the objective table, the screw rod is installed at the output end of the servo motor, and the servo motor is fixedly installed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the device is used, a sheet metal to be processed is placed between the fixed roller and the movable roller, then the feeding motor drives the fixed roller to rotate, the sheet metal is pushed forwards, the movable roller applies pressure downwards through the gravity ball at the moment, then the sheet metal is sent to the bending table, burrs and fins at the edge of the sheet metal are flattened, then the lifting motor drives the gear disc to rotate, the pressure plate on one side of the gear disc is made to face downwards vertically, then the two output ends of the double-head cylinder are contracted, the frame-shaped pressing frame and the pressure plate apply pressure downwards until the pressure plate is pressed at the edge of the sheet metal, the two jacking blocks are upwards extruded when the cam rotates, then the bending strips at the moment are upwards extruded in turn, the automatic bending function is realized, and the opposite two sides of the sheet metal are bent.
And secondly, after the metal plate is bent, the servo motor drives the objective table to move through the lead screw, the objective table at the moment slides on the hoisting guide rail through the hoisting sliding block, when the press-fit cylinder reaches the edge of the metal plate, the rubber strip block at the output end of the press-fit cylinder stretches out to clamp the metal plate, then the metal plate can be conveyed to the blanking table along with the objective table, the automatic blanking function is realized, the manpower is saved, and the automatic bending operation of the metal plate is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding.
Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feeding assembly of a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a ceiling plate of a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a frame-shaped press frame of a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a bending assembly of a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a blanking assembly of a bending mechanism of a metal plate for electromagnetic shielding.
Description of the reference numerals:
1-bending table, 101-ground foot, 2-bending assembly, 201-locking lath, 202-bending bar block, 203-vertical square rod, 204-spring, 205-square sleeve, 206-hydraulic end, 207-jacking block, 208-infusion hard tube, 209-bar bottom plate, 210-hydraulic short tube, 211-extrusion rod, 212-cam, 213-extrusion plate, 214-locking shaft seat, 215-bending motor, 216-connecting column, 3-feeding assembly, 301-upright column, 302-fixed roller, 303-movable roller, 304-feeding motor, 305-wire groove, 306-pressure round rod, 307-gravity ball, 4-ceiling plate, 401-round sleeve, 402-hinging block, 403-long arm, 404-short arm, 405-double-head air cylinder, 406-bending output rod, 5-frame-shaped pressing frame, 501-vertical rod, 502-sliding block, 503-L-shaped pressing arm, 504-gear disc, 505-rack, 506-lifting motor, 507-turnover arm, 508-movable hinging block, 509-pressure plate, 510-reset spring, 511-pull ring, 512-vertical groove, 6-blanking table, 7-blanking assembly, 701-hoisting guide rail, 702-hoisting slide block, 703-objective table, 704-L-shaped bending plate, 705-pressing air cylinder, 706-servo motor, 707-lead screw and 708-rubber strip block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the bending mechanism for electromagnetic shielding metal plate includes a bending table 1, and the bending table 1 is independently and fixedly installed, for example, fixedly installed relative to the ground. And four corners of the bottom surface of the bending table 1 are provided with feet 101, two opposite sides of the bending table 1 are provided with bending assemblies 2, each bending assembly 2 comprises a locking strip 201, and the locking strips 201 are fixedly mounted, for example, fixedly mounted relative to the ground. The upper part of the locking lath 201 is provided with a bending block 202, the opposite two ends of the locking lath 201 are provided with vertical square rods 203, the two ends of the bending block 202 are