CN112643141A

CN112643141A - Bridge cut-off aluminum product tooth punching device

Info

Publication number: CN112643141A
Application number: CN202011594423.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 毛磊磊; 李小欣; 王军; 罗亚阳
Original assignee: Foshan Sanshui Fenglu Aluminium Co Ltd; Guangdong Fenglu Aluminium Co Ltd
Current assignee: Foshan Sanshui Fenglu Aluminium Co Ltd; Guangdong Fenglu Aluminium Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-29
Filing date: 2020-12-29
Publication date: 2021-04-13

Abstract

A bridge-cut-off aluminum product tooth punching device comprises a workbench, an input mechanism, a main limiting mechanism, a tooth punching mechanism and an output mechanism, wherein the input mechanism, the main limiting mechanism, the tooth punching mechanism and the output mechanism are sequentially connected onto the workbench along a working procedure; the input mechanism comprises a rotating shaft, a vibration reduction outer sleeve and a vibration reduction external member, wherein the vibration reduction outer sleeve is sleeved outside the rotating shaft and is connected with the rotating shaft through the vibration reduction external member; the section bar tooth punching and bar penetrating device further comprises an auxiliary limiting mechanism arranged on the workbench, and the auxiliary limiting mechanism is arranged between the tooth punching mechanism and the output mechanism. The vibration that produces when this application will gullet through the damping design weakens, increases vice stop gear behind the gullet process simultaneously and improves whole bearing capacity to improve whole machining precision, guarantee follow-up strip process of wearing and go on in order, avoid appearing the precision not enough and lead to the card machine and lead to section bar and adhesive tape to the condition not last to appear, thereby effectively improve machining efficiency.

Description

Bridge cut-off aluminum product tooth punching device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of section bar processing, in particular to a bridge-cut aluminum product tooth punching device.

Background

Traditional bridge cut-off thermal-insulated aluminium alloy generally comprises A face and B face, as shown in figure 1, for current disconnect-type bridge cut-off thermal-insulated aluminium alloy, the thermal-insulated function of bridge cut-off thermal-insulated section bar is realized through embedding thermal-insulated adhesive tape between two aluminium alloy ex-trusions, in the processing production process, need open the tooth to the mounting groove on the aluminium alloy, penetrates the adhesive tape again. The existing tooth punching and threading machine is equipment designed for tooth punching and installation of an aluminum profile, teeth can be punched in a groove through the tooth punching and threading machine, the adhesive tape is threaded in the groove, friction force is increased, relative sliding is effectively prevented, and a heat insulation effect is improved.

The existing tooth punching and bar penetrating device has the function that the part of the existing tooth punching and bar penetrating device has the A surface and the B surface and simultaneously has tooth punching and bar penetrating functions, but vibration is generated in the cutting process due to the fact that cutting equipment is in hard contact with a section bar, and the section bar is only limited because the section bar continuously moves forwards instead of being fixed, so that the generated vibration can seriously influence the processing precision and influence the subsequent bar penetrating process.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, in order to solve the problem of low precision of the toothed bar penetrating of the section bar, the invention provides a bridge-cut aluminum material toothed device, which has the following specific technical scheme:

a bridge-cut-off aluminum product tooth punching device comprises a workbench, an input mechanism, a main limiting mechanism, a tooth punching mechanism and an output mechanism, wherein the input mechanism, the main limiting mechanism, the tooth punching mechanism and the output mechanism are sequentially connected onto the workbench along a working procedure; the input mechanism comprises a rotating shaft, a vibration reduction outer sleeve and a vibration reduction external member, wherein the vibration reduction outer sleeve is sleeved outside the rotating shaft and is connected with the rotating shaft through the vibration reduction external member; the section bar tooth punching and bar penetrating device further comprises an auxiliary limiting mechanism arranged on the workbench, and the auxiliary limiting mechanism is arranged between the tooth punching mechanism and the output mechanism.

The bridge cut-off aluminum product gulleting device weakens the vibration that produces when coming the gulleting through the damping design, increases vice stop gear behind the gulleting process simultaneously and improves whole bearing capacity to improve whole machining precision, guarantee that follow-up wearing strip process goes on in order, avoid appearing the precision not enough and lead to the card machine and lead to section bar and adhesive tape to the condition appearance not last, thereby effectively improve machining efficiency.

Furthermore, the main limiting mechanism comprises a first limiting unit and a second limiting unit, and the first limiting unit and the second limiting unit are oppositely arranged on two sides of the workbench in the working procedure direction.

