CN112655621A - River crab culture method for improving acre yield - Google Patents
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- CN112655621A CN112655621A CN202011541378.4A CN202011541378A CN112655621A CN 112655621 A CN112655621 A CN 112655621A CN 202011541378 A CN202011541378 A CN 202011541378A CN 112655621 A CN112655621 A CN 112655621A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a river crab culture method for improving acre yield, which optimizes the specific methods of river crab feeding management, pond water quality management, oxygenation mode and the like on the basis of the traditional river crab high-density culture technology, thereby overcoming the problems of high death rate, small finished crab specification and the like of the traditional high-density river crab culture. Compared with the traditional river crab culture method, the invention not only improves the survival rate of the river crabs, but also has large finished crab specification, thereby effectively improving the acre yield and quality of the river crabs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crab culture, in particular to a river crab culture method for improving acre yield.
Background
The river crab, also known as Chinese mitten crab, is a unique aquatic product in China, has the characteristics of delicious meat taste and rich nutrition, is deeply loved by consumers and has very high economic value. In order to meet the increasing market demand, the large-scale artificial culture of the river crabs is more and more popularized, and the scale of the artificial culture of the river crabs is gradually enlarged. The traditional pond culture of the river crabs mainly carries out intensive high-density culture on the river crabs by planting waterweeds, throwing natural baits such as snails and the like and combining means such as water quality management, artificial feed feeding management and the like, and the technology is mature. However, the problem of high death rate of river crabs is easily caused by excessively high breeding density, the size of the grown crabs is small, and the acre yield of the river crabs cannot be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a river crab culture method for improving the acre yield.
The invention provides a river crab culture method for improving per mu yield, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pond preparation: in the last ten days of 2 months, sterilizing the pond by using quicklime, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 65-75 kg/mu; after the pond is disinfected, applying 150 kg/mu of organic fertilizer 100-; arranging escape-proof nets around the crab pool;
s3, planting and managing aquatic weeds: in the last ten days of 3 months, water is injected until the water depth is 10-20cm, then the waterweeds are planted, and the planting area accounts for 20-30% of the total area of the pond;
planting hydrilla verticillata and eel grass in the middle ten days of 4 months to the end ten days of 4 months, wherein the planting area accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the pond;
in 6-8 months, the water grass coverage rate of the pond is kept to be 50-55%;
s2, crab fry stocking: after 15-20 days of planting the elodea nuttallii, injecting water until the water depth is 80-90cm, and then stocking the crab seedlings into the pond according to the stocking density of 1500-;
s4, feeding management: putting the artificial compound feed A according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crab in 3-4 months; putting the artificial compound feed B according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crab in 5 months; putting artificial mixed feed C according to 4-6% of the weight of the river crab in 6-8 months; from 9 months, putting the artificial mixed feed A according to 4-6% of the weight of the river crabs, and putting the iced fresh fish according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crabs;
throwing spiral shells, mussels or clams from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the throwing amount is 350 kg/mu in addition to 300-;
s5, others: changing water every 10-15 days for 3-4 months, changing water every 20-30cm every time, changing water every 5-7 days for 5-6 months, changing water every 10-15cm every time, changing water every 1-2 days for 7-8 months, and changing water every 15-20cm every time; changing water every 5-7 days from 9 months to harvest, wherein the water is changed by 10-15cm each time; filling water into the pond every 15 days from the beginning of the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the water is 10-15cm in each time until the water depth reaches 1.1-1.2 m;
after the crab seedlings are put in the breeding field, an oxygen increasing machine is used for increasing oxygen twice every day, and the oxygen increasing time is 3:00-6:00 and 14:00-16:00 respectively; applying the particle oxygen increasing agent every 3 days in 7-8 months at an application rate of 0.5-1 kg/mu for 17:00-18: 00;
applying the EM bacterial liquid every 7 days in 7-8 months at an application rate of 1-1.5 kg/mu;
and putting quicklime every 15 days in 6-9 months, wherein the putting amount is 8-12 kg/mu each time, and the transparency of the pond water body is kept to be more than or equal to 30 cm.
