CN112639002A - 泡沫组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
泡沫组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112639002A CN112639002A CN201980057498.6A CN201980057498A CN112639002A CN 112639002 A CN112639002 A CN 112639002A CN 201980057498 A CN201980057498 A CN 201980057498A CN 112639002 A CN112639002 A CN 112639002A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- foam composition
- thermoplastic polymer
- thermoplastic
- layer
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010435 syenite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000346 polystyrene-polyisoprene block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- BJRMDQLATQGMCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=C.C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical class C=C.C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BJRMDQLATQGMCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NRJXUPLBIUZXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene;styrene Chemical compound C=C.CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 NRJXUPLBIUZXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 148
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 54
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 38
- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 description 38
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 37
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 37
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920002633 Kraton (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- OMIHGPLIXGGMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1,3,5-triene Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC2=C1 OMIHGPLIXGGMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical class CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920013645 Europrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical class COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000008049 diazo compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004790 ingeo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- HSVFKFNNMLUVEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl diazide Chemical class [N-]=[N+]=NS(=O)(=O)N=[N+]=[N-] HSVFKFNNMLUVEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YGNGABUJMXJPIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiatriazole Chemical class C1=NN=NS1 YGNGABUJMXJPIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASRMWYDEZPXXBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (sulfonylamino)urea Chemical class NC(=O)NN=S(=O)=O ASRMWYDEZPXXBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMAUULKNZLEMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 LMAUULKNZLEMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBMHUYBJIYNRLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(1-carboxy-1-hydroxyethyl)-hydroxyphosphoryl]-2-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)(C)P(O)(=O)C(C)(O)C(O)=O RBMHUYBJIYNRLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIOAPDWNQGXED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-n-(3-aminophenyl)benzamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(NC(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 OMIOAPDWNQGXED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDKYPBUWOIPGDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-n-(4-aminophenyl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 UDKYPBUWOIPGDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRGSJAOLKBZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCNC1=O MXRGSJAOLKBZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTNLEKFLKGGTKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N MTNLEKFLKGGTKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIKYZXDTTPVVAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminobenzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QIKYZXDTTPVVAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWKHQQCBFMYAJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-(3-aminophenyl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 HWKHQQCBFMYAJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICGLPKIVTVWCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NN)C=C1 ICGLPKIVTVWCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABQAWYPFZVJRGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenoxybenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 ABQAWYPFZVJRGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920004943 Delrin® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005177 Duracon® POM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYECOJGRJDOGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylurea Chemical compound CCNC(N)=O RYECOJGRJDOGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006382 Lustran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004727 Noryl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001207 