Further, the tooth punching mechanism comprises a first tooth punching unit and a second tooth punching unit, and the first tooth punching unit and the second tooth punching unit are oppositely arranged on two sides of the workbench in the working procedure direction.

Further, the section bar tooth punching and strip penetrating device further comprises an adhesive tape clamping mechanism, and the adhesive tape clamping mechanism is connected to the workbench and located between the tooth punching mechanism and the output mechanism.

Further, the first limiting unit comprises a hollow limiting frame, at least two vertical limiting idler wheels and at least two horizontal limiting idler wheels, the vertical limiting idler wheels are respectively connected to the top and the bottom of the limiting frame through second connecting pieces, and the axis of each vertical limiting idler wheel is horizontally arranged; the horizontal limiting roller is connected to the bottom of the limiting frame through a first connecting piece, and the axis of the horizontal limiting roller is vertically arranged.

Furthermore, the horizontal limiting idler wheel is detachably connected with the first connecting piece, and the vertical limiting idler wheel is detachably connected with the second connecting piece.

Furthermore, the first connecting piece comprises a first mounting seat and an elastic piece arranged in the first mounting seat, and the horizontal limiting roller comprises a horizontal roller and a horizontal connecting seat.

Furthermore, the first tooth punching unit comprises a plurality of upper tooth punching tools which are positioned on the same vertical line and sequentially arranged from small to large along the process direction according to the sizes of the tools, and the upper tooth punching tools are connected to the same upper straight rod.

Furthermore, the hardness of the tooth punching cutters which are arranged from small to large is from large to small.

Furthermore, vice stop gear includes the countershaft, the cover that supports of cover locating outside the countershaft and set up in the countershaft and support a plurality of clean shot between the overcoat.

Drawings

The invention will be further understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge-cut aluminum product gear-punching device in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a profile of a bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a section bar and an adhesive tape of a bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first limiting unit of a bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device in one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a horizontal connecting seat and a first connecting member of a bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal connecting seat of a bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first connecting piece of a bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper tooth punching tool of a bridge-cut aluminum tooth punching device in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an input mechanism of a bridge-cut aluminum profile gulleting device in one of the embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a vibration damping outer sleeve and a vibration damping sleeve of a bridge-cut aluminum gear-cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary limiting mechanism of a bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device in one embodiment of the invention.

Description of reference numerals:

11. a work table; 12. a cross beam; 13. a support pillar; 21. an input mechanism; 211. a rotating shaft; 212. a vibration damping jacket; 213. a bearing seat; 214. a vibration damping support body; 215. a vibration damping member; 216. a damping spring; 217. a clamping portion; 22. an output mechanism; 31. a first limit unit; 311. a limiting frame; 312. a horizontal limiting roller; 3121. a horizontal roller; 3122. a first connecting seat; 3123. a first bump; 313. a vertical limiting roller; 314. a first connecting member; 3141. a first mounting seat; 3142. a first stopper portion; 3143. a first groove; 315. a second connecting member; 32. a second limit unit; 33. an auxiliary limiting mechanism; 331. a counter shaft; 332. a support jacket; 333. hollow spheres; 41. a first tooth punching unit; 411. a tooth punching cutter is arranged on the upper side; 412. a straight rod is arranged; 42. a second tooth punching unit; 5. an adhesive tape clamping mechanism; 6. an adhesive tape; 71. a surface section bar; 72. b surface section bar; 73. adhesive tape mounting groove.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments thereof. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The terms "first" and "second" used herein do not denote any particular order or quantity, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.

As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the bridge cut-off aluminum product gulleting device in an embodiment of the present invention includes a section gulleting piercing machine, the section gulleting piercing machine includes a workbench 11, an input mechanism 21, a main limiting mechanism, a gulleting mechanism, and an output mechanism 22, and the input mechanism 21, the main limiting mechanism, the gulleting mechanism, and the output mechanism 22 are sequentially connected to the workbench 11 along a process; input mechanism 21 includes pivot 211, damping overcoat 212, damping external member, damping overcoat 212 cover is located outside the pivot 211, damping overcoat 212 passes through the damping external member with the pivot 211 is connected, the section bar is ratched and is worn a device still including set up in vice stop gear on the workstation 11, vice stop gear 33 set up in the tooth mechanism with between the output mechanism 22.

Foretell bridge cut-off aluminum product gulleting device, the vibration that produces when coming the gulleting through the damping design weakens, increases vice stop gear behind the gulleting process simultaneously and improves whole bearing capacity to improve whole machining precision, guarantee that follow-up wearing strip process goes on in order, avoid appearing the precision not enough and lead to the card machine and lead to section bar and adhesive tape 6 to the condition not up appearing, thereby effectively improve machining efficiency.