Preferably, in step S3, the ratio of the planting area of hydrilla verticillata to the planting area of eel grass is (2-4): 1.
preferably, in step S4, the artificial formula feed a comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fish meal, 15-30 parts of bone meal, 15-30 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of peanut meal, 5-10 parts of fish oil, 3-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 3-5 parts of yeast powder, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 0.5-1.5 parts of compound vitamin and 0.5-1 part of compound mineral substance.
Preferably, in step S4, the artificial formula feed B comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fish meal, 15-30 parts of bone meal, 15-30 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of peanut meal, 5-10 parts of fish oil, 3-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 3-5 parts of yeast powder, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 0.5-1.5 parts of compound vitamin and 0.5-1 part of compound mineral substance.
Preferably, in step S4, the artificial formula feed C comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 20-30 parts of shrimp shell meal, 10-15 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of rice bran, 5-10 parts of fish oil, 5-8 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 1-2 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of compound additive, 1-2 parts of compound vitamin and 1.5-2 parts of compound mineral substance.
Preferably, the preparation method of the composite additive comprises the following steps: adding 1-2 parts of wall-broken bee pollen and 3-5 parts of blueberry pomace into 10-15 parts of water by weight, then inoculating lactobacillus according to the inoculation amount of 0.5-1%, fermenting at 40-42 ℃ for 12-18h, sterilizing, adding 1-2 parts of fish gelatin original hydrolysate, fully mixing uniformly, and freeze-drying to obtain the product.
Preferably, in step S5, the particle oxygenation agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of calcium peroxide, 20-30 parts of expanded rice hull powder, 5-10 parts of attapulgite and 3-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the preparation method of the particle oxygen increasing agent comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight, uniformly mixing the calcium peroxide, the puffed rice hull powder, the attapulgite and the polyvinyl alcohol, and pressing into particles with the diameter of 10-15mm to obtain the calcium peroxide composite material.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, on the basis of the traditional high-density river crab culture technology, the specific methods such as feeding management of river crabs, water quality management of a pond, an oxygenation mode and the like are optimized, wherein by properly adjusting river crab feeds at different stages, different requirements of the river crabs on nutrition at different stages such as a shelling stage, a high-temperature stage and a fattening stage are met, so that the river crabs can smoothly shell, grow and fatten, and the situation that the crabs are only small due to insufficient nutrition requirements is avoided; the composite additive prepared by a special process is added into the feed in the high-temperature stage, active substances which are anti-oxidation and capable of enhancing immunity in the hydrolysate of the wall-broken bee pollen, the blueberry pomace and the fish gelatin are utilized, the immunity of river crabs is increased in advance, the infection of diseases in the high-temperature stage is reduced, the death rate is reduced, meanwhile, the wall-broken bee pollen and the blueberry pomace generate short chain fatty acids under the fermentation of lactobacillus, the adverse effects caused by overhigh water temperature and reduced river crab activity can be reduced, the activity of the river crabs in the high-temperature stage is improved, the digestion is promoted, the metabolism capability of the river crabs is improved, and the growth is accelerated; . The invention overcomes the problems of high death rate, small finished crab size and the like of the traditional high-density river crab culture, and compared with the traditional river crab culture method, the invention not only improves the survival rate of the river crabs, but also has large finished crab size, thereby effectively improving the acre yield and the quality of the river crabs.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A river crab culture method for improving per mu yield comprises the following steps:
s1, pond preparation: disinfecting the pond by using quicklime within 2 months and 17 days, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 70 kg/mu; after the pond is disinfected, applying 120 kg/mu of organic fertilizer to the bottom of the pond; arranging escape-proof nets around the crab pool;
