CN112649846A - Wave impedance spectrum inversion method and system - Google Patents
Wave impedance spectrum inversion method and system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
The invention provides a wave impedance spectrum inversion method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a well curve, and carrying out well wave impedance processing to obtain a log spectrum of the amplitude of a well wave impedance frequency domain; acquiring a seismic record and accordingly obtaining a log spectrum of amplitude of a seismic record frequency domain; acquiring an operator according to the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain and the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain; the seismic records are combined with operators to form the relative wave impedance. The system comprises: the first processing unit is used for acquiring a well curve and carrying out well wave impedance processing to obtain a log spectrum of the amplitude of a well wave impedance frequency domain; the second processing unit is used for acquiring the seismic record and obtaining the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum according to the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum; the operator obtaining unit is used for obtaining an operator according to the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain and the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain; and the wave impedance forming unit combines the seismic records with the operators to form the relative wave impedance. The invention can obtain more accurate wave impedance inversion results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seismic signal processing, and particularly relates to a wave impedance spectrum inversion method and system.
Background
Seismic interpretation usually requires qualitative or even quantitative acquisition of elastic and physical information of subsurface formations in order to achieve more detailed reservoir delineation. Conventional inversion is a more versatile sparse pulse inversion in less well work areas. Sparse pulse inversion depends on wavelet extraction, and the wavelet needs to be time-space variant to achieve optimization of a whole region, so that the problems of precise wavelet extraction and wavelet time-space variant are not completely solved at present. The general method is to obtain a comprehensive wavelet of a whole region through multi-well analysis, but the comprehensive wavelet affects the accuracy of reservoir prediction and the resolution of inversion. Seismic data which a seismic interpreter usually wants to obtain are not limited to high-resolution seismic sections, and corresponding intuitive and accurate wave impedance data volumes can be used as stratum attributes for quantitative seismic interpretation.
How to obtain wave impedance information from received seismic data has also been continuously studied to overcome various problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
To overcome the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides an alternative method of wave impedance spectroscopy inversion comprising:
s1, obtaining a well curve, and carrying out well wave impedance processing to obtain a log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain;
s2, acquiring the seismic record and accordingly obtaining the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain;
s3, acquiring an operator according to the log spectrum of the well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude and the log spectrum of the seismic record frequency domain amplitude;
and S4, combining the seismic records with an operator to form relative wave impedance.
Optionally, the step S1 includes: the method comprises the steps of firstly transforming a well curve into a frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum, then taking logarithm of the well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, then calculating an average value curve of each frequency of the well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, and fitting the average value curve to obtain a well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude log spectrum.
Optionally, the step S2 includes: firstly, transforming the seismic trace curve to a frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a frequency domain amplitude spectrum, then taking logarithm of the frequency domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum, calculating an average value curve of each frequency of the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum, and smoothing the average value curve to obtain the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum.
Optionally, the step S3 includes: firstly, carrying out band-pass filtering on the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain, then calculating the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain of an operator by combining the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain, obtaining the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain of the operator by exponentiating the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain, then transforming the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain to the time domain by inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time domain operator, and truncating the time domain operator to obtain the operator.
Optionally, the step S4 includes: and (4) performing convolution on the operator and the seismic record to obtain relative wave impedance, and then loading the low-frequency component of the wave impedance to obtain absolute wave impedance.
The invention provides a wave impedance spectrum inversion system, comprising:
the first processing unit is used for acquiring a well curve and carrying out well wave impedance processing to obtain a log spectrum of the amplitude of a well wave impedance frequency domain;
the second processing unit is used for acquiring the seismic record and obtaining the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum according to the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum;
the operator obtaining unit is used for obtaining an operator according to the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain and the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain;
and the wave impedance forming unit combines the seismic records with an operator to form relative wave impedance.
Optionally, the first processing unit is specifically configured to: the method comprises the steps of firstly transforming a well curve into a frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum, then taking logarithm of the well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, then calculating an average value curve of each frequency of the well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, and fitting the average value curve to obtain a well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude log spectrum.
Optionally, the operator obtaining unit is specifically configured to: firstly, carrying out band-pass filtering on the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain, then calculating the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain of an operator by combining the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain, obtaining the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain of the operator by exponentiating the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain, then transforming the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain to the time domain by inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time domain operator, and truncating the time domain operator to obtain the operator.