provided with square sleeves 205 matched with the corresponding vertical square rods 203, the vertical square rods 203 are inserted into the corresponding square sleeves 205, the vertical square rods 203 are in sliding connection with the square sleeves 205, the outer side of each vertical square rod 203 is sleeved with a spring 204, the bottom end of the spring 204 is connected with the top surface of the locking lath 201, the top end of the spring 204 is connected with the bottom surface of the bending block 202, the lower parts of the two locking laths 201 are provided with a strip-shaped bottom plate 209 together, the strip-shaped bottom plate 209 is perpendicular to the two locking laths 201, the opposite two ends of the bottom surface of the strip-shaped bottom plate 209 are provided with hydraulic short pipes 210, the two hydraulic short pipes 210 correspond to the two locking laths 201 respectively, the inner side of each hydraulic short pipe 210 is inserted with an extrusion rod 211, the peripheral surface of the extrusion rod 211 is attached to the inner wall of the hydraulic short pipe 210, the bottom end of the extrusion rod 211 is provided with an extrusion plate 213, the top end of each locking lath 201 is provided with a hydraulic end 206, the inner side of the hydraulic end 206 is provided with a jacking block 207, the lower part of the jacking block 207 is attached to the inner wall of the hydraulic end 206, the jacking block 207 is connected with the bottom surface of the bending lath 202, the lath-shaped bottom plate 209 and the locking lath 201 are inserted and connected through a transfusion hard tube 208, two ends of the transfusion hard tube 208 are respectively communicated with the hydraulic end 206 and a hydraulic short tube 210, the bottom end of the lath-shaped bottom plate 209 is provided with a locking shaft seat 214, one side of the locking shaft seat 214 is provided with a connecting column 216, the connecting column 216 is rotatably connected with the locking shaft seat 214, the connecting column 216 is provided with two cams 212, the two cams 212 are staggered with each other, for example, 180 degrees are respectively attached to the bottom surface of the extrusion plate 213, the other side of the locking shaft seat 214 is provided with a bending motor 215, and the output end of the bending motor 215 passes through the locking shaft seat 214, so as to connect with the connecting column 216, the bending motor 215 drives the connecting column 216 and the two cams 212 to rotate simultaneously, so that the two cams 212 drive the pressing plate 213 to move upwards in turn, so that the jacking block 207 also moves upwards at this time, and the bending bar 202 at the top end of the jacking block 207 also performs upward punching operation. For example, the locking slats 201 and the strip-shaped base plate 209 are both fixedly mounted relative to the floor.
For example, in order to press the sheet metal on the bending table 1 from top to bottom, so as to bend the sheet metal from bottom to top by the bending bar block 202, a frame-shaped pressing frame 5 is installed above the bending table 1, vertical slots 512 are respectively arranged on both sides of the frame-shaped pressing frame 5, a sliding block 502 is inserted into the inner side of each vertical slot 512, the sliding block 502 is connected with the vertical slot 512 in a sliding manner, an L-shaped pressing arm 503 is arranged on one side of the sliding block 502, a gear plate 504 is installed at the end of each L-shaped pressing arm 503, the gear plate 504 is connected with the L-shaped pressing arm 503 in a rotating manner, two racks 505 are installed on the inner side wall of the frame-shaped pressing frame 5, the two racks 505 are oppositely arranged and respectively adjacent to the two vertical slots 512, each rack 505 is engaged with the corresponding gear plate 504, a lifting motor 506 is fixedly installed on the side wall of each L-shaped pressing arm 503, the output end of the lifting motor 506 passes through the L-shaped pressing arm 503, when the lifting motor 506 drives the gear disc 504 to rotate, the gear disc 504 slides up and down along the rack 505, and the sliding block 502 slides along the vertical slot 501.