Noryl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001007 Nylon 4 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003189 Nylon 4,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001233 Poly-4-hydroxybenzoate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001234 Polybisphenol-A terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920004738 ULTEM® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920004695 VICTREX™ PEEK Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006099 Vestamid® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N [(1s,3s,4s)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(=C)C)C[C@H]1C2(C)C IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRFNYSYURHAPFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylamino]urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NNC(N)=O)C=C1 VRFNYSYURHAPFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNENWOAJFJODNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[(3-aminobenzoyl)amino]phenyl] 3-aminobenzoate Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NC=2C=CC(OC(=O)C=3C=C(N)C=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 YNENWOAJFJODNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZVQCMJNVPIDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH2]CN(CC)CC Chemical group [CH2]CN(CC)CC MZVQCMJNVPIDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- IZALUMVGBVKPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 IZALUMVGBVKPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJRITMATACIYAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonohydrazide Chemical compound NNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VJRITMATACIYAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOJOEFVRHOZDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 AOJOEFVRHOZDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FRCGXWDENTYRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-aminophenyl) benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 FRCGXWDENTYRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005605 branched copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003484 crystal nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HGGNZMUHOHGHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxepane Chemical compound C1CCOOCC1 HGGNZMUHOHGHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005448 ethoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKIRSCKRJJUCNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 7-bromo-1h-indole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=C2NC(C(=O)OCC)=CC2=C1 FKIRSCKRJJUCNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940119545 isobornyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006113 non-polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZLFQUWNZMMHQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazin-1-ylmethanol Chemical compound OCN1CCNCC1 HZLFQUWNZMMHQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001434 poly(D-lactide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003251 poly(α-methylstyrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000379 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGQZLDXDWSPAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O UGQZLDXDWSPAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006126 semicrystalline polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- KEROTHRUZYBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KEROTHRUZYBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008127 vinyl sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
- B29C44/0492—Devices for feeding the different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
- B29C44/06—Making multilayered articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29D7/01—Films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/005—Producing membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
- B32B11/04—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B11/048—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B21/047—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/283—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysiloxanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/286—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysulphones; polysulfides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/327—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising polyolefins obtained by a metallocene or single-site catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
- C08J9/102—Azo-compounds
- C08J9/103—Azodicarbonamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/32—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof from compositions containing microballoons, e.g. syntactic foams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/346—Clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
- E04D5/06—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