Optionally, the wave impedance forming unit is specifically configured to: and (4) performing convolution on the operator and the seismic record to obtain relative wave impedance, and then loading the low-frequency component of the wave impedance to obtain absolute wave impedance.
The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program executable by a computer, the at least one program, when executed by the computer, causing the computer to perform the steps of a method provided by any of the embodiments of the present invention.
The wave impedance spectrum inversion method and the wave impedance spectrum inversion system can obtain more accurate wave impedance inversion results.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of wave impedance spectroscopy inversion according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave impedance spectroscopy inversion system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a schematic of a spectrum before processing;
FIG. 3B is a schematic of the processed spectrum;
FIG. 3C is a wave impedance low frequency model section (10-15 Hz);
FIG. 3D is an absolute wave impedance inversion result obtained using an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3E is the absolute wave impedance inversion result after smoothing;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the wave impedance spectrum inversion algorithm is an inversion algorithm with a small degree of dependence on wells. The inversion is actually completed by matching the frequency spectrum of the earthquake with the frequency spectrum of the wave impedance of the well, so the inversion method has no obvious wavelet extraction process, does not need an initial model, has higher longitudinal resolution than sparse pulse, and is particularly suitable for lithologic trap prediction of reservoir heterogeneity with strong lithologic trap due to objectivity and conciseness.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for inverting a wave impedance spectrum, comprising the steps of:
s10, obtaining a well curve, and carrying out well wave impedance processing to obtain a log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain;
in the specific implementation, a well curve is transformed to a frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum, logarithm is taken on the well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, then the average value of all frequencies of the well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum is calculated, and finally the smooth well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude log spectrum is obtained through curve fitting.
S20, acquiring the seismic record and accordingly obtaining the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain;
the seismic record is composed of seismic traces, and the seismic traces are drawn by a curve to obtain a seismic trace curve. In the specific implementation, the seismic trace curve is firstly transformed to the frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a frequency domain amplitude spectrum, then the frequency domain amplitude spectrum is logarithmized to obtain a seismic record frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, an average value curve of each frequency of the seismic record frequency domain amplitude log spectrum is calculated, and the smooth seismic record frequency domain amplitude log spectrum is obtained after the average value curve is smoothed.
S30, acquiring an operator according to the log spectrum of the well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude and the log spectrum of the seismic record frequency domain amplitude;
in the specific implementation, firstly, the well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum is subjected to band-pass filtering, then the frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum of an operator is calculated by combining the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum, the frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum is subjected to exponentiation to obtain an operator frequency domain amplitude spectrum, the operator frequency domain amplitude spectrum is converted into a time domain through inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time domain operator, and the time domain operator is truncated to obtain the operator.
And S40, combining the seismic records with an operator to form relative wave impedance.
In specific implementation, the operator and the seismic record are convoluted to obtain relative wave impedance, and then the low-frequency component of the wave impedance is loaded to obtain absolute wave impedance.
In step S10, M well curves p are setm(t), m is 1,2L M, and at this time, the well wave impedance processing specifically includes the following steps:
s11 transforming p by Fourier transformm(t), m is 1,2L M converts to the frequency domain and gets the well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum Pm(ω),m＝1,2L M；
S12, taking the logarithm of base 10 for the frequency amplitude spectrum of each curve, adding a small positive value to each frequency of each curve in order to prevent the situation that the amplitude value is 0 possibly occurring at some frequencies, in the invention, adding the maximum value of the amplitude spectrum of each curve and multiplying by a coefficient, generally taking 10 as the maximum value-6Thus, the frequency domain amplitude log spectrum of each curve is obtained:
s13, calculating the average value of the frequency domain amplitude log spectrum of each curve to obtain an average value curve
S14 curve vs. mean value
By means of curves
Fitting: horizontal sittingThe number of base 10 logarithms denoted by ω, ordinate
Synthetic curve log10(a0)+a1log10(ω) to obtain the coefficient a0,a1To obtain
Is the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain
In step S20, N seismic records S are setn(t), n is 1,2LN, in this case, step S20 specifically includes:
s21 transforming S by Fourier transformn(t), n is 1,2LN converted to frequency domain to get frequency domain amplitude spectrum Sn(ω)；
S22, taking the logarithm of base 10 for the frequency amplitude spectrum of each curve, adding a small positive value to each frequency of each curve in order to prevent the situation that the amplitude value is 0 possibly occurring at some frequencies, in the invention, adding the maximum value of the amplitude spectrum of each curve and multiplying by a coefficient, generally taking 10 as the maximum value-6Thus, the frequency domain amplitude log spectrum R of each curve is obtainedn(ω)；
S23, for each curve Rn(omega) smoothing for five points and three times, and filtering burrs;
s24, calculating an average value curve of the amplitude log spectrum of each frequency point of each curve;
s25, smoothing the average value curve to obtain the amplitude log spectrum of the seismic recording frequency domain
In practice, the same method as that of step S14 can be used for the curve
And smoothing is carried out.