An overturning arm 507 is fixedly mounted on one side, which is far away from the vertical groove, of each gear disc 504, a movable hinge block 508 is fixedly mounted at one end, which is opposite to the two overturning arms 507, of each overturning arm 507, a pressure plate 509 is mounted on one side of each movable hinge block 508, pull rings 511 are respectively arranged at two opposite ends of each pressure plate 509 and two opposite side walls of each overturning arm 507, the pull rings 511 at the end parts of the pressure plates 509 are connected with the pull rings 511 at the side walls of the overturning arms 507 through return springs 510, hooks matched with the pull rings 511 are arranged at two ends of each return spring 510, and when the gear discs 504 rotate ninety degrees, the overturning arms 507 are vertically downward, the pressure plates 509 are movably connected with the overturning arms 507, and when the pressure plates 509 are not loaded, the overturning arms 507 and the pressure plates 509 tend to be in a vertical state. The turnover arm 507, the vertical groove 512 and the pressure plates 509 are perpendicular to each other in pairs, and the two pressure plates 509 are arranged in parallel and at intervals. The two pressure plates 509 are used for pressing and holding the metal plate on the positioning bending table 1 so that two opposite sides of the metal plate respectively protrude out of two opposite sides of the straight bending table 1.
For example, in order to facilitate releasing of a metal plate on the bending table 1, a ceiling board 4 is arranged above the frame-shaped press-fit frame 5, for example, the ceiling board 4 is fixedly installed relative to the ground, round sleeves 401 are arranged at both ends of the ceiling board 4, two vertical rods 501 matched with the round sleeves 401 are fixedly arranged at the top end of the frame-shaped press-fit frame 5, the two vertical rods 501 are respectively inserted into the two round sleeves 401 in a sliding manner, and the frame-shaped press-fit frame 5 can move upwards through the vertical rods 501 and the round sleeves 401.
Two hinge blocks 402 are fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the ceiling board 4 and the top surface of the frame-shaped press-fit frame 5, each hinge block 402 of the ceiling board 4 and the corresponding hinge block 402 on the frame-shaped press-fit frame 5 form a set of hinge blocks, a long arm 403 and a short arm 404 are respectively mounted on the two hinge blocks 402 of each set of hinge blocks, adjacent ends of the long arm 403 and the short arm 404 are hinged to each other, a double-head cylinder 405 is arranged between the ceiling board 4 and the frame-shaped press-fit frame 5, bending output rods 406 are mounted at two output ends of the double-head cylinder 405, an end of each bending output rod 406 is inserted into a hinge point of the long arm 403 and the short arm 404, when the output end of the double-head cylinder 405 is contracted or expanded simultaneously, an included angle between the long arm 403 and the short arm 404 is increased or decreased, and then the double-head cylinder 405 indirectly provides power for the frame-shaped press-fit frame 5 to ascend and descend. The double-head cylinder 405 can drive the frame-shaped pressing frame 5 to move upwards so as to release the bent metal plate on the bending table 1.
In order to convey sheet metal to the bending table 1, a feeding assembly 3 is arranged on one side of the bending table 1, the feeding assembly 3 comprises two upright posts 301, a fixed roller 302 and a movable roller 303 are arranged between the two upright posts 301, the movable roller 303 is arranged on the upper side of the fixed roller 302, round rods respectively inserted into the inner sides of the two upright posts 301 are arranged at two ends of the fixed roller 302/the movable roller 303, the round rods at two ends of the movable roller 303 are respectively connected with the two upright posts 301 in a sliding manner, the round rods at two ends of the fixed roller 302 are respectively connected with the two upright posts 301 in a rotating manner, a wire slot 305 is arranged on one side of each upright post 301, a pressure round rod 306 is respectively arranged at two ends of the movable roller 303 in an outward protruding manner, the pressure round rods 306 penetrate through the wire slots 305, a gravity ball 307 is arranged at the end of each pressure round rod 306, a feeding motor 304 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of one of the upright post 301, the output end of the feeding motor 304 penetrates through the upright posts 301 to be connected with the fixed roller 302, the whole sheet metal is placed between the fixed roller 302 and the movable roller 303, the movable roller 303 applies pressure downwards through the gravity ball 307 and the gravity of the movable roller 303, and then the feeding motor 304 drives the fixed roller 302 to rotate, so that the sheet metal is pushed forwards step by step, and burrs and flashes at the edge are tamped.
