CN112655473A - Efficient cultivation method for root-reserving regeneration of Yangxin lake artemisia - Google Patents
Efficient cultivation method for root-reserving regeneration of Yangxin lake artemisia Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for regeneration of roots of artemisia anomala. The beneficial effects of planting seedlings once, harvesting for many times and increasing both production and income of Yangxin lake wormwood are realized by circularly adopting the technical modes of 'cutting and harvesting in level land, root remaining and regenerating, bud promoting, seedling extracting and cutting and harvesting in level land again'. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: the harvesting times are increased; the yield is increased, and the benefit is improved; the operation is simple. The method is suitable for small-scale planting households of the artemisia anomala.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method for regeneration of roots of artemisia anomala, aims to provide an efficient cultivation technical mode for small-scale farmers of artemisia anomala, and belongs to the technical field of horticulture and vegetable cultivation.
Technical Field
Yangxin lake artemisia is a local fine variety of artemisia selengensis which is formed by artificially cultivating and domesticating wild artemisia selengensis growing in the river side, river edge, lakeside and other swamp areas in Yangxin county of Hubei province, and is listed as a national agricultural product geographical protection sign in agricultural rural area in 2018. The market period of Yangxin artemisia is generally from 10 months late to 3 months next, and in order to meet the continuous supply of the market, two cultivation modes are generally adopted: one is planting in the morning, at noon and evening, and meets the market supply in different periods. The cultivation mode is suitable for large-scale production households or professional cooperative societies with large planting scale, and for large-scale farmers with small dispersed planting scale, due to the fact that the planting scale is small, the simultaneous planting of multiple varieties in the morning, in the noon and in the evening can not be achieved, and the simultaneous planting of multiple varieties also increases the use cost of cultivated land; the other is the traditional regeneration mode, namely, after the first harvesting of the artemisia anomala, natural germination regeneration is carried out, although 2-3 times of continuous harvesting can be carried out, a mode of harvesting large tender stems and leaving small tender stems is adopted, the boundary limit between the previous harvesting and the next harvesting is not obvious, corresponding matched technical measures are lacked, the yield is low, the selling phase is poor, and the benefit is not high.
The invention provides a cultivation method for regeneration of roots of artemisia anomala, and provides an efficient cultivation technical mode for small-scale planters of artemisia anomala.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient cultivation method for regeneration and multiple harvesting of Yangxin lake wormwood roots, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art and achieving the purposes of saving cost, increasing production and income.
The cultivation method for the regeneration of the reserved roots of Yangxin lake wormwood realizes the beneficial effects of planting seedlings once, harvesting for multiple times and increasing both production and income of Yangxin lake wormwood by circularly adopting the technical modes of 'cutting and harvesting in level land, reserving roots for regeneration, promoting buds, lifting seedlings and cutting and harvesting in level land again'.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
provides a cultivation method for regeneration of roots of artemisia anomala, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and selecting and reserving seeds. Planting good varieties of Yangxin lake wormwood, and selecting field blocks with fertile soil and good growth vigor of wormwood seedlings from 3 to 4 months of each year for seed reservation.
S2: applying base fertilizer and preparing soil. Before cuttage and seedling planting in the late 7 th to the early 8 th months, applying base fertilizer to each mu, preparing soil, making wide flat furrows (for covering a shed in the later period), and installing drip irrigation belts (pipes) between the furrows.
S3: and (5) cutting and planting seedlings. Cutting and planting seedlings in the middle and late ten days of 8 months, selecting strong-growing disease-free artemisia anomala seeds which are seeded and have immature seeds from a seed field, removing leaves on stems, shearing the stems into 15-20cm long stem sections by using sharp garden pruning shears to prepare cuttings, and performing cutting; after cutting, a drip irrigation belt is used for watering once, and the land surface is preferably wet and does not leak water, and the water is drained in time if the land surface is rainy.
S4: seedling lifting and root promoting. After 7-10 days of cuttage, applying top dressing for 1 time to extract seedlings, and applying top dressing for 1 time after half a month; and then, drip-applying root promoting fertilizer along with the drip irrigation tape.
S5: cutting the root in a flush manner. In the last and middle ten days of 11 months, a straw harvesting and crushing machine is used for harvesting and crushing Yangxin lake wormwood plants growing in the field in a flush manner and leaving roots.
S6: promoting bud and extracting seedling for the first time. Drip irrigation with the aqueous solution of NAA0.01-0.05mg/kg and 6-BA0.05-0.1mg/kg to promote the germination of plant rootstocks; and (3) applying a seedling raising fertilizer when 70-80% of the rootstocks sprout to form new buds with the length of 3-5 cm.