- E04D5/10—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/28—Storing of extruded material, e.g. by winding up or stacking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2096/00—Use of specified macromolecular materials not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2001/00 - B29K2095/00, as moulding material
- B29K2096/04—Block polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
- B29K2105/045—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with open cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
- B29K2105/046—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with closed cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
- B29K2105/048—Expandable particles, beads or granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/0809—Fabrics
- B29K2105/0845—Woven fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2267/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof as reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2283/00—Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2301/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as reinforcement
- B29K2301/12—Thermoplastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/02—2 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/22—All layers being foamed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0207—Elastomeric fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/08—Animal fibres, e.g. hair, wool, silk
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
- B32B2264/1021—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
- B32B2264/1022—Titania
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
- B32B2264/1023—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
- B32B2264/1024—Zirconia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
- B32B2264/1027—Clay
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/104—Oxysalt, e.g. carbonate, sulfate, phosphate or nitrate particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/12—Mixture of at least two particles made of different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0292—Thermoplastic elastomer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/06—Open cell foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/08—Closed cell foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2274/00—Thermoplastic elastomer material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
- B32B2419/06—Roofs, roof membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/04—N2 releasing, ex azodicarbonamide or nitroso compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/05—Open cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are open
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2353/00—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2353/02—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了开孔泡沫组合物,该开孔泡沫组合物包含热塑性聚合物基质和至少一种填料。在泡沫组合物的一些实施方案中,填料包含霞石正长岩。描述了制备泡沫组合物的方法,该方法包括(a)获得包含第一热塑性聚合物的复合材料,该第一热塑性聚合物具有分布在其中的填料组分和发泡剂;(b)将复合材料与第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物共挤出以形成三层组合物,其中该三层组合物包括中间层,该中间层包含由泡沫组合物形成的开孔泡沫,并且中间层设置在分别由第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物形成的第一外层与第二外层之间;以及(c)将中间层与第一外层和第二外层中的每一者分离。第一热塑性聚合物不同于第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及包含热塑性聚合物材料的开孔泡沫组合物,以及形成该泡沫组合物的方法。
发明内容
在第一方面,提供了一种泡沫组合物。该泡沫组合物包含开孔泡沫热塑性基质材料;以及填料组分,基于热塑性基质材料的总重量,该填料组分以20重量百分比(重量%)或更大的量存在。泡沫组合物的平均泡孔纵横比为2.5或更小。
在第二方面,提供了另一种泡沫组合物。该泡沫组合物包含开孔泡沫热塑性基质材料和填料组分,基于热塑性基质材料的总重量,填料组分以20重量%或更大的量存在。该填料组分包含霞石正长岩。
在第三方面,提供了一种制备泡沫组合物的方法。该方法包括(a)获得包含第一热塑性聚合物的复合材料,该第一热塑性聚合物具有分布在其中的填料组分和发泡剂;(b)将复合材料与第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物共挤出以形成三层组合物;以及(c)将中间层与第一外层和第二外层中的每一者分离,从而形成泡沫组合物。该三层组合物包括设置在第一外层与第二外层之间的中间层。中间层包括由复合材料形成的开孔泡沫,第一外层由第二热塑性聚合物形成,并且第二外层由第三热塑性聚合物形成。第一热塑性聚合物不同于第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物中的每一者。
在第四方面,提供了一种通过根据第三方面的方法形成的泡沫组合物。
在第五方面,提供了一种聚合物膜。该聚合物膜包括第一热塑性弹性体层,该第一热塑性弹性体层包含根据第一方面的泡沫组合物。
在第六方面,提供了一种组件。该组件包括基底和根据第五方面的聚合物膜。
根据本公开的至少某些方面的泡沫组合物是含有大量无机填料的开孔泡沫,并且可使用挤出法制备。上述发明内容并非旨在描述本发明的每个实施方案或每种实施方式。各种实施方案的细节将在下面的描述中给出。根据本说明书和权利要求书,其它特征、目标和优点将显而易见。
附图说明
图1为制备泡沫组合物的示例性方法的流程图。
图2为比较例1的泡沫组合物的光学显微镜(LM)图像。
图3为比较例2的泡沫组合物的LM图像。
图4A为实施例1的多层泡沫组合物的LM图像。
图4B为实施例1的泡沫组合物在移除外层之后的LM图像。
图5为实施例1的多层泡沫组合物的扫描电镜(SEM)图像。
图6为实施例5的泡沫组合物在移除外层之后的SEM图像。
图7为实施例8的多层泡沫组合物的SEM图像。
图8为示例性聚合物膜的示意性剖视图。
图9为示例性组件的示意图。
在说明书和附图中重复使用的参考符号旨在表示本公开的相同或类似的特征结构或元件。应当理解,本领域的技术人员可以设计出许多落入本公开原理的范围内及符合本公开原理的实质的其它修改形式和实施方案。附图可不按比例绘制。
具体实施方式
术语“一个/种”、“该”、“所述”、“至少一个/种”和“一个或多个/一种或多种”可互换使用。
术语“和/或”意指一者或两者,诸如表达A和/或B是指单独的A、单独的B、或A与B两者。
术语“基本上”是指95%或更多。
术语“平均泡孔纵横比”是指25个或更多个泡孔的数均,其中泡沫横截面中每个泡孔的纵横比通过用相当于泡孔的椭圆长轴除以相当于泡孔的椭圆短轴来确定。
在本文所述的方法中,除了明确列举了时间或操作序列之外,可以任何顺序进行各种行为而不脱离本发明原理。此外,规定的行为可同时进行,除非明确的权利要求语言暗示它们单独地进行。例如,进行X的受权利要求保护的行为和进行Y的受权利要求保护的行为可在单一操作中同时进行,并且所得的过程将落入受权利要求保护的过程的字面范围内。
本公开的开孔泡沫结构已经由多层共挤出结合泡沫挤出和(例如外)表层的分层来制备。更特别地,已惊奇地发现,可通过将无机填料添加到包含发泡剂的热塑性聚合物基质层中,来获得开孔结构。不受理论的束缚,据信当由发泡剂产生的气泡膨胀形成多孔结构时,填料颗粒与聚合物基质之间的界面变成弱点,该弱点可破裂并在泡沫结构中的相邻气泡(例如,泡孔)之间形成互连通路。与其中泡孔或气泡彼此隔离的“闭孔”相比,这种类型的互连泡沫结构被称为“开孔”。相比之下,大多数挤出泡沫组合物表现出闭孔泡沫结构。本公开提供了一种制备开孔泡沫结构的方法,该方法使用挤出以形成具有能够移除(例如能够剥去或能够剥离)表皮的多层结构。某些应用的使用需要开孔结构。例如,需要开孔结构以实现水分芯吸或透气性。
