CN112642590A - Hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method - Google Patents
Hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method Download PDFInfo
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- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrodynamic cavitation-enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method, which comprises the following specific steps: firstly, mixing cyanamide waste residue with dewatered water, and mixing slurry to obtain slurry; adding a collecting agent and a surfactant into the slurry; sending the slurry into a cavitation element at a certain flow rate by a pump, maintaining a certain cavitation pressure, and maintaining a certain system temperature in the cavitation process to obtain primary cavitation slurry; continuously introducing the once-cavitated slurry into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for a plurality of times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; and finally, collecting the slurry subjected to circulating cavitation, and uniformly stirring the slurry for flotation. The hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple flow, simple medicament system, convenience in operation, lower cost and better industrial application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste separation, and particularly relates to a hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method.
Background
The cyanamide waste residue is industrial waste residue generated in the production process of dicyandiamide, the cyanamide wet-based waste residue is black, the dry-based waste residue is grey white, has pungent smell, and comprises the main components of calcium carbonate and graphite carbon. According to statistics, every 1 ton of dicyandiamide is produced, 5 tons of cyanamide waste residues are produced. The yield of dicyandiamide in China accounts for more than 80% of the world, and the annual yield reaches 100 ten thousand tons, so that about 500 ten thousand tons of waste residues are generated every year. At present, the main treatment method of the cyanamide waste residue is accumulation burying, which causes serious environmental pollution problem and waste of resources. How to treat and utilize cyanamide waste residue is a problem which needs to be solved at present. The main components of the cyanamide waste residue are calcium carbonate and graphite carbon. Calcium carbonate in the cyanamide waste residue is porous, the graphitization degree of graphite carbon is high, and the calcium carbonate and the graphite carbon have higher application values respectively, so if an appropriate method is adopted to separate the calcium carbonate from the cyanamide waste residue, waste can be changed into valuable, and the effective treatment and application of the cyanamide waste residue are realized. Because the wettability of calcium carbonate and graphite carbon is obviously different, the calcium carbonate is hydrophilic and oleophobic, and the graphite carbon is oleophilic and hydrophobic, so that the calcium carbonate and the graphite carbon can be separated by adopting a flotation method. However, calcium carbonate and graphite carbon in the cyanamide waste residue are mutually wrapped and directly separated by flotation, so that the efficiency is very low, and an efficient separation method needs to be found.
The hydrodynamic cavitation phenomenon refers to the process of forming, growing and collapsing vapor or cavitation bubbles in liquid or on a liquid-solid interface when the local pressure in the liquid is reduced to the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the liquid temperature, and the cavitation bubbles collapse to form impact breakup and micro-jet. The hydrodynamic cavitation has the advantages of high flux and efficiency, low energy consumption, easy industrial production and the like. At present, the hydrodynamic cavitation is widely applied to the fields of chemical process, environmental pollution treatment, emulsion polymer synthesis and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a hydrodynamic cavitation-enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method, which is applied to destroy the mutual wrapping structure of calcium carbonate and graphite carbon in cyanamide waste residue by hydrodynamic cavitation, so as to realize effective flotation separation of dicyandiamide waste residue.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following process steps:
step S1: mixing cyanamide waste residue and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 2-5, and mixing the slurry for 1-20min to obtain slurry.
Step S2: adding a collecting agent into the cyanamide waste residue slurry obtained in the step 1, and mixing the slurry for 1-20min, wherein the using amount of the collecting agent is 30-70L/t; then adding a surfactant, and continuing to size mixing for 1-20min, wherein the dosage of the surfactant is 1-4L/t.
Step S3: pumping the cyanamide waste residue slurry obtained in the step 2 into a cavitation element by using a pump, wherein the flow rate is 500-1500L/h, the cavitation pressure is maintained at 0.5-20Mpa, and the system temperature is maintained at 10-40 ℃ in the cavitation process to obtain primary cavitation slurry;
step S4: and continuously introducing the once-cavitated slurry into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 1-20 times to obtain the slurry subjected to circulating cavitation.
Step S5: and uniformly stirring the circulated slurry, performing 1-15-level flotation in a flotation machine, and filtering and drying the concentrate and the tailings after the flotation is finished to obtain a concentrate product rich in graphite carbon and a tailing product rich in calcium carbonate.
Further, in step S1, the cyanamide waste residue is waste residue obtained in the process of producing dicyandiamide and cyanamide.
Further, in step S2, the collector is any one or a mixture of kerosene, diesel oil, natural gas condensed oil, FS-201 and FS-202.