And S7, covering the shed. In the middle and late ten days of 11 months, when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ at night or before first frost, covering the greenhouse film, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in sunny days, and opening the greenhouse doors at two ends for ventilation when the temperature is high in noon. The greenhouse film is stabilized at a temperature of more than 15 ℃ all the time until the next night.
S8: harvesting the seeds in the same place for the first time. In the middle and late 12 months, when the vast majority of the Yangxin lake wormwood tender stems are 15-25cm long, the top heart leaves are not unfolded and the color is light green, the tender stems on the ridge surface are harvested close to the ridge surface at one time, and the plants on the ridge surface are cleaned up.
S9: and promoting the bud and extracting the seedling for the second time. Drip irrigation with aqueous solution of NAA0.01-0.05mg/kg +6-BA0.05-0.1mg/kg to promote rhizome germination; and applying a seedling-extracting fertilizer when 70-80% of the rootstocks sprout to form new buds with the length of 3-5 cm.
S10: and harvesting the seeds in the same place for the second time. After 20-25 days from the first harvesting, when the vast majority of the tender stems of the artemisia anomala is 15-25cm long, the heart leaves at the top end are not unfolded and the color is light green, harvesting the tender stems close to the ridge surface at one time;
……
repeating the steps S9 and S10, harvesting the tender stems of the artemisia anomala uniformly every 20-25 days, continuing to the middle and late ten days of 3 months, and continuously harvesting the tender stems for 5-6 times in one production period.
According to the scheme, S5 cuts the plants of the artemisia anomala in the same land and leaves roots close to the surface of the ridge, the plants of the artemisia anomala are harvested, crushed and uniformly distributed on the surface of the ridge, and the roots and stems of the plants are kept complete. According to the scheme, the application of the base fertilizer in S2 is that 1200-1500kg of chicken manure organic fertilizer and 80-100kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu.
According to the scheme, the width of the wide flat ridge in the S2 is 10 meters.
According to the scheme, the soil preparation in S2 is as follows: deeply ploughing the land mass for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator.
According to the scheme, the cuttage in the S3 is as follows: the cutting is obliquely inserted into the ridge (at an angle of 45-60 degrees from the ground), the insertion depth is 2/3 when the cutting is submerged into the ridge, and the planting density is 8-10cm for plant spacing and 10-12cm for row spacing.
According to the scheme, the topdressing and seedling-raising fertilizer in the S4 comprises the following steps: spreading 20-25 kg/mu of urea and 25-30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer; the drop application of the rooting fertilizer comprises the following steps: after being uniformly stirred by adding 10-15kg of water-soluble radix roduceae into 1500kg of water and 1200-.
According to the scheme, 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01-0.05mg/kg and 6-BA0.05-0.1mg/kg is used for drip irrigation per mu in S6 and S9.
According to the scheme, the additional seedling-lifting fertilizer applied in S6 and S9 is as follows: applying 25-35kg of urea and 40-50kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the efficient cultivation method for regeneration of the roots of artemisia anomala has the following advantages:
1. the number of harvesting times is increased. The adoption of the invention can realize that the Yanxinhu wormwood is harvested for 5-6 times in one production period, and the harvesting time is 2-3 times more than that of the prior art, thus the production efficiency is obviously improved.
2. Increase the yield and improve the benefit. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the Yanxinhuhao is harvested for 3 times on average, the yield per unit is increased by 1000.3 kg/mu, and the income per mu is increased by 8996.4 yuan.
3. The operation is simple. The method is suitable for common farmers to plant the Yangxin artemisia without adding other equipment, and the common farmers can quickly master the technical key after simple training.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the contents of the present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
Examples 1 to 3
In 2015-2017, the early-maturing variety of Artemisia anomala Haw is used as a test material, and in the last 3 months of each year, one fifth of the planting area is used for preparing a seed field. In the Yangxin lake artemisia main production area, an artemisia field which is continuously planted for 3 years is selected as a test field, the test field area is 10 mu, and the area is 10 mu compared with the traditional planting mode. In late 7 months, 1200kg of chicken manure organic fertilizer and 80kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu as base fertilizer, and a rotary cultivator is used for deep ploughing for 2 times to form a flat furrow with the width of 10 meters; in 8 middle ten days of the month, selecting robust and disease and insect-free artemisia selengensis seed plants, removing leaves on stems, cutting the stems into cuttings with the length of about 15cm, obliquely inserting the cuttings into the furrows, and enabling the row spacing of the plants to be 8cm multiplied by 10 cm; immediately watering once by using a drip irrigation belt after cuttage; after 7 days of cuttage, applying topdressing for 1 time to extract seedlings, and applying topdressing for 1 time after half a month, wherein 20 kg/mu of urea and 25 kg/mu of compound fertilizer are applied each time; adding 10kg of radix stephaniae tetrandrae into 1500kg of water for each mu, and applying dropwise to promote the roots; in the last ten days of 11 months, harvesting and crushing Yangxin lake wormwood plants in an aligned manner, keeping the rhizome parts intact, carrying out drip irrigation on 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg, and applying 25kg of urine per mu and 40kg of compound fertilizer for seedling lifting when 70% of new