Specifically, the process is a tooth punching and strip threading process, and comprises the steps of feeding a profile through the input mechanism 21, punching the profile through the tooth punching mechanism, and outputting the punched profile to a subsequent strip punching process through the output mechanism 22;

the section bar includes A face section bar 71 and with B face section bar 72 of A face section bar 71 looks adaptation, all pass through on A face section bar 71 and B face section bar 72 the adhesive tape mounting groove 73 has been seted up through the gulleting mechanism.

In one embodiment, a gantry frame is arranged on the workbench 11, the gantry frame comprises a beam 12 and a support column 13, the beam 12 is parallel to the workbench 11, and the support column 13 is connected between the workbench 11 and the beam 12; be provided with first slide rail in the longmen frame, be provided with the second slide rail on the workstation 11, first slide rail with the second slide rail extends along the process direction, main stop gear and tooth punching mechanism all connect in first slide rail with between the second slide rail, form a frame construction that has multidimension degree regulation and has upper and lower support through this design to reduce the vibration that produces in the course of working, avoid stress concentration.

In one embodiment, the input mechanism 21 further includes a bearing seat 213 rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 211, and the structures and connection relationships of the rotating shaft 211 and the bearing seat 213 are also commonly used means in the prior art, and are not described herein again. The bottom of the bearing seat 213 is further connected with a vibration damping support, the vibration damping support comprises a vibration damping support body 214 with a stroke cavity and a vibration damping member 215 arranged in the stroke cavity, and the bottom of the bearing seat 213 is fixedly connected with the vibration damping member 215. The input mechanism 21 is designed to adjust the weight bias of the rotating shaft 211 and buffer the generated vibration when inputting the a-surface profile 71 and the B-surface profile 72 with different weights and different shapes, and can also buffer the vibration transmitted when the tooth punching mechanism performs tooth punching on the a-surface profile 71 and the B-surface profile 72 with different weights and different shapes.

In one embodiment, the damping kit includes a damping spring 216 and a clamping portion 217, one end of the damping spring 216 is connected to the inner wall of the damping sleeve 212, the other end of the damping spring is connected to the clamping portion 217, and the clamping portion 217 is adapted to the rotating shaft 211 and is connected to the rotating shaft 211.

In one embodiment, the output mechanism 22 is identical in construction to the input mechanism 21.

In one embodiment, the section bar tooth punching and threading device further comprises a rubber strip clamping mechanism 5, wherein the rubber strip clamping mechanism 5 is connected to the workbench 11 and is positioned between the tooth punching mechanism and the output mechanism 22. Specifically, the adhesive tape clamping mechanism 5 is disposed between the a-side profile 71 and the B-side profile 72 so as to clamp the adhesive tape 6 while avoiding interference with the a-side profile 71 and the B-side profile 72.

The adhesive tape clamping mechanism 5 is a common means in the prior art, and is not described in detail herein.

In one embodiment, the main limiting mechanism includes a first limiting unit 31 and a second limiting unit 32, and the first limiting unit 31 and the second limiting unit 32 are oppositely disposed on two sides of the worktable 11 in the process direction. Specifically, the first limiting unit 31 is used for limiting the a-surface section 71, and the second limiting unit 32 is used for limiting the B-surface section 72.

In one embodiment, the second limiting unit 32 has the same structure as the first limiting unit 31.

In one embodiment, the first limiting unit 31 includes a hollow limiting frame 311, a limiting lower slide block, and a limiting upper slide block, the limiting lower slide block is connected to the bottom of the limiting frame 311, the limiting upper slide block is connected to the top of the limiting frame 311, the limiting frame 311 is slidably connected to the first slide rail through the limiting upper slide block, and the limiting frame 311 is slidably connected to the second slide rail through the limiting lower slide block. The position of the limiting frame 311 on the workbench 11 along the process direction can be adjusted through the design, so that the adjustable range is increased, and the profile with different processing parameters can be adapted.

In one embodiment, the first position limiting unit 31 further includes at least two vertical position limiting rollers 313 and at least two horizontal position limiting rollers 312, the vertical position limiting rollers 313 are respectively connected to the top and the bottom of the position limiting frame 311 through second connecting members 315, and the axis of the vertical position limiting rollers 313 is horizontally arranged; the horizontal limiting roller 312 is connected to the bottom of the limiting frame 311 through a first connecting piece 314, and the axis of the horizontal limiting roller 312 is vertically arranged.