在第一方面,提供了一种泡沫组合物。该泡沫组合物包含开孔泡沫热塑性基质材料和填料组分,基于热塑性基质材料的总重量,填料组分以20重量百分比(重量%)或更大的量存在。在任何平面平分的泡沫组合物的最大平均泡孔纵横比为2.5或更小。在某些实施方案中,平均开孔纵横比为2.4、2.3、2.2、2.1、2.0、1.9、1.8、1.7、或1.6或更小。低平均纵横比通常通过在挤出期间形成泡孔来实现,这与当组合物在形成泡孔时拉伸(例如,取向)时实现的较大平均纵横比形成对比。平均开孔纵横比可使用图像分析例如下文实施例中详细描述的图像分析来确定。
热塑性基质材料包含适用于挤出加工的热塑性聚合物,例如玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在-100℃至350℃或70℃至150℃范围内的热塑性聚合物。术语“玻璃化转变温度”在本文中是指通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)得到的“开始”玻璃化转变温度。换句话讲,热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度可为-100℃或更高、-90℃、-80℃、-70℃、-60℃、-50℃、-40℃、-30℃、-20℃、-10℃、0℃、10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、或70℃或更高;以及350℃或更低、300℃、280℃、260℃、250℃、240℃、220℃、200℃、180℃、160℃、150℃、120℃或100℃或更低。一些热塑性聚合物可包括多个玻璃化转变温度。
在一些实施方案中,热塑性基质材料包含弹性体材料,例如断裂伸长率为至少110%、115%、120%、125%、130%、135%、140%、145%、150%、155%、160%、165%、170%、175%、180%、185%、190%、195%或至少200%的热塑性聚合物。热塑性基质材料在100%应变下的力的量可在约20磅每平方英寸(psi)至约300psi、约22psi至约250psi、或小于、等于或大于约200psi、20、25、30、35、40,45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105、110、115、120、125、130、135、140、145、150、155、160、165、170、175、180、185、190、195、200、205、210、215、220、225、230、235、240、245、250、255、260、265、270、275、280、285、290、295或约300psi的范围内。弹性体材料可理想地向泡沫组合物提供柔韧性、抗冲击性或适形能力中的一种或多种。
在许多实施方案中,热塑性基质材料包含热塑性聚合物,该热塑性聚合物包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚硅氧烷、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯乙烯丁烯苯乙烯聚合物、氢化苯乙烯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯聚合物、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚酯、聚磷酸酯、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳酯、聚砜、聚氯乙烯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚烯烃、聚氨酯、含氟弹性体、含氟聚合物、聚酰胺、聚缩醛、聚酸酐、聚碳酸酯、聚醚、聚(醚酮)、聚(苯醚)、聚(乙烯基酯)、聚(乙烯基醚)、聚(乙烯基酮)、聚(乙烯基硫醚)以及它们的共聚物或它们的混合物。在所选实施方案中,热塑性基质材料包含热塑性聚合物,该热塑性聚合物包括氢化苯乙烯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯聚合物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯乙烯丙烯苯乙烯聚合物或它们的混合物。
如本文所用,聚丙烯酸酯是指通常通过聚合丙烯酸酯单体制备的聚合物材料,并且聚甲基丙烯酸酯是指通常通过聚合甲基丙烯酸酯单体制备的聚合物材料。丙烯酸酯单体和甲基丙烯酸酯单体在本文中统称为“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”单体。由丙烯酸酯单体中的一种或多种制备的聚合物将统称为“聚丙烯酸酯”,而由甲基丙烯酸酯单体中的一种或多种制备的聚合物将统称为“聚甲基丙烯酸酯”。聚合物可为均聚物或共聚物,任选地与其它非丙烯酸酯(例如乙烯基不饱和单体)组合。聚丙烯酸酯的共聚物为可用作非交联热塑性基质材料的丙烯酸酯共聚物。丙烯酸酯共聚物中示例性合适的非丙烯酸酯官能团包括例如乙烯、丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、乙烯基酯、乙烯基醚、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基己内酰胺、乙烯基芳族、二氧杂环庚烷、苯乙烯、乙烯基咪唑和乙烯基吡啶。因此,丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯在与具有与丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯组分共聚合的官能团的单体组合之后聚合。聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物的具体示例包括由可自由基聚合的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或低聚物制备的那些,诸如美国专利5,252,694(Willett等人)第5栏第35-68行中所述。
如本文所用,“嵌段共聚物”是指其中化学上不同的嵌段或序列彼此共价键合的弹性体组分。嵌段共聚物包含至少两种不同的称为嵌段A和嵌段B的聚合物嵌段。嵌段A和嵌段B可以具有不同的化学组成和不同的玻璃化转变温度或熔融温度。本公开的嵌段共聚物可分为四个主要类别:二嵌段((A-B)结构)、三嵌段((A-B-A)结构)、多嵌段(-(A-B)n-结构)和星形嵌段共聚物((A-B)n-结构)。还可以将二嵌段、三嵌段和多嵌段结构划分为线性嵌段共聚物。星形嵌段共聚物归为具有支链结构的嵌段共聚物结构的常规类别。由于具有支链从其延伸出的中心点,星形嵌段共聚物还称为放射状共聚物或棕榈树形共聚物。本文嵌段共聚物与梳状聚合物结构和其他支链共聚物不同。这些其他支链结构不具有支链从其延伸出的中心点。
合适的丙烯酸系嵌段共聚物包含至少一种丙烯酸系单体。示例性丙烯酸系嵌段共聚物可包含单体单元,该单体单元包括:甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,诸如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸仲丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸十三烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂基酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯或甲基丙烯酸苯酯;丙烯酸烷基酯,如丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸十三烷基酯、丙烯酸硬脂基酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯或丙烯酸2-辛酯;(甲基)丙烯酸酯,如具有下列酯基的那些:(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠酯;(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯,和它们的组合物。丙烯酸系嵌段共聚物可包含其它单体单元,例如,具有羧基的乙烯基单体,如(甲基)丙烯酸、巴豆酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、富马酸或(甲基)丙烯酰胺;芳族乙烯基单体,如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯或对甲基苯乙烯;共轭的双烯基单体,如丁二烯或异戊二烯;烯基单体,如乙烯或丙烯;或内酯基单体,如ε-己内酯或戊内酯;以及它们的组合。一种代表性丙烯酸系嵌段共聚物可以商品名KURARITY LA2330购自可乐丽公司(日本东京)(Kuraray(Tokyo,Japan))。
合适的苯乙烯嵌段共聚物包括例如苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯-二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物和氢化苯乙烯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯聚合物。示例性苯乙烯嵌段共聚物可包括线性、放射状、星形和锥形苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物,诸如购自德克萨斯州休斯顿的科腾聚合物公司(Kraton Polymers,Houston,TX)的KRATON D1107P和购自德克萨斯州休斯顿的埃尼化工弹性体美洲有限公司(EniChem Elastomers Americas,Inc.,Houston,TX)的EUROPRENE SOL TE 9110;线性苯乙烯-(乙烯/丁烯)嵌段共聚物,诸如购自科腾聚合物公司的KRATON G1657;线性苯乙烯-(乙烯/丙烯)嵌段共聚物,诸如购自科腾聚合物公司的KRATON G1657X;苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,诸如购自科腾聚合物公司的KRATON D1119P;丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,诸如购自英国伦敦的英力士公司(INEOS,London,UK))的LUSTRAN ABS 348;线性、放射状和星形苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物,诸如购自科腾聚合物公司的KRATON D1118X和购自埃尼化工弹性体美洲有限公司的EUROPRENESOL TE 6205;或苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物,诸如可从科腾聚合物公司商购获得的KRATON G1567 M;或苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯共聚物,例如可从科腾聚合物公司商购获得的聚合物KRATON G1730 M。