buds emitted from the rhizome parts of the plants are about 3cm long; covering a shed film in the last ten days of 11 months; in 12-month middle ten days, harvesting tender stems of the artemisia anomala in the same land (first harvesting), cleaning the ridge surface, carrying out drip irrigation by using 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg, and applying 20kg of urea and 25kg of compound fertilizer to each mu when the length of new buds emitted from 70% of plant rootstocks is about 3 cm; harvesting tender stem wormwood in the same land in 1 month of the next year (harvesting for the second time), cleaning the furrow surface, carrying out drip irrigation by using 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg, and applying 20kg of urea and 25kg of compound fertilizer to each mu when new buds of 70% of rhizome stems grow to be about 3 cm; harvesting tender stems in the same land in the late 1 month of the next year (harvesting for the third time), cleaning the furrow surface, carrying out drip irrigation by using 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg, and applying 20kg of urea and 25kg of compound fertilizer to each mu for seedling lifting when new buds emitted from 70% of rhizome stems grow to be about 3 cm; harvesting tender stems in the middle ten days of the next month 2 in an aligned mode (harvesting for the fourth time), harvesting plants on the ridge surface at one time, carrying out drip irrigation by using 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg, and applying 20kg of urea and 25kg of compound fertilizer to each mu to extract seedlings when 70% of new buds emitted from rhizome parts are about 3 cm; harvesting young stems in the same ground in the first 3 months of the next year (harvesting for the fifth time), cleaning the ridge surface, carrying out drip irrigation by using 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg, and applying 20kg of urea and 25kg of compound fertilizer to each mu for seedling lifting when 70% of new buds from the stems of male roots grow to about 3 cm; harvesting tender stem wormwood in the same place in 3 months and late in the next year (harvesting for the sixth time). The beneficial effects of examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 early-maturing variety of Yangxin lake Artemisia selengensis by the present invention
Examples 4 to 6
In 2015-2017, the medium-maturing variety of Yangxin lake wormwood green stems is used as a test material, and a seed field is prepared according to one fifth of the planting area in the last 3 months every year. In the Yangxin lake artemisia main production area, an artemisia field which is continuously planted for 3 years is selected as a test field, the test field area is 10 mu, and the area is 10 mu compared with the traditional planting mode. In the last ten days of 8 months, applying 1500kg of chicken manure organic fertilizer and 100kg of compound fertilizer to each mu as base fertilizer, deeply ploughing by a rotary cultivator for 2 times, and making flat beds with the width of 10 meters; selecting strong and disease and pest-free Artemisia anomala plants in late 8 months, removing leaves on stems, cutting the stems into cuttings with the length of about 20cm, and obliquely inserting the cuttings into the ridges, wherein the row spacing is 10cm multiplied by 12 cm; watering with a drip irrigation tape immediately after cuttage; after 10 days of cuttage, applying topdressing for 1 time to extract seedlings, and applying topdressing for 1 time after half a month, wherein each time of spraying urea for 25 kg/mu and compound fertilizer for 30 kg/mu; drip irrigation for promoting roots by adding water 100kg into 15kg of Duodao for each mu; in 11 middle-of-month ten days, harvesting and crushing the artemisia anomala plants in an aligned manner, keeping the rhizome parts intact, dripping 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg, and applying 35kg of urea and 50kg of compound fertilizer to each mu when more than 80% of buds of the roots grow to 5 cm; covering a shed film in the middle ten days of the month 11; in late 12 months, harvesting tender stems of artemisia anomala in the Yangxin lake (harvested for the first time), cleaning the furrow surface, carrying out drip irrigation on 1500kg of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg aqueous solution to promote buds, and applying 25kg of urea and 30kg of compound fertilizer to extract seedlings per mu when 80% of new buds emitted from rhizome parts are about 5cm long; harvesting tender stems in the same ground in the middle ten days of the next month 1 (harvesting for the second time), cleaning the furrow surface, carrying out drip irrigation on the tender stems by using 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg to promote buds, and applying 25kg of urea and 30kg of compound fertilizer to the seedlings per mu when 80% of new buds emitted from rhizome parts grow to about 5 cm; harvesting tender stems in the same land in the last ten days of the next 2 months (harvesting for the third time), cleaning the furrow surface, carrying out drip irrigation by using 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg, and applying 25kg of urea and 30kg of compound fertilizer to each mu for seedling lifting when 80% of new buds emitted from roots grow to about 5 cm; harvesting tender stems in the same ground in the late 2 months of the next year (harvesting for the fourth time), cleaning the furrow surface, carrying out drip irrigation on the tender stems by using 1500kg of aqueous solution of NAA0.01mg/kg +6-BA0.05mg/kg to promote buds, and applying 25kg of urea and 30kg of compound fertilizer to the seedlings per mu when 80% of new buds emitted from rhizome parts grow about 5 cm; and harvesting the tender stems in the middle 3 months of the next year in a flush manner (the fifth harvest). The beneficial effects of examples 4-6 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 middle-aged species of Yangxin lake Artemisia apiacea by the present invention
Examples 1-6 (see table 3) show that the cultivation of artemisia anomala by the method has the beneficial effects of increasing the yield of tender stems of artemisia anomala by 3 times, improving the yield per unit of 1000.3 kg/mu and increasing the income per mu by 8996.4 yuan.