In order to blank a metal plate on the bending table 1, a blanking table 6 is arranged on one side of the bending table 1 away from the feeding component 3, the blanking table 6 is independently and fixedly installed, a blanking component 7 is arranged below the blanking table 6, the blanking component 7 comprises two hoisting guide rails 701, the hoisting guide rails 701 are fixedly installed, for example, fixedly installed relative to the ground, a hoisting slider 702 is sleeved on each hoisting guide rail 701, the hoisting slider 702 is in sliding connection with the hoisting guide rails 701, the two hoisting sliders 702 are fixedly connected through an object carrying table 703, an L-shaped bending plate 704 is fixedly installed on one side of each hoisting slider 702, a pressing cylinder 705 is fixedly installed on one side of the L-shaped bending plate 704, a rubber strip block 708 is installed at the output end of the pressing cylinder 705, an output rod of the pressing cylinder 705 penetrates through the L-shaped bending plate 704, an opening matched with the output rod of the pressing cylinder 705 is arranged on the L-shaped bending plate 704, the two rubber strip blocks 708 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the blanking table 6 and are parallel to the hoisting guide rail 701. After the sheet metal is bent, the rubber strip 708 at the output end of the press-fit air cylinder 705 extends out to clamp two side faces of the sheet metal, and then the sheet metal and the two hoisting sliding blocks 702 slide out together.
A screw rod 707 is arranged between the two hoisting guide rails 701, a nut block matched with the hoisting guide rails 701 is arranged at the bottom end of the object stage 703, the screw rod 707 is installed at the output end of the servo motor 706, the servo motor 706 is fixedly installed, for example, fixedly installed relative to the hoisting guide rails 701, the servo motor 706 drives the object stage 703 to move through the screw rod 707, and then the servo motor 706 indirectly provides sliding power for the hoisting sliding block 702.
When the device is used, a whole piece of sheet metal is placed between the fixed roller 302 and the movable roller 303, the movable roller 303 applies pressure downwards through the gravity ball 307 and the gravity of the movable roller 303, so that the feeding motor 304 drives the fixed roller 302 to rotate, the sheet metal is pushed forwards step by step, and burrs and flashes at the edge are tamped. The feeding component 3 conveys the metal plate to the bending platform 1, and two sides of the metal plate respectively protrude to the two opposite sides of the bending platform 1.
When the lifting motor 506 drives the gear disc 504 to rotate, the gear disc 504 slides along the rack 505, the sliding block 502 at the moment slides along the vertical groove 501, and when the gear disc 504 rotates ninety degrees, the turnover arm 507 is vertically downward, the pressure plate 509 is movably connected with the turnover arm 507, and the two pressure plates 509 press and hold the sheet metal on the bending table 1.
The bending motor 215 drives the connecting column 216 and the two cams 212 to rotate simultaneously, so that the two cams 212 drive the extrusion plate 213 to move upwards in turn, the jacking block 207 moves upwards at the moment, the bending strip block 202 at the top end of the jacking block 207 also performs upward stamping operation, and the bending body on the side edge of the bending strip block 202 upwards supports against the side edge of the metal plate to bend the metal plate.
The frame-shaped pressing frame 5 can move upwards through the vertical rod 501 and the round sleeve 401, when the output end of the double-head cylinder 405 contracts or expands simultaneously, the included angle between the long arm 403 and the short arm 404 is increased or decreased, and then the double-head cylinder 405 indirectly provides power for the frame-shaped pressing frame 5 to lift. The frame-shaped press frame 5 can be raised to release the sheet metal on the bending table 1.
After the metal plate is bent, the metal plate is conveyed to the blanking table 6, the rubber strip 708 at the output end of the pressing air cylinder 705 extends out to clamp two side faces of the metal plate, then the metal plate slides out together with the two hoisting sliding blocks 702, the servo motor 706 drives the objective table 703 to move through the screw rod 707, and then the servo motor 706 indirectly provides sliding power for the hoisting sliding blocks 702.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.