此外,不是嵌段共聚物的聚苯乙烯可用作热塑性基质材料。聚苯乙烯是由单体苯乙烯合成的芳香烃聚合物。各种分子量的聚苯乙烯可例如从密苏里州圣路易斯的西格玛奥德里奇公司(Sigma Aldrich Corporation,St.Louis,MO)商购获得。其他合适的聚苯乙烯树脂,包括通用聚苯乙烯和高抗冲聚苯乙烯(例如,适用于挤出加工),可以商品名STYRON610(用于通用聚苯乙烯)或以商品名STYRON414(用于高抗冲聚苯乙烯)购自德克萨斯州伍德兰兹的美国苯乙烯有限责任公司(Americas Styrenics LLC,Woodlands,TX)。
合适的聚烯烃聚合物包括例如但不限于半结晶聚合物树脂诸如聚烯烃和聚烯烃共聚物(例如,基于具有2至8个碳原子的单体,诸如低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物等)、聚酯和共聚酯,以及氟化均聚物和共聚物。如本文所用,术语“聚酯”是指由单一的二羧酸酯单体和单一的二醇单体制成的聚酯,同时也指由不止一种二羧酸酯单体和/或不止一种二醇单体制成的共聚酯。通常,聚酯由二羧酸酯单体的羧酸酯基团与二醇单体的羟基缩合来制备。如本文所用,术语“二羧酸酯”和“二羧酸”可互换使用,并且包括具有1至10个碳原子的低级烷基酯。如本文所用,二醇单体包括那些具有两个或更多个羟基的单体,例如二醇、三醇、四醇和五醇。分子量可为约8,000至约50,000的聚酯是可用的。
合适的聚酰胺包括尼龙-6、尼龙-6,6、尼龙-11和尼龙-12。尼龙-6和尼龙-6,6提供比尼龙-11和尼龙-12更好的耐热特性,而尼龙-11和尼龙-12提供更好的耐化学品属性。此外,其它尼龙材料诸如尼龙-6,12、尼龙-6,9、尼龙-4、尼龙-4,2、尼龙-4,6、尼龙-7和尼龙-8以及含环聚酰胺诸如尼龙-6,T和尼龙-6,1可以被使用。合适的尼龙包括可购自新泽西州萨默塞特的Creanova公司(Creanova,Inc.of Somerset,New Jersey)的VESTAMID L2140(尼龙-12)。另外的合适的聚酰胺包括例如聚(亚氨基(1-氧代六亚甲基))、聚(亚氨基已二酰基亚氨基六亚甲基)、聚(亚氨基已二酰基亚氨基十亚甲基)、聚己内酰胺等或它们的组合。
合适的聚酰胺-酰亚胺可通过使芳族二胺与偏苯三酸反应来制备。可用的芳族二胺包括例如4,4'-二氨基苯甲酰苯胺、4,3'-二氨基苯甲酰苯胺、3,4'-二氨基苯甲酰苯胺、3,3'-二氨基苯甲酰苯胺、3,5'-二氨基苯甲酰苯胺、间苯二甲醛(4-氨基苯胺)、N,N'-间苯二胺双(4-氨基苯甲酰胺)、间苯二甲醛(3-氨基苯胺)、N,N'双(3-氨基苯甲酰基)、2,4-二氨基二苯醚、2,4-二氨基苯基醚、N,O-双(3-氨基苯甲酰基)-对氨基苯酚和双(4-氨基苯基)间苯二甲酸酯。
合适的聚砜包括例如2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷的钠盐和4,4'-二氯二苯砜的反应产物。合适的聚醚砜包括例如聚(二苯醚砜)、聚(二苯砜-共-二苯并呋喃砜)等或它们的组合。
聚醚酰亚胺通常通过两步方法由芳族二胺和芳族四羧酸二酐制备。第一步涉及通常在环境温度或低温下,在高沸点偶极非质子溶剂中将二酐(例如均苯四甲酸二酐)添加到二胺(例如4,4'-二氨基二苯醚)中。第二步包括聚(酰胺酸)的多环脱水反应,这产生最终聚酰亚胺。聚醚酰亚胺由沙基工业股份公司(SABIC)以商品名ULTEM和由杜邦公司(Dupont)以商品名Kapton制造。合适的聚醚酰亚胺包括例如聚(均苯四甲酰亚胺)等等。
聚芳酯为具有酯基团重复单元和芳环的芳族聚酯。聚芳酯通过二羧酸的二酰氯衍生物与酚类化合物的缩聚而形成。通常,二羧酸为对苯二甲酸或间苯二甲酸,并且酚为双酚A或其衍生物。合适的聚芳酯包括聚(对羟基苯甲酸酯)和聚双酚-A对苯二甲酸酯。
聚氨酯为用于描述通过多官能异氰酸酯与多官能醇的反应以形成氨酯键而制备的聚合物的通用术语。术语“聚氨酯”也已更一般地用于指多异氰酸酯与包括多官能醇、胺和硫醇的任何多活性氢化合物的反应产物。合适的聚氨酯为以商品名ESTANE、ISOPLAST和PELLETHANE由路博润公司(Lubrizol Corporation)出售的非交联热塑性聚氨酯。另外的合适的聚氨酯为以商品名IROGRAN、AVALON、KRYSTALGRAN和IROSTIC由亨斯迈公司(Huntsman)出售的非交联热塑性聚氨酯。
合适的含氟聚合物包括通过聚合一种或多种类型的氟化或部分氟化的单体而获得的热塑性含氟聚合物。在这种情况下,含氟聚合物的特定微结构允许含氟聚合物的某种程度的结晶度,从而得到热塑性特性。一般来讲,热塑性含氟聚合物至少为共聚物,但可为三元共聚物或含有甚至四个或更多个不同可共聚单体的热塑性含氟聚合物。共聚作用允许与氟基均聚物相比的结晶度降低,其可有利地用于本公开的压敏粘合剂组合物。热塑性含氟聚合物的交联可通常用过氧化物、多元醇或聚胺来执行,但并不限于此。含氟聚合物可为化学性不同的热塑性含氟聚合物的混合物,以及化学性不同的含氟弹性体的混合物和热塑性含氟聚合物和含氟弹性体的混合物。例如,合适的热塑性含氟聚合物包括四氟乙烯(TFE)与全氟化、部分氟化或非氟化共聚单体的共聚物,其中共聚单体含量为大于1wt%、3wt%或更大,并且可为至多30wt%(如上文所用并且以下重量百分比基于聚合物的总重量—除非另外指明)。示例包括:氟化乙烯丙烯(FEP)(例如,TFE、六氟丙烯(HFP)和其它任选量的全氟化乙烯基醚的共聚物);THV(例如TFE、偏氟乙烯(VDF)和HFP的共聚物)、全氟烷氧基(PFA)(例如TFE和全氟烷基乙烯基醚和/或全氟烷基烯丙基醚的共聚物);VDF的同型单体和共聚物(例如,PVDF);以及三氟氯乙烯(CTFE)的均聚物和共聚物以及TFE和乙烯的共聚物(例如ETFE)。热塑性含氟聚合物(有时称为氟弹性体或氟化热塑性塑料)描述于例如德国魏因海姆的Wiley-VCH Verlag Chemie出版社的《乌尔曼工业化学百科全书(Ullmann’sEncyclopedia of industrial chemisty)》,第7版,2013年中的“含氟聚合物,有机(Fluoropolymer,Organic)”。
合适的聚硅氧烷(例如,聚有机硅氧烷)在例如共同拥有的美国专利7,501,184(Leir等人)和8,765,881(Hays等人)中有所描述,该专利全文以引用的方式并入本文。聚氯乙烯(PVC)是由大部分(例如,至少50%)氯乙烯组成的聚合物,并且已被用作泡沫产品的基质多年。合适的PVC包括可以商品名GE FE1456CPF购自墨西哥化工特种化合物公司(马萨诸塞州莱明斯特)(Mexichem Specialty Compounds(Leominster,MA))的PVC化合物(例如,适用于挤出加工)。合适的聚缩醛包括聚甲醛(POM),包括得自杜邦公司的DELRIN和得自密歇根州法明顿山的宝理塑料株式会社(Polyplastics Co.,Ltd,Farmington Hills,MI)的DURACON。合适的聚磷酸酯包括购自密苏里州圣路易斯的西格玛奥德里奇公司的聚(对苯二甲酸1,4-双(羟乙基)酯-交替---乙氧基磷酸酯)。合适的聚碳酸酯包括购自密苏里州圣路易斯的西格玛奥德里奇公司的聚(双酚A碳酸酯)。合适的聚(苯醚)包括以商品名NORYL由得克萨斯州休斯顿的沙基工业股份美国公司(Sabic Americas,Houston,TX)出售的改性的聚(苯醚)和聚(亚苯基醚)化合物。
合适的聚(醚酮)为沿着聚合物主链包含醚和酮官能团的热塑性聚合物。在每个重复单元内,在一行中可存在一个或多个醚或酮亚单元。例如,聚(醚醚酮)、聚(醚酮酮)和聚(醚醚酮酮)均由术语聚(醚酮)表示。合适的聚(醚酮)为由英国兰开夏的威格斯公司(Victrex PLC,Lancashire,UK)以商品名VICTREX PEEK出售的聚(醚醚酮)化合物。
填料组分可包含一种或多种颗粒填料。通常,填料组分包含至少一种无机填料,并且可为结晶材料或无定形材料。在一些实施方案中,填料组分还可充当成核剂,这可通过避免在用于形成泡沫组合物的混合物中需要另外的成核剂而降低成本。另外,填料组分有助于产生空隙,其允许泡沫组合物中的密度降低。当填料组分包含无机填料时,通常填料组分包含霞石正长岩、碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、滑石、氧化铝、氧化锆、勃姆石、无定形二氧化硅、二氧化钛、高岭石、方解石、偏硅酸钙、硫酸钙、粘土、飞灰、偏硅酸钙(例如硅灰石)、硫酸钙(例如石膏)、硅酸锆、硫化锌、氧化锌、钛酸锶、浮石、硫酸钡或它们的混合物。
填料组分可具有任何合适的形态。例如,填料组分可为球形、细长形(例如纤维形)或具有不规则形状。在一些实施方案中,填料组分的(例如,数均)最大尺寸(例如,最大直径或最大纵向尺寸)为200纳米或更大、500纳米或更大、750纳米或更大、1微米或更大、3微米或更大、5微米或更大、7、10、12、15、17、20、22、25、28、30、32、35、38或40微米或更大;以及300微米或更小、280、260、240、220、200、180、160、140、120、100、80、70、60或50微米或更小。换句话讲,填料组分的最大尺寸可在200纳米至300微米或40微米至50微米的范围内。大于约300微米的颗粒可能在泡沫组合物的加工期间损坏挤出机或堵塞过滤器。
在所选实施方案中,填料组分在莫氏硬度标度上表现出3.5或更大、4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5或甚至6.0或更大的硬度;并且在莫氏硬度标度上表现出10或更小的硬度。已知在描述材料耐刮擦性的莫氏硬度标度上,滑石表现出为1的硬度,碳酸钙表现出为3的硬度,并且霞石正长岩表现出为6的硬度。较硬的填料组分趋于产生更耐磨的泡沫组合物。
在所选实施方案中,填料组分包含霞石正长岩。例如,在第二方面,提供了另一种泡沫组合物,该泡沫组合物包含作为填料的霞石正长岩。该泡沫组合物包含开孔泡沫热塑性基质材料和填料组分,基于热塑性基质材料的总重量,填料组分以20重量%或更大的量存在。通常,全部填料组分的10重量%或更大、12.5重量%、15重量%、17.5重量%、20重量%、22.5重量%、25重量%、30重量%、35重量%、40重量%、45重量%、50重量%、55重量%、60重量%、65重量%、70重量%、或75重量%或更大为霞石正长岩。一种合适的可商购获得的霞石正长岩为得自阿肯色州小石城的3M公司(3M,Little Rock,Arkansas)的3M工业级霞石正长岩700Dry。这是一种天然存在的霞石正长岩矿物质,其已被加工成大约700微米和更细(通常具有580微米的D95、220微米的D50和33微米的D10,如使用Microtrac S3500激光衍射仪所测定的)。
基于热塑性基质材料的总重量,填料组分通常以至多60重量%、至多57重量%、55重量%、52重量%、50重量%、47重量%、45重量%、42重量%、40重量%、37重量%、或至多35重量%的量存在;以及基于热塑性基质材料的总重量,以20重量%、22重量%、25重量%、27重量%或30重量%或更大的量存在。换句话讲,基于热塑性基质材料的总重量,填料组分可以25重量%至50重量%、30重量%至50重量%或20重量%至45重量%的量存在。小于20重量%的使用通常不导致开孔的形成,并且大于60重量%的使用趋于使泡沫组合物的泡沫结构和机械完整性劣化。