Step S30 specifically includes:
s31 log spectrum of amplitude of well wave impedance frequency domain
Performing band-pass filtering to obtain
S32 frequency domain amplitude log spectrum combining with seismic recording
Obtaining the frequency domain amplitude log spectrum of an operator
S33, exponentiating the logarithmic spectrum O (omega) of the frequency domain amplitude to obtain an operator frequency domain amplitude spectrum W (omega);
s34, performing inverse Fourier transform on the operator frequency domain amplitude spectrum W (omega) to a time domain to obtain a time domain operator W (t);
note that the operator is rotated by-90 deg. phase before the time domain transform is reached.
S35, truncating the wavelet according to energy, removing points with small energy at two ends, and obtaining an operator
Step S40 specifically includes:
s41, operator
Convolution with the seismic trace s (t) to obtain the relative wave impedance p (t) of the trace;
and S42, overlapping the low-frequency model data input from the outside to obtain absolute wave impedance data.
The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program executable by a computer, the at least one program, when executed by the computer, causing the computer to perform the steps of the method provided by any of the above embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a wave impedance spectrum inversion system, which includes a first processing unit 50, a second processing unit 60, an operator obtaining unit 70, and a wave impedance forming unit 80. Wherein:
the first processing unit 50 is used for acquiring a well curve and performing well wave impedance processing to obtain a log spectrum of amplitude of a well wave impedance frequency domain; in the specific implementation, a well curve is transformed to a frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum, logarithm is taken on the well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, then the average value of all frequencies of the well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum is calculated, and finally the smooth well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude log spectrum is obtained through curve fitting.
The second processing unit 60 is configured to obtain a seismic record and obtain a log amplitude spectrum of the seismic record in a frequency domain according to the seismic record; the seismic record is composed of seismic traces, and the seismic traces are drawn by a curve to obtain a seismic trace curve. In the specific implementation, the seismic trace curve is firstly transformed to the frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a frequency domain amplitude spectrum, then the frequency domain amplitude spectrum is logarithmized to obtain a seismic record frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, an average value curve of each frequency of the seismic record frequency domain amplitude log spectrum is calculated, and the smooth seismic record frequency domain amplitude log spectrum is obtained after the average value curve is smoothed.
The operator obtaining unit 70 is connected with the first processing unit 50 and the second processing unit 70, and is used for obtaining an operator according to the log amplitude spectrum of the well wave impedance frequency domain and the log amplitude spectrum of the seismic record frequency domain; in the specific implementation, firstly, the well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum is subjected to band-pass filtering, then the frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum of an operator is calculated by combining the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum, the frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum is subjected to exponentiation to obtain an operator frequency domain amplitude spectrum, the operator frequency domain amplitude spectrum is converted into a time domain through inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time domain operator, and the time domain operator is truncated to obtain the operator.
The wave impedance forming unit 80 is connected to the operator acquisition unit 70 for combining the seismic records with operators to form a relative wave impedance. In specific implementation, the operator and the seismic record are convoluted to obtain relative wave impedance, and then the low-frequency component of the wave impedance is loaded to obtain absolute wave impedance.