Further, in step S2, the surfactant is any one or a mixture of isooctanol, sec-octanol, pinitol oil, CTAB, and SDS.
Further, in step S2, the "usage amount of the collector is 30 to 70L/t" means 30 to 70L per 1t of the used amount of the collector for the cyanamide waste residue; the dosage of the surfactant is 1-4L/t, which means that 1-4L of the surfactant is used per 1t of cyanamide waste residue.
Further, in step S3, the opening size of the cavitation element is 0.1-20 mm.
Further, in step S3, the cavitation element is any one of an orifice plate, a venturi tube, and a valve.
Further, in step S3, the perforated plate is disc-shaped, with a diameter of 100-600mm, a number of openings of 1-20, and an aperture of 0.1-20 mm.
Further, in step S3, the Venturi tube is a cylinder with two wide ends and a narrow middle part, the diameter of the narrowest part, namely the throat diameter is 1-200mm, and the tube length is 100-1000 mm.
Further, in step S3, the valve is a throttle valve with a drift diameter of 1-20mm and an inward opening of 0.1-10 mm.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the size mixing is as follows: the cyanamide waste residue slurry is stirred at the slurry mixing speed of 1800 plus material 2150 r/min.
In summary, the following beneficial effects of the invention are:
according to the hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method, the mutual wrapping structure of calcium carbonate and graphite carbon in cyanamide waste residue is destroyed through hydrodynamic cavitation, so that effective flotation separation of dicyandiamide waste residue is realized, the mutual wrapping structure of calcium carbonate and graphite carbon in cyanamide waste residue is destroyed through hydrodynamic cavitation, and the flotation effect is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the cyanamide waste residues is 2: 1, stirring and mixing the slurry for 1 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 30L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 1min, adding 1L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 1 min; 3) feeding the mixture into a pore plate with the aperture of 0.1mm and the opening number of 5 by a pump at the flow rate of 500L/h, wherein two ends of the pore plate are connected with a pipeline through flanges, and the initial cavitation is carried out under the conditions that the cavitation pressure is 0.5Mpa and the system temperature is 20 ℃; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 4 times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 1-level flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 47%, and the recovery rate can reach 48%.
Example 2
A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding water, wherein the mass ratio of the dewatered water to the cyanamide waste residues is 2: 1, stirring and mixing the slurry for 3 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 50L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 3min, adding 2.5L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 3 min; 3) feeding the mixture into a pore plate with the aperture of 5mm and the opening number of 10 by using a pump at the flow rate of 800L/h, wherein two ends of the pore plate are connected with a pipeline through flanges, and the initial cavitation is carried out under the conditions that the cavitation pressure is 3Mpa and the system temperature is 30 ℃; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 9 times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 3-level flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 53 percent, and the recovery rate can reach 55 percent.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, a hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the cyanamide waste residues is 2: 1, stirring and mixing the slurry for 8 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 70L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 8min, adding 4L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 8 min; 4) feeding the mixture into a pore plate with the aperture of 10mm and the opening number of 20 by a pump at the flow rate of 1500L/h, wherein two ends of the pore plate are connected with a pipeline through flanges, and the initial cavitation is carried out at the cavitation pressure of 6Mpa and the system temperature of 40 ℃; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 9 times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 5-stage flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 57%, and the recovery rate can reach 60%.
Example 4
A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the cyanamide waste residues is 3: 1, stirring and mixing slurry for 12 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 30L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 12min, adding 1L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 12 min; 2) sending into a venturi tube with a throat diameter of 0.5mm at a flow rate of 500L/h by using a pump, and maintaining the cavitation pressure of 9Mpa and the system temperature of 25 ℃ for primary cavitation; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 4 times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to the circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 7-stage flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 42%, and the recovery rate can reach 46%.
Example 5
A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the cyanamide waste residues is 3: 1, stirring and mixing slurry for 18 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 50L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 18min, adding 2.5L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 18 min; 3) sending into a Venturi tube with a throat diameter of 5mm at a flow rate of 800L/h by using a pump, and maintaining the cavitation pressure of 11Mpa and the system temperature of 30 ℃ for primary cavitation; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 2 times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to the circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 9-stage flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 44%, and the recovery rate can reach 47%.