根据本公开的至少某些实施方案的泡沫组合物还可包含至少一种任选的添加剂,该至少一种任选的添加剂选自由防粘连添加剂、泡孔稳定剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、润滑剂、加工助剂、抗静电剂、着色剂、抗冲击助剂、消光剂、阻燃剂(例如硼酸锌)、颜料或它们的组合组成的组。
根据本公开的至少一些实施方案形成的泡沫组合物(例如,片材形式)的厚度可为10密耳(254微米)或更大、15密耳、25密耳、50密耳、75密耳、100密耳或甚至125密耳或更大;以及250密耳(6.35毫米)或更小、225密耳、200密耳、175密耳、150密耳、130密耳、110密耳、90密耳或甚至70密耳(1.78毫米)或更小。换句话讲,泡沫组合物的厚度可为10密耳(254微米)至250密耳(6.35毫米)。泡沫可为单个片材的形式,特别是厚度大于20密耳的片材。(例如,较薄)泡沫可为卷状物品的形式。
根据本公开的至少一些实施方案形成的泡沫组合物的密度可为0.3克每立方厘米(g/cc)或更大、0.31、0.32、0.33、0.34、0.35、0.36、0.37、0.38、0.39、0.40、0.41、0.42、0.43、0.44或0.45g/cc或更大;以及0.75g/cc或更小、0.74、0.73、0.72、0.71、0.70、0.69、0.68、0.67、0.66、0.65、0.64、0.63、0.62、0.61、0.60、0.59、0.58、0.57、0.56或0.55g/cc或更小。换句话讲,泡沫组合物的密度可为0.3至0.7g/cc或0.4至0.6g/cc。已发现,尽管填料含量相对较高,但根据本公开的至少某些方面的泡沫组合物具有比其他开孔泡沫更高的密度。
有利地,根据本公开的至少一些实施方案形成的开孔泡沫组合物是流体(例如,气体、液体等)可渗透的。渗透性的程度可测量为格利空气通量(Gurley air flux),其在下面的实施例中有所描述。在一些实施方案中,泡沫组合物表现出的格利空气通量为3,000L/m2*h*psi或更大、4,000、5,000、6,000、8,000、10,000、12,000、15,000、20,000、25,000、30,000、35,000、40,000、50,000、60,000、70,000、80,000和甚至100,000L/m2*h*psi或更大;以及200,000L/m2*h*psi或更小、190,000、180,000、170,000、160,000、150,000、140,000、130,000、120,000、110,000或甚至90,000L/m2*h*psi或更小。高格利空气通量允许在诸如过滤的应用中使用。
在第三方面,提供了一种制备泡沫组合物的方法。参见图1,该方法包括(a)获得包含第一热塑性聚合物的复合材料,该第一热塑性聚合物具有分布在其中的填料组分和发泡剂110;(b)将复合材料与第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物共挤出以形成三层组合物120;以及(c)将中间层与第一外层和第二外层中的每一者分离,从而形成泡沫组合物130。该三层组合物包括设置在第一外层与第二外层之间的中间层。中间层包括由复合材料形成的开孔泡沫(120),第一外层由第二热塑性聚合物形成,并且第二外层由第三热塑性聚合物形成。第一热塑性聚合物不同于第二热塑性聚合物,并且也不同于第三热塑性聚合物。换句话讲,该方法包括:
a)获得包含第一热塑性聚合物的复合材料,该第一热塑性聚合物具有分布在其中的填料组分和发泡剂;
b)将复合材料与第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物共挤出以形成三层组合物,该三层组合物包括
中间层,该中间层设置在第一外层与第二外层之间,其中该中间层包括由复合材料形成的开孔泡沫,其中该第一外层由第二热塑性聚合物形成,并且该第二外层由第三热塑性聚合物形成,并且
其中第一热塑性聚合物不同于第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物中的每一者;以及
c)将中间层与第一外层和第二外层中的每一者分离,从而形成泡沫组合物。
第二热塑性聚合物与第一热塑性聚合物不混溶。如本文所用,“不混溶”是指当共混时具有有限溶解度和非零界面张力的聚合物,即,其混合自由能大于零的共混物:ΔG≈ΔHm>0。优选地,第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物中的每一者与第一热塑性聚合物不混溶,以允许中间层(包含第一热塑性聚合物)与第一外层和第二外层(包含第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物)基本上完全分离。如果两种聚合物形成不混溶的共混物,则它们是不混溶的。聚合物的不混溶的共混物显示出多种非晶相,这些非晶相(例如)使用差示扫描量热计或动态力学分析通过存在的多个非晶态玻璃化转变温度而确定。聚合物的混溶性由热力学因素和动力学因素这两者确定。非极性聚合物的常用混溶性预测因子为溶解度参数的差值或弗洛里-赫金斯相互作用参数。对于具有非特异性相互作用的聚合物,诸如聚烯烃,弗洛里-赫金斯相互作用参数可通过溶解度参数之差的平方乘以系数(V/RT)而算出,其中V为重复单元的非晶相的摩尔体积,R为气体常数,并且T为绝对温度。因此,两种非极性聚合物之间的弗洛里-赫金斯相互作用参数始终为正数。
在一些实施方案中,第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物独立地选自聚乳酸(PLA)、聚烯烃、聚丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚酰胺以及它们的组合。关于组合,例如,两种聚烯烃(例如,聚乙烯和聚丙烯)的共混物可适合作为第二热塑性聚合物和/或第三热塑性聚合物。如果第一热塑性聚合物为例如苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,则第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物中的每一者将不为苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,使得第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物中的一者或两者可易于从泡沫组合物中去除。在一些实施方案中,第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物是同一种聚合物。
合适的聚乳酸(“PLA”)聚合物例如在共同拥有的美国专利申请公布号2017/0313912(Zhou等人)中有所描述,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。PLA可包含单独的无定形PLA聚合物、单独的半结晶PLA聚合物或两者的组合。半结晶PLA的合适的示例包括NATUREWORKS INGEO 4042D和4032D。文献中已将这些聚合物描述为具有约200,000g/mol的重均分子量(Mw);约100,000g/mol的数均分子量(Mn);以及约2.0的多分散度。另一种合适的半结晶PLA可以商品名“SYNTERRA PDLA”获得。合适的无定形PLA包括NATUREWORKS INGEO4060D级。文献中已将该聚合物描述为具有约180,000g/mol的分子量Mw。
用作第二热塑性聚合物和/或第三热塑性聚合物的合适的聚烯烃、聚丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚酰胺如上文关于第一方面所详述。
在一些实施方案中,发泡剂包括化学发泡剂、物理发泡剂或化学发泡剂和物理发泡剂两者。挥发性液体和气体发泡剂趋于在复合材料中产生气泡,从而留下空隙,以形成泡沫组合物。化合物发泡剂分解,并且一种或多种分解产物的至少一部分在复合材料中产生气泡,从而留下空隙。优选地,发泡剂基本上不含中空颗粒。这是因为中空颗粒的外壳不破裂并因此导致形成闭孔泡沫而不是开孔泡沫。
在一些实施方案中,发泡剂包括化学发泡剂,该化学发泡剂选自由以下化合物组成的组:偶氮化合物、重氮化合物、磺酰肼、磺酰氨基脲、四唑、亚硝基化合物、酰基磺酰肼、靛红酸酐、腙、肼、噻***、叠氮化物、磺酰叠氮化物、草酸盐、二氧化硫三嗪、碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐、柠檬酸、聚碳酸、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硼氢化物或它们的组合。合适的化学发泡剂包括例如但不限于合成的偶氮基化合物、碳酸盐基化合物、酰肼基化合物以及它们的组合物。可用的具体化合物包括例如1,1-偶氮二酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、苯磺酰肼、p,p'-氧基双(苯磺酰肼)、5-苯基四唑、对甲苯磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰氨基脲、二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺和肼基二酰胺。也可使用包封的化学发泡剂。包封的化学发泡剂可如共同拥有的国际申请号PCT/US2018/065613(Fishman等人)中所述制备,该申请以引用方式并入本文。
当发泡剂包含物理发泡剂时,发泡剂通常选自由挥发性液体、气体或它们的组合组成的组。可为合适的物理发泡剂的具体材料包括二氧化碳、氮气、氩气、水、丁烷、2,2-二甲基丙烷、戊烷、己烷、庚烷、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、苯、甲苯、氟化烃、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、***、异丙酮或它们的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,可使用无机填料作为抗粘连添加剂来防止在储存和运输期间泡沫组合物的层或卷的粘连或粘着。无机填料包括表面改性的或非表面改性的粘土和矿物。示例包括滑石、硅藻土、二氧化硅、云母、高岭土、二氧化钛、珍珠岩和钙硅石。因此,某些材料可能潜在地充当泡沫组合物中的结晶成核剂、泡孔成核剂、防粘连添加剂、泡孔稳定剂等中的多于一种。
在制备如本文所述的泡沫组合物时,使用本领域普通技术人员已知的任何合适的方式将热塑性基质材料、填料组分和发泡剂(以及任何任选的添加剂)彻底混合。例如,复合材料可通过使用(例如Brabender)混合器、挤出机、捏合机等来混合,优选地在挤出机中混合。
在某些实施方案中,可诸如通过将混合物的至少一部分挤出并制粒来将复合材料制备成粒料的形式。包含多个粒料的混合物的一个优点是:与某些另选形式的混合物相比,该混合物更易于处置。