In one embodiment, a station area for the passage of the section bar is formed between the two vertical limiting rollers 313 and the two horizontal limiting rollers 312; when the device is used, the roller surfaces of the limiting rollers are attached to the outer surface of the profile, so that the profile is not obstructed from moving, meanwhile, the vertical limiting rollers 313 and the input mechanism 21 limit the displacement of the profile in the vertical direction and play a role in supporting to ensure that the profile cannot incline, and the two horizontal limiting rollers 312 limit the displacement of the profile in the two sides of the process direction.

In one embodiment, in order to adapt to the profiles with different shapes, the horizontal limiting roller 312 is detachably connected with the first connecting piece 314, and the vertical limiting roller is detachably connected with the second connecting piece 315, so that the different rollers can be conveniently replaced to adapt to the profiles with different shapes.

In one embodiment, the first connecting member 314 includes a first mounting seat 3141, and an elastic member disposed in the first mounting seat 3141, the horizontal limiting roller 312 includes a horizontal roller 3121 and a horizontal connecting seat, and the vertical limiting roller 313 includes a vertical roller and a vertical connecting seat;

the bottom of the horizontal connecting seat is connected with two first convex blocks 3123 which are symmetrical according to the axis of the horizontal connecting seat, the top of the first mounting seat 3141 is provided with two stopping parts which are matched with the first convex blocks 3123, a first groove 3143 which is matched with the first convex blocks 3123 is formed on the part of the stopping parts which are positioned in the second mounting seat, and a clearance position which avoids interference with the horizontal connecting seat is formed between the two stopping parts;

a first counter bore matched with the elastic piece is arranged in the middle of the horizontal connecting seat; the first protruding blocks 3123 of the horizontal connection seats of the horizontal rollers 3121 of different specifications have the same structure and size, thereby effectively improving interchangeability.

When the horizontal limiting roller 312 is replaced, the horizontal connecting seat extends into the vacancy avoiding position, so that the first elastic piece extends into the first counter bore, and a supporting force for the horizontal connecting seat is formed; the horizontal connecting base is continuously pressed down until the top surface of the first protruding block 3123 is lower than the bottom surface of the stopping portion, the horizontal connecting base is rotated so that the first protruding block 3123 is matched with the first groove 3143, and then the horizontal connecting base makes the first protruding block 3123 and the first groove 3143 matched, attached and connected to form a clamping connection to complete the fixation due to the supporting force under the condition of no external force.

In one embodiment, permanent magnets are disposed on the first protrusion 3123 and the first groove 3143, so as to improve the connection strength.

In one embodiment, the second connecting member 315 has the same structure, function and operation principle as the first connecting member 314; the structure, function and working principle of the connection between the vertical connecting seat and the second connecting member 315 are the same as those of the connection between the horizontal connecting seat and the first connecting member 314, and are not described herein again.

In one embodiment, other structures of the horizontal limiting roller 312 and the vertical limiting roller 313 are the same as or can be obtained by the prior art, and are not described herein again.

Through the design, the whole applicability can be effectively improved, the production benefit is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

In one embodiment, the tooth punching mechanism includes a first tooth punching unit 41 and a second tooth punching unit 42, the first tooth punching unit 41 and the second tooth punching unit 42 are respectively disposed on both sides of the table 11 in the process direction, and the second tooth punching unit 42 has the same structure as the first tooth punching unit 41.

In one embodiment, the first tooth punching unit 41 includes an upper tooth punching tool and a lower tooth punching tool which are located on the same vertical line, the upper tooth punching tool includes a plurality of upper tooth punching tools 411 which are sequentially arranged from small to large according to the sizes of the tools in the process direction, each upper tooth punching tool 411 is connected to the same upper straight rod 412, and the upper straight rod 412 is connected to the first slide rail through an upper tooth punching slider;

the lower tooth punching tool comprises a plurality of lower tooth punching tools which are sequentially arranged from small to large according to the sizes of the tools along the process direction, the lower tooth punching tools are connected to the same lower straight rod, and the lower straight rod is connected to the second sliding rail through two tooth punching sliding blocks.

In one embodiment, each of the tooth cutters is horizontally disposed and aligned with the strip mounting groove 73 of the profile.

In one embodiment, the tooth punching tool is driven to rotate by a motor, and the working mode of the tooth punching tool is a common means in the prior art and is not described herein again.