s3, planting and managing aquatic weeds: injecting water to the depth of 15cm in 1 day after 3 months, and then planting the waterweeds, wherein the planting area accounts for 25% of the total area of the pond;
and (3) planting hydrilla verticillata and tape grass in 15 days after 4 months, wherein the planting area accounts for 45 percent of the total area of the pond, and the ratio of the planting areas of the hydrilla verticillata and the tape grass is 3: 1;
in 6-8 months, the water grass coverage rate of the pond is kept to be 50-55%;
s2, crab fry stocking: injecting water to the depth of 80cm in 17 days after 3 months, and then stocking the crab seedlings into the pond according to the stocking density of 1400/mu, wherein the stocking specification of the crab seedlings is 150/kg together with 120-;
s4, feeding management: putting the artificial compound feed A according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crab in 3-4 months; putting the artificial compound feed B according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crab in 5 months; putting artificial mixed feed C according to 4-6% of the weight of the river crab in 6-8 months; from 9 months, putting the artificial mixed feed A according to 4-6% of the weight of the river crabs, and putting the iced fresh fish according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crabs;
throwing spiral shells, mussels or clams from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the throwing amount is 320 kg/mu;
s5, others: changing water every 10-15 days for 3-4 months, changing water every 20-30cm every time, changing water every 5-7 days for 5-6 months, changing water every 10-15cm every time, changing water every 1-2 days for 7-8 months, and changing water every 15-20cm every time; changing water every 5-7 days from 9 months to harvest, wherein the water is changed by 10-15cm each time; pouring water into the pond every 15 days from the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the water is 15cm each time until the water depth reaches 1.1 m;
after the crab seedlings are put in the breeding field, an oxygen increasing machine is used for increasing oxygen twice every day, and the oxygen increasing time is 3:00-6:00 and 14:00-16:00 respectively; applying the particle oxygen increasing agent every 3 days in 7-8 months at an application rate of 0.5-1 kg/mu for 17:00-18: 00;
applying the EM bacterial liquid every 7 days in 7-8 months at an application rate of 1-1.5 kg/mu;
and putting quicklime every 15 days in 6-9 months, wherein the putting amount is 8-12 kg/mu each time, and the transparency of the pond water body is kept to be more than or equal to 30 cm.
The artificial compound feed A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of bone meal, 25 parts of shrimp shell meal, 8 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of wheat bran, 14 parts of peanut meal, 9 parts of fish oil, 4 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 4 parts of yeast powder, 0.8 part of betaine, 1.1 part of compound vitamin and 0.9 part of compound mineral substance.
The artificial mixed feed B comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of bone meal, 25 parts of shrimp shell meal, 8 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of wheat bran, 14 parts of peanut meal, 9 parts of fish oil, 4 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 4 parts of yeast powder, 0.8 part of betaine, 1 part of compound vitamin and 0.6 part of compound mineral substance.
The artificial mixed feed C comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of bone meal, 25 parts of shrimp shell meal, 12 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of wheat bran, 18 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of fish oil, 7 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 0.6 part of betaine, 1.4 parts of compound additive, 4 parts of chitosan, 1.6 parts of compound vitamin and 1.6 parts of compound mineral; the preparation method of the composite additive comprises the following steps: adding 1.5 parts of wall-broken bee pollen and 4 parts of blueberry pomace into 12 parts of water by weight, then inoculating lactobacillus according to the inoculation amount of 0.8%, fermenting for 15h at 41 ℃, adding 1.5 parts of fish gelatin original hydrolysate after sterilization, fully mixing uniformly, and freeze-drying to obtain the product.
The particle oxygen increasing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of calcium peroxide, 25 parts of puffed rice hull powder, 8 parts of attapulgite and 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; the preparation method of the particle oxygen increasing agent comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight, uniformly mixing the calcium peroxide, the puffed rice hull powder, the attapulgite and the polyvinyl alcohol, and pressing into particles with the diameter of 10-15mm to obtain the calcium peroxide composite material.