Table 3 examples 1-6 average benefits with the present invention
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method for regeneration of roots of Yangxin lake wormwood is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: seed selection and seed reservation: planting fine varieties of Yangxin lake wormwood, and selecting field blocks with fertile soil and good growth vigor of wormwood seedlings for seed reservation from 3 late to 4 early months of each year;
s2: base fertilizer application and soil preparation: before cuttage and seedling planting in the late 7 th to the early 8 th months, applying base fertilizer to each mu, preparing soil, making wide flat furrows (for covering a shed in the later period), and installing drip irrigation belts (pipes) between the furrows;
s3: cutting and planting seedlings: cutting and planting seedlings in the middle and late ten days of 8 months, selecting strong-growing disease-free artemisia anomala seeds which are seeded and have immature seeds from a seed field, removing leaves on stems, shearing the stems into 15-20cm long stem sections by using sharp garden pruning shears to prepare cuttings, and performing cutting; after cuttage, watering once by using a drip irrigation belt, preferably wetting the surface of the furrow without water, and timely draining water if the furrow is rainy;
s4: seedling lifting and root promoting: after 7-10 days of cuttage, applying top dressing for 1 time to extract seedlings, and applying top dressing for 1 time after half a month; then, drip-applying root-promoting fertilizer along with the drip irrigation tape;
s5: cutting the root in a flush manner: in the last and middle ten days of 11 months, selecting sunny days, harvesting and crushing Yangxin artemisia plants growing in the field in a field by using a straw harvesting and crushing machine, and reserving roots;
s6: promoting buds and lifting seedlings for the first time: drip irrigation with the aqueous solution of NAA0.01-0.05mg/kg and 6-BA0.05-0.1mg/kg to promote the germination of plant rootstocks; applying a seedling-extracting fertilizer when 70-80% of the rootstock shoots grow to 3-5cm long;
s7, covering a shed: in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ at night or before first frost, covering a greenhouse film, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃ in sunny days, opening greenhouse doors at two ends when the temperature is high in noon for ventilation, and stabilizing the temperature of the greenhouse film to be more than 15 ℃ all the time until the night of the next year;
s8: harvesting in a flush manner for the first time: in the middle and late 12 months, when the vast majority of the Yangxin lake wormwood tender stems are 15-25cm long, the top heart leaves are not unfolded and the color is light green, harvesting the tender stems close to the ridge surface at one time, and cleaning the plants on the ridge surface;
s9: and (3) promoting bud and seedling extraction for the second time: drip irrigation with aqueous solution of NAA0.01-0.05mg/kg +6-BA0.05-0.1mg/kg to promote rhizome germination; applying a seedling-extracting fertilizer when 70-80% of the rootstock shoots grow to 3-5cm long;
s10: and (3) cutting and harvesting in the same place for the second time: after 20-25 days from the first harvesting, when the vast majority of the tender stems of the artemisia anomala is 15-25cm long, the heart leaves at the top end are not unfolded and the color is light green, harvesting the tender stems close to the ridge surface at one time;
……
repeating the steps S9 and S10, harvesting the tender stems of the artemisia anomala uniformly every 20-25 days, continuing to the middle and late ten days of 3 months, and continuously harvesting the tender stems for 5-6 times in one production period.
2. The cultivation method for the regeneration of the roots of artemisia anomala as claimed in claim 1, wherein: s5 cutting the roots in the same place, namely cutting and crushing the artemisia anomala plants close to the surface of the ridge, uniformly distributing the harvested and crushed artemisia anomala plants on the surface of the ridge, and keeping the roots and stems of the plants complete.
3. The cultivation method for the regeneration of the roots of artemisia anomala as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the topdressing and seedling-raising fertilizer in the S4 comprises the following steps: spreading 20-25 kg/mu of urea and 25-30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer; the drop application of the rooting fertilizer comprises the following steps: after being uniformly stirred by adding 10-15kg of water-soluble radix roduceae into 1500kg of water and 1200-.
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