在加热复合材料混合物时(例如,经受150℃-270℃(包括端值在内)的温度),发泡剂有助于产生空隙从而形成泡沫组合物。在一些实施方案中,发泡剂包括化学发泡剂、物理发泡剂或它们的组合(例如,在某些泡沫组合物中可使用多于一种发泡剂)。发泡剂的可用类别包括例如挥发性液体、气体和化合物。通常,复合材料混合物在挤出机中加热,并且第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物中的每一者各自在挤出机中加热。将挤出机设定为加热每种材料,通常通过使其经受如下温度来进行:至少130℃、至少140℃、至少150℃、至少160℃或至少170℃;并且至多230℃、至多210℃、至多200℃、至多190℃或至多180℃;诸如在130℃至230℃或140℃至200℃的范围内,包括端值在内。
据发现,在多层共挤出工艺中(例如通过多层模具)使用设置在中间层(即,包含分布在热塑性聚合物中的填料组分和发泡剂)的任一侧上的第一外层和第二外层出乎意料地能够在中间层中形成开孔泡沫组合物。据信第一外层和第二外层在其能够形成泡孔之前最小化活化发泡剂从中间层的损失。
在一些实施方案中,第一外层从设置在比挤出中间层的挤出机更高的温度下的挤出机挤出。类似地,在一些实施方案中,第二外层从设置在比挤出中间层的挤出机更高的温度下的挤出机挤出。在此类实施方案中,挤出中间层的挤出机的温度足够低,使得复合材料不达到发泡剂的活化温度。相反,当外层位于中间层的任一侧上时,从第一层和/或第二层到中间层的热传递在挤出后在这些层直接接触之后活化发泡剂。
为了提供开孔泡沫组合物,通过将第一外层和第二外层中的每一者从中间层剥离来使第一外层和第二外层各自与中间层分离。另选地,第一外层和第二外层中的仅一者可从中间层分层以提供附接到热塑性基底的开孔泡沫。
在一些实施方案中,第二热塑性聚合物、第三热塑性聚合物或两者具有100%或更小、95%、90%、85%、或80%或更小的断裂伸长率,这相对于使外层具有更高的断裂伸长率,可改善多层材料的处理。在第一热塑性聚合物具有大于100%的断裂伸长率的实施方案中,层之间的断裂伸长率的差异可有助于第一热塑性聚合物与第二热塑性聚合物、第三热塑性聚合物或两者的分层过程。
在第四方面,提供了一种通过根据第三方面的方法形成的泡沫组合物。该泡沫组合物的组分和特性是根据第一方面,如上所详述。
泡沫组合物可具有如通过实施例中阐述的测试方法所测定的各种特性,包括泡孔纵横比、泡沫组合物密度和格利空气通量。
在第五方面,提供了一种聚合物膜。该聚合物膜包括第一热塑性弹性体层,该第一热塑性弹性体层包含上文详述的根据第一方面的泡沫组合物。该聚合物膜包括一个或多个热塑性弹性体层。如图8所示,聚合物膜800包括第一热塑性弹性体层802、第二热塑性弹性体层804和第三热塑性弹性体层806。虽然图8将聚合物膜800示出为包括三个热塑性弹性体层,但聚合物膜800可具有少至一个热塑性弹性体层或任何数量的热塑性弹性体层。层802、804或806中的至少一个包括第一热塑性弹性体层,该第一热塑性弹性体层包含如上文所详述的根据第一方面的泡沫组合物。第一热塑性弹性体层通常包含热塑性基质材料,该热塑性基质材料包含如上所述的弹性体材料。
层802、804和806中的任一者的组成可以相同。另选地,层802、804和806的组成可以不同。作为合适的组合物的示例,层802、804或806中的任一者可包含热塑性聚合物。在另外的实施方案中,层802、804或806中的任一者可包含热固性聚合物。热塑性聚合物可在层802、804和806的约40重量百分比(重量%)至约100重量%,约60重量%至约95重量%,或小于、等于或大于约40重量%、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或约100重量%的范围内。
用于层802、804和806中的任一者的合适的热塑性聚合物的具体示例包括丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、硅氧烷、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯乙烯丁烯苯乙烯聚合物、氢化苯乙烯乙烯丁烯苯乙烯聚合物、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳酯、聚砜、聚丙烯、增塑聚氯乙烯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚醚酰亚胺、茂金属催化的聚乙烯、聚乙烯、聚氨酯、含氟弹性体或它们的共聚物。在一些实施方案中,硅氧烷可为聚二有机硅氧烷-聚乙二酰胺共聚物。层802、804和806中的任一者可包含这些热塑性聚合物中的一种或热塑性聚合物的混合物。在一些实施方案中,层802、804或806中的任一者可不含聚丙烯。在层802、804或806中的任一者包含相同热塑性聚合物的实施方案中,可以具有那些具有不同重均分子量的聚合物的混合物。
如图所示,层802、804和806中的每一者为基本上平面的。层802、804和806中的任一者的厚度t1、t2或t3可独立地在约3密耳至约200密耳、约15密耳至约160密耳、或小于、等于或大于约3密耳、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105、110、115、120、125、130、135、140、145、150、155、160、165、170、175、180、185、190、195、200、205、210、215、220、225、230、235、240、245、250、255、260、265、270、275、280、285、290、295或约300密耳的范围内。在聚合物膜800的一些实施方案中,第二层804的厚度(t2)可大于层802和806中的任一者的厚度(t1和t3)。在其他实施方案中,第一层802和第三层806中的每一者可具有大于第二层804的厚度。
聚合物膜800可任选地包含增强组分,诸如纤维、稀松布、织物或非织造物。增强组分可位于层802、804和806中的任一者之间,或者其可嵌入在任何层内或外表面(例如,顶表面或底表面)上。当存在时,增强组分可有助于增加聚合物膜800的强度或降低聚合物膜800中的柔性。增强组分可包含任何合适的增强材料。例如,增强组分可包含织造材料、非织造材料或它们的混合物。织造或非织造材料的示例可包括玻璃纤维、尼龙、棉、纤维素纤维、羊毛、橡胶、聚酯、聚丙烯或它们的混合物。然而,在一些实施方案中,聚合物膜800可不含增强材料,并且仍然能够具有足够的强度和弹性以用于任何应用。
在第六方面,提供了一种组件。该组件包括基底和根据第五方面的聚合物膜。聚合物膜的第一主表面粘附到基底。图9是组件900的示意图。如上所述,聚合物膜800可结合到任何合适的组件中,诸如商业屋顶组件。如图9所示,聚合物膜800的第一主表面810与基底902接触,例如粘附到基底902。基底可为屋顶、防潮层、泡沫、金属、沥青或木材(例如,天然木材、木材复合材料或层合木材)。
如图9所示,聚合物膜100用作商业屋顶膜。商业屋顶膜可为基本上平面的。这可以是商业屋顶膜设置在平面屋顶上的结果。在一些实施方案中,商业屋顶膜的外表面基本上没有任何覆盖物。然而,在另外的实施方案中,商用屋顶膜的外表面可以至少部分地被压载层(例如,岩石层)覆盖。在另外的实施方案中,商业屋顶膜可以用稀松布、土壤和草或者可以在土壤中生长的不同植物覆盖。在另外的实施方案中,外表面可至少部分地被太阳能电池板覆盖。
提供了包括泡沫组合物、其制备方法以及通过所述方法制备的泡沫组合物的各种实施方案。
实施方案1为一种泡沫组合物。所述泡沫组合物包含开孔泡沫热塑性基质材料;以及填料组分。基于所述热塑性基质材料的总重量,所述填料组分以20重量百分比(重量%)或更大的量存在。平均开孔纵横比为2.5或更小。
实施方案2为根据实施方案1所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述平均开孔纵横比为2.3或更小、2.0或更小、或1.8或更小。
实施方案3为根据实施方案1或实施方案2所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述填料组分为无机填料。
实施方案4为根据实施方案1至3中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述填料组分包含霞石正长岩。
实施方案5为一种泡沫组合物。所述泡沫组合物包含开孔泡沫热塑性基质材料;以及填料组分。基于所述热塑性基质材料的总重量,所述填料组分以20重量%或更大的量存在,并且所述填料组分包含霞石正长岩。
实施方案6为根据实施方案5所述的泡沫组合物,其中全部填料组分的10重量%或更大、25重量%或更大或者50重量%或更大为霞石正长岩。
实施方案7为根据实施方案1至6中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述填料组分包含碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、滑石、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化锌、勃姆石、无定形二氧化硅、二氧化钛、高岭石、方解石、偏硅酸钙、硫酸钙、粘土、飞灰或它们的混合物。
实施方案8为根据实施方案1至7中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述填料组分的最大尺寸在200纳米至300微米或40微米至50微米的范围内。
实施方案9为根据实施方案1至8中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中基于所述热塑性基质材料的总重量,所述填料组分以至多60重量%的量存在。
实施方案10为根据实施方案1至9中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中基于所述热塑性基质材料的总重量,所述填料组分以25重量%至50重量%、30重量%至50重量%或20重量%至45重量%的量存在。
实施方案11为根据实施方案1至10中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述热塑性基质材料包含玻璃化转变温度在-100℃至300℃或70℃至150℃范围内的热塑性聚合物。
实施方案12为根据实施方案1至11中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述热塑性基质材料包含断裂伸长率为至少110%、130%、150%或200%的热塑性聚合物。
实施方案13为根据实施方案1至12中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述热塑性基质材料包含热塑性聚合物,所述热塑性聚合物包括丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、硅氧烷、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯聚合物、氢化苯乙烯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯聚合物、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚酯、聚磷酸酯、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳酯、聚砜、聚氯乙烯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、含氟弹性体、含氟聚合物、聚酰胺、聚缩醛、它们的共聚物或它们的混合物。