In order to further verify the invention, the data of a two-dimensional 480 measuring line in the Mount ephedra region and a D24 well passing through the measuring line are utilized to test the algorithm of spectrum inversion and wave impedance spectrum inversion, wherein the inversion is to reversely deduce a model of an underground structure through data collected in the field, and is opposite to the forward modeling. The wave impedance inversion actually eliminates the influence of sub-waves from the seismic profile, leaves a reflection coefficient, calculates the physical parameter wave impedance capable of reflecting the formation physical property change according to the reflection coefficient, and is used for reservoir prediction by analyzing the formation physical property change. The results of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 3A to 3E. The results show that the dominant frequency of the frequency spectrum relative to the wave impedance is reduced, the high frequency is increased, and the frequency band is broadened.
By comparing the profile image inverted by the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention with the field well data, the inverted underground structure is basically consistent with the exploration data of the field well (the horizon and the fault can be seen), and therefore, the wave impedance spectrum inversion method and the system provided by the invention can obtain a more accurate wave impedance inversion result.
The above-described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be easily made based on the application and principle of the present invention disclosed in the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the method described in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, so that the above-described embodiment is only preferred, and not restrictive.
Claims (10)
1. A method of inverting a wave impedance spectrum, comprising:
s1, obtaining a well curve, and carrying out well wave impedance processing to obtain a log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain;
s2, acquiring the seismic record and accordingly obtaining the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain;
s3, acquiring an operator according to the log spectrum of the well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude and the log spectrum of the seismic record frequency domain amplitude;
and S4, combining the seismic records with an operator to form relative wave impedance.
2. The method for inverting the wave impedance spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes: the method comprises the steps of firstly transforming a well curve into a frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum, then taking logarithm of the well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, then calculating an average value curve of each frequency of the well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, and fitting the average value curve to obtain a well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude log spectrum.
3. The method for inverting the wave impedance spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes: firstly, transforming the seismic trace curve to a frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a frequency domain amplitude spectrum, then taking logarithm of the frequency domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum, calculating an average value curve of each frequency of the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum, and smoothing the average value curve to obtain the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum.
4. The method for inverting the wave impedance spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 includes: firstly, carrying out band-pass filtering on the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain, then calculating the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain of an operator by combining the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain, obtaining the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain of the operator by exponentiating the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain, then transforming the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain to the time domain by inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time domain operator, and truncating the time domain operator to obtain the operator.
5. The method for inverting the wave impedance spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 includes: and (4) performing convolution on the operator and the seismic record to obtain relative wave impedance, and then loading the low-frequency component of the wave impedance to obtain absolute wave impedance.
6. A wave impedance spectroscopy inversion system, comprising:
the first processing unit is used for acquiring a well curve and carrying out well wave impedance processing to obtain a log spectrum of the amplitude of a well wave impedance frequency domain;
the second processing unit is used for acquiring the seismic record and obtaining the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum according to the seismic record frequency domain amplitude logarithmic spectrum;
the operator obtaining unit is used for obtaining an operator according to the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain and the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain;
and the wave impedance forming unit combines the seismic records with an operator to form relative wave impedance.
7. The wave impedance spectroscopy inversion system of claim 6, wherein the first processing unit is specifically configured to: the method comprises the steps of firstly transforming a well curve into a frequency domain through Fourier transform to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum, then taking logarithm of the well curve frequency domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, then calculating an average value curve of each frequency of the well curve frequency domain amplitude log spectrum, and fitting the average value curve to obtain a well wave impedance frequency domain amplitude log spectrum.
8. The wave impedance spectrum inversion system of claim 6, wherein the operator acquisition unit is specifically configured to: firstly, carrying out band-pass filtering on the log spectrum of the amplitude of the well wave impedance frequency domain, then calculating the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain of an operator by combining the log spectrum of the amplitude of the seismic record frequency domain, obtaining the amplitude spectrum of the frequency domain of the operator by exponentiating the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain, then transforming the log spectrum of the amplitude of the frequency domain to the time domain by inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time domain operator, and truncating the time domain operator to obtain the operator.
9. The wave impedance spectrum inversion system of claim 6, wherein the wave impedance forming unit is specifically configured to: and (4) performing convolution on the operator and the seismic record to obtain relative wave impedance, and then loading the low-frequency component of the wave impedance to obtain absolute wave impedance.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program executable by a computer, the at least one program, when executed by the computer, causing the computer to perform the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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