Example 6
A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding dehydrated water, wherein the mass ratio of water to the cyanamide waste residues is 3: 1, stirring and mixing slurry for 5 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 70L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 5min, adding 4L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 5 min; 3) sending into a Venturi tube with a throat diameter of 20mm at a flow rate of 1500L/h by using a pump, and maintaining the cavitation pressure of 13Mpa and the system temperature of 20 ℃ for primary cavitation; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 1 time to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to the circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 10-level flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 40%, and the recovery rate can reach 43%.
Example 7
A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the cyanamide waste residues is 5: 1, stirring and mixing slurry for 10 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 70L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 10min, adding 4L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 10 min; 3) sending into a valve with opening size of 0.1mm at flow rate of 500l/h by using a pump, maintaining cavitation pressure of 16Mpa and system temperature of 25 ℃, and performing primary cavitation; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 4 times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to the circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 10-level flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 42%, and the recovery rate can reach 45%.
Example 8
A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the cyanamide waste residues is 5: 1, stirring and mixing slurry for 15 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 70L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 15min, adding 4L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 15 min; 3) sending the mixture into a valve with the opening size of 5mm by a pump at the flow rate of 800L/h, maintaining the cavitation pressure at 18Mpa and the system temperature at 25 ℃, and performing primary cavitation; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 9 times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to the circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 12-level flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 43 percent, and the recovery rate can reach 47 percent.
Example 9
A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) weighing a certain amount of cyanamide waste residues, putting the cyanamide waste residues into a stirring tank, and adding water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the cyanamide waste residues is 5: 1, stirring and mixing slurry for 20 min; 2) after size mixing, adding 70L/t of collecting agent diesel oil, stirring for 20min, adding 4L/t of surfactant isooctyl alcohol, and stirring for 20 min; 3) sending into a valve with opening size of 10mm at flow rate of 1500L/h by a pump, maintaining cavitation pressure of 20Mpa and system temperature of 25 deg.C, and performing primary cavitation; 4) continuously introducing the slurry subjected to cavitation into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 20 times to obtain slurry subjected to circulating cavitation; 5) and collecting the slurry subjected to circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring, and performing 15-stage flotation. After the flotation is finished, respectively drying and weighing the foam product, namely the concentrate, and the product in the cell, namely the tailings, sampling and testing the grade, and calculating the recovery rate, wherein the grade of graphite carbon in the flotation concentrate is 44%, and the recovery rate can reach 48%.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the cyanamide waste residue with water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-5, mixing, and adjusting the size for 1-20min to obtain size;
s2, adding a collecting agent into the slurry, wherein the using amount of the collecting agent is 30-70L/t, and continuing to size mixing for 1-20 min; adding a surfactant, wherein the dosage of the surfactant is 1-4L/t, and continuing to perform size mixing for 1-20 min;
s3, delivering the cyanamide waste residue slurry into a cavitation element at a flow rate of 500-1500L/h by using a pump, maintaining the cavitation pressure at 0.5-20Mpa and the system temperature at 10-40 ℃ in the cavitation process to obtain primary cavitation slurry;
s4, continuously introducing the once-cavitated slurry into a cavitation element, and repeating the cavitation operation for 1-20 times to obtain circularly cavitated slurry;
and S5, collecting the slurry subjected to the circulating cavitation, uniformly stirring the slurry, performing flotation, and filtering and drying the concentrate and the tailings after the flotation is finished to obtain a concentrate product rich in graphite carbon and a tailing product rich in calcium carbonate.
2. The hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1: the cyanamide waste residue is waste residue obtained in the process of producing dicyandiamide and cyanamide.
3. The hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2: the collecting agent is any one or a mixture of more of kerosene, diesel oil, natural gas condensed oil, FS-201 and FS-202.
4. The hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2: the surfactant is any one or a mixture of several of isooctanol, sec-octanol, pine oil, CTAB and SDS.
5. The hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3: the cavitation element is provided with an opening, and the size of the opening is set to be 0.1-20 mm.
6. The hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3: the cavitation element is any one of an orifice plate, a Venturi tube and a valve.
7. The hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the orifice plate is disc-shaped, the diameter is 100-600mm, the number of the orifices is 1-20, and the aperture is 0.1-20 mm; the throat diameter of the Venturi tube is 1-200mm, and the length of the Venturi tube is 100-1000 mm; the valve is a throttle valve, the drift diameter is 1-20mm, and the opening degree in the valve is 0.1-10 mm.
8. The hydrodynamic cavitation enhanced cyanamide waste residue flotation separation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5: the flotation adopts a flotation machine or a flotation column to carry out 1-15-grade flotation.
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| CN112642590B (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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