The profile is subjected to tooth punching through a plurality of tooth punching cutters which are positioned on the same straight line and are arranged from small to large, so that the resistance in the tooth punching process can be effectively reduced, and the vibration is reduced.

In one embodiment, the hardness of the tooth punching cutters arranged from small to large is reduced from large to small, so that the durability of the tooth punching cutters can be improved, meanwhile, the subsequent tooth punching cutters can grind the rubber strip mounting groove 73 after tooth punching so as to reduce burrs, and the mounting smoothness of the rubber strip 6 is improved so as to improve the production efficiency;

in one embodiment, the auxiliary limiting mechanism 33 includes a horizontal auxiliary shaft 331, a supporting sleeve 332 sleeved outside the auxiliary shaft 331, and a plurality of hollow balls 333 disposed between the auxiliary shaft 331 and the supporting sleeve 332. Specifically, the hollow ball 333 is a thin-walled and easily-alloyed hollow ball, the vibration reduction effect is achieved through the deformation of the hollow ball 333, and meanwhile, the hollow ball 333 can move back and forth between the auxiliary shaft 331 and the support sleeve 332, so that the support force of the sectional material is guaranteed.

In one embodiment, the first limiting unit 31 and the second limiting unit 32 are arranged in a staggered manner.

In one embodiment, the first tooth punching unit 41 and the second tooth punching unit 42 are arranged in a staggered manner.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A bridge-cut-off aluminum product tooth punching device is characterized by comprising a workbench, an input mechanism, a main limiting mechanism, a tooth punching mechanism and an output mechanism, wherein the input mechanism, the main limiting mechanism, the tooth punching mechanism and the output mechanism are sequentially connected onto the workbench along a working procedure; the input mechanism comprises a rotating shaft, a vibration reduction outer sleeve and a vibration reduction external member, wherein the vibration reduction outer sleeve is sleeved outside the rotating shaft and is connected with the rotating shaft through the vibration reduction external member; the section bar tooth punching and bar penetrating device further comprises an auxiliary limiting mechanism arranged on the workbench, and the auxiliary limiting mechanism is arranged between the tooth punching mechanism and the output mechanism.

2. The bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device of claim 1, wherein the main limiting mechanism comprises a first limiting unit and a second limiting unit, and the first limiting unit and the second limiting unit are oppositely arranged on two sides of the workbench in the process direction.

3. The bridge-cut aluminum material gulleting device of claim 1, wherein the gulleting mechanism includes a first gulleting unit and a second gulleting unit, and the first gulleting unit and the second gulleting unit are respectively provided on both sides of the workbench in the process direction so as to be opposed to each other.

4. The bridge cut-off aluminum product gulleting device of claim 1, wherein the profile gulleting strip passing device further comprises a rubber strip clamping mechanism connected to the workbench and located between the gulleting mechanism and the output mechanism.

5. The bridge-cut aluminum product gulleting device of claim 2, wherein the first limiting unit comprises a hollow limiting frame, at least two vertical limiting rollers and at least two horizontal limiting rollers, the vertical limiting rollers are respectively connected to the top and the bottom of the limiting frame through second connecting pieces, and the axes of the vertical limiting rollers are horizontally arranged; the horizontal limiting roller is connected to the bottom of the limiting frame through a first connecting piece, and the axis of the horizontal limiting roller is vertically arranged.

6. The bridge cut-off aluminum product gulleting device of claim 5, wherein the horizontal limiting roller is detachably connected with the first connecting piece, and the vertical limiting roller is detachably connected with the second connecting piece.

7. The bridge cut-off aluminum product gulleting device of claim 6, wherein the first connecting piece comprises a first mounting seat and an elastic piece arranged in the first mounting seat, and the horizontal limiting roller comprises a horizontal roller and a horizontal connecting seat.

8. The bridge cut-off aluminum product gulleting device of claim 3, wherein the first gulleting unit comprises upper gulleting tools located on the same vertical line, each upper gulleting tool comprises a plurality of upper gulleting tools arranged in sequence from small to large according to the size of the corresponding upper gulleting tool in the process direction, and each upper gulleting tool is connected to the same upper straight rod.

9. The bridge-cut aluminum profile gulleting device of claim 8, wherein the hardness of the gulleting cutters arranged from small to large is from large to small.

10. The bridge cut-off aluminum material gulleting device of claim 2, wherein the auxiliary limiting mechanism comprises an auxiliary shaft, a supporting outer sleeve sleeved outside the auxiliary shaft, and a plurality of hollow balls arranged between the auxiliary shaft and the supporting outer sleeve.