The results of comparing example 1 with the conventional breeding method are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of river crab cultivation results
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A river crab culture method for improving per mu yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pond preparation: in the last ten days of 2 months, sterilizing the pond by using quicklime, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 65-75 kg/mu; after the pond is disinfected, applying 150 kg/mu of organic fertilizer 100-; arranging escape-proof nets around the crab pool;
s3, planting and managing aquatic weeds: in the last ten days of 3 months, water is injected until the water depth is 10-20cm, then the waterweeds are planted, and the planting area accounts for 20-30% of the total area of the pond;
planting hydrilla verticillata and eel grass in the middle ten days of 4 months to the end ten days of 4 months, wherein the planting area accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the pond;
in 6-8 months, the water grass coverage rate of the pond is kept to be 50-55%;
s2, crab fry stocking: after 15-20 days of planting the elodea nuttallii, injecting water until the water depth is 80-90cm, and then stocking the crab seedlings into the pond according to the stocking density of 1500-;
s4, feeding management: putting the artificial compound feed A according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crab in 3-4 months; putting the artificial compound feed B according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crab in 5 months; putting artificial mixed feed C according to 4-6% of the weight of the river crab in 6-8 months; from 9 months, putting the artificial mixed feed A according to 4-6% of the weight of the river crabs, and putting the iced fresh fish according to 2-3% of the weight of the river crabs;
throwing spiral shells, mussels or clams from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the throwing amount is 350 kg/mu in addition to 300-;
s5, others: changing water every 10-15 days for 3-4 months, changing water every 20-30cm every time, changing water every 5-7 days for 5-6 months, changing water every 10-15cm every time, changing water every 1-2 days for 7-8 months, and changing water every 15-20cm every time; changing water every 5-7 days from 9 months to harvest, wherein the water is changed by 10-15cm each time; filling water into the pond every 15 days from the beginning of the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the water is 10-15cm in each time until the water depth reaches 1.1-1.2 m;
after the crab seedlings are put in the breeding field, an oxygen increasing machine is used for increasing oxygen twice every day, and the oxygen increasing time is 3:00-6:00 and 14:00-16:00 respectively; applying the particle oxygen increasing agent every 3 days in 7-8 months at an application rate of 0.5-1 kg/mu for 17:00-18: 00;
applying the EM bacterial liquid every 7 days in 7-8 months at an application rate of 1-1.5 kg/mu;
and putting quicklime every 15 days in 6-9 months, wherein the putting amount is 8-12 kg/mu each time, and the transparency of the pond water body is kept to be more than or equal to 30 cm.
2. The method for cultivating river crabs with increased acre yield according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the ratio of the planting areas of hydrilla verticillata and eel grass is (2-4): 1.
3. the method for cultivating river crabs according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the artificial formula feed A in step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fish meal, 15-30 parts of bone meal, 15-30 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of peanut meal, 5-10 parts of fish oil, 3-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 3-5 parts of yeast powder, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 0.5-1.5 parts of compound vitamin and 0.5-1 part of compound mineral substance.
4. The method for cultivating river crabs according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the artificial formula feed B in step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fish meal, 15-30 parts of bone meal, 15-30 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of peanut meal, 5-10 parts of fish oil, 3-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 3-5 parts of yeast powder, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 0.5-1.5 parts of compound vitamin and 0.5-1 part of compound mineral substance.
5. The method for cultivating river crabs according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the artificial formula feed C in step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 20-30 parts of shrimp shell meal, 10-15 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of rice bran, 5-10 parts of fish oil, 5-8 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 1-2 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of compound additive, 1-2 parts of compound vitamin and 1.5-2 parts of compound mineral substance.
6. The method for cultivating river crabs according to claim 5, wherein the compound additive is prepared by the following steps: adding 1-2 parts of wall-broken bee pollen and 3-5 parts of blueberry pomace into 10-15 parts of water by weight, then inoculating lactobacillus according to the inoculation amount of 0.5-1%, fermenting at 40-42 ℃ for 12-18h, sterilizing, adding 1-2 parts of fish gelatin original hydrolysate, fully mixing uniformly, and freeze-drying to obtain the product.
7. The method for cultivating river crabs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the granular oxygen increasing agent in step S5 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of calcium peroxide, 20-30 parts of expanded rice hull powder, 5-10 parts of attapulgite and 3-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
8. The method for cultivating river crabs for improving per mu yield according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the particle oxygenation agent is as follows: weighing the raw materials according to the weight, uniformly mixing the calcium peroxide, the puffed rice hull powder, the attapulgite and the polyvinyl alcohol, and pressing into particles with the diameter of 10-15mm to obtain the calcium peroxide composite material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115474566A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-16 | 江苏蒲村甜又甜生态农业科技集团有限公司 | Method for breeding crabs by using compound vitamin feed |
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