实施方案14为根据实施方案1至13中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述热塑性基质材料包含热塑性聚合物,所述热塑性聚合物包括氢化苯乙烯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯聚合物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯乙烯丙烯苯乙烯聚合物或它们的混合物。
实施方案15为根据实施方案1至13中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,还包含至少一种添加剂,所述添加剂选自由防粘连添加剂、泡孔稳定剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、润滑剂、加工助剂、抗静电剂、着色剂、抗冲击助剂、消光剂、阻燃剂、颜料或它们的组合组成的组。
实施方案16为根据实施方案1至14中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述填料组分表现出的莫氏硬度标度为3.5或更大。
实施方案17为根据实施方案1至16中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,所述泡沫组合物具有10密耳(254微米)至250密耳(6.35毫米)的厚度。
实施方案18为根据实施方案1至17中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,所述泡沫组合物具有0.3克每立方厘米(g/cc)至0.7g/cc或0.4g/cc至0.6g/cc的密度。
实施方案19为根据实d施方案1至18中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,所述泡沫组合物具有3000L/m2*h*psi或更大的格利空气通量。
实施方案20为一种制备泡沫组合物的方法。所述方法包括(a)获得包含第一热塑性聚合物的复合材料,所述第一热塑性聚合物具有分布在其中的填料组分和发泡剂;(b)将所述复合材料与第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物共挤出以形成三层组合物;以及(c)将中间层与第一外层和第二外层中的每一者分离,从而形成所述泡沫组合物。所述三层组合物包括设置在第一外层与第二外层之间的中间层。所述中间层包括由所述复合材料形成的开孔泡沫,所述第一外层由所述第二热塑性聚合物形成,并且所述第二外层由所述第三热塑性聚合物形成。所述第一热塑性聚合物不同于所述第二热塑性聚合物和所述第三热塑性聚合物中的每一者。
实施方案21为根据实施方案20所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂包括化学发泡剂。
实施方案22为根据实施方案20或实施方案21所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂包括物理发泡剂。
实施方案23为根据实施方案20至22中任一项所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂基本上不含中空颗粒。
实施方案24为根据实施方案20至23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂包括包封的化学发泡剂。
实施方案25为根据实施方案20至24中任一项所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂包括化学发泡剂,所述化学发泡剂选自由以下化合物组成的组:重氮化合物、磺酰肼、四唑、亚硝基化合物、酰基磺酰肼、靛红酸酐、腙、噻***、叠氮化物、磺酰叠氮化物、草酸盐、二氧化硫三嗪、碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐、柠檬酸、聚碳酸、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硼氢化物或它们的组合。
实施方案26为根据实施方案20至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂包括物理发泡剂,所述物理发泡剂选自由挥发性液体、气体或它们的组合组成的组。
实施方案27为根据实施方案20至26中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第二热塑性聚合物和所述第三热塑性聚合物是同一种聚合物。
实施方案28为根据实施方案20至27中任一项所述的方法,其中通过将所述第一外层和所述第二外层中的每一者从所述中间层剥离来使所述第一外层和所述第二外层与所述中间层分离。
实施方案29为根据实施方案20至28中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一外层从设置在比挤出所述中间层的挤出机更高的温度下的挤出机挤出。
实施方案30为根据实施方案20至29中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第二外层从设置在比挤出所述中间层的挤出机更高的温度下的挤出机挤出。
实施方案31为根据实施方案20至30中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第二热塑性聚合物具有100%或更小的断裂伸长率。
实施方案32为根据实施方案20至31中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第三热塑性聚合物具有100%或更小的断裂伸长率。
实施方案33为根据实施方案20至32中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第二热塑性聚合物与所述第一热塑性聚合物不混溶。
实施方案34为根据实施方案33所述的方法,其中所述第二热塑性聚合物选自聚乳酸(PLA)、聚烯烃、聚丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚酰胺。
实施方案35为根据实施方案20至33中任一项所述的方法,其中所述泡沫组合物为根据实施方案1至19中任一项所述的泡沫组合物。
实施方案36为通过根据实施方案20至34中任一项所述的方法形成的泡沫组合物。
实施方案37为一种聚合物膜。所述聚合物膜包括第一热塑性弹性体层,所述第一热塑性弹性体层包含根据实施方案1至19中任一项所述的泡沫组合物。
实施方案38为根据实施方案37所述的聚合物膜,其中所述聚合物膜还包含增强组分。
实施方案39为根据实施方案38所述的聚合物膜,其中所述增强组分包括纤维、稀松布、织物或非织造物中的至少一种。
实施方案40为一种组件。所述组件包括基底和根据实施方案37至39中任一项所述的聚合物膜。
实施例
以下实施例进一步说明了本发明的目的和优点,但这些实施例中列举的具体材料及其量以及其它条件和细节不应被解释为是对本发明的不当限制。这些实施例仅为了进行示意性的说明,并非意在限制所附权利要求书的范围。除非另有说明或从文本中容易看出,否则材料的量按重量或重量百分比(“重量%”)列出。
通过使用三个挤出机和一个三层模具生产三层膜。所用的设备列于下表1中。
表1.
所有三个K-tron进料机将固体(粉末和粒料)进料到25mm双螺杆挤出机中。为了确保填料良好地混合到聚合物中,将双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速设定为150转每分钟(RPM)。在重力作用下向单螺杆挤出机进料聚合物粒料。所有挤出机经由加热软管连接到3层模具。双螺杆挤出机向3层模具的芯(中心)层进料。3层聚合物熔体接合在多层模具内,并且3层熔融膜被浇铸到浇铸工位中的冷却辊上。所得的3层模被卷绕成卷。通过将自来水通过镀铬钢辊来实现浇铸辊的冷却。活化温度为约200℃的化学发泡剂偶氮二酰胺(Azo)在加热至高于200℃的模具中被活化。
实施例中使用的材料
测试方法
透气度
透气度在配备有自动定时器的密度计(以商品名GURLEY MODEL 4110NDENSOMETER购自纽约州特洛伊的格利精密仪器公司(Gurley Precision Instruments,Troy,NY)上测量。将体积设定为50立方厘米(cc),并且记录使50cc体积的空气穿过样本的时间。然后使用下式计算由空气通量反映的透气度:
在体积为50cc、压力为4.88英寸水柱(0.176磅每平方英寸)(1.21kPa)、面积为45.9平方厘米(cm2)的情况下,记录时间。
泡孔纵横比
使用JEOL JSM-6010LA SEM(日本东京的日本电子株式会社(JEOL Ltd.,Tokyo,JP))通过SEM对泡沫的泡孔结构进行成像。通过使用#10手术刀沿膜的纵向(MD)切割泡沫制品的薄条来制备样品。将切片安装在JEOL SEM台上,使得条的横截面朝上,然后在丹顿真空Desk V涂布***(新泽西州穆尔斯敦的丹顿真空设备有限公司(Denton Vacuum,LLC,Moorestown,NJ))中用Au/Pd溅射涂布30秒。使用Image-Pro Premier 9.3图像分析软件(马里兰州罗克维尔的媒体控制论公司(Media Cybernetics,Inc.,Rockfille,MD))分析图像,以使用Image-Pro's算法获得平均泡孔纵横比。Image-Pro Premier将泡孔纵横比定义为等效于泡孔的椭圆的长轴和短轴的比率。使用多边形工具手动限定泡孔。横截面中的闭孔群用于估计破裂前开孔的纵横比。在可能的情况下,分析至少25个泡孔。
比较例1:
挤出机 | 层 | 组成 | 挤出速率 |
1.25"(32mm)SSE | 顶层 | SEBS | 5lbs/hr(2.27kg/hr) |
25mm TSE | 芯/中间层 | 98%SEBS,2%Azo | 10lbs/hr(4.54kg/hr) |
1.25"(32mm)SSE | 底部 | SEBS | 5lbs/hr(2.27kg/hr) |
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS。根据上表的比较例1的详情制备的比较例1(CE1)生产具有整体共挤出表层的样本。参见图2,构造200的外层210(顶层和底层)不能与芯层220分离。CE1生产在整个膜厚度上无孔的膜。
比较例2:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS。根据上表的比较例2的详情制备的比较例2(CE2)生产具有整体共挤出表层的样本。参见图3,构造300的外层310(顶层和底层)不能与芯层320分离。CE2生产在整个膜厚度上无孔的膜。
实施例1:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表实施例1的详情制备的实施例1生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。参见图4A,构造400的外层410(顶层和底层)能与芯层420分离。图5示出了实施例1的构造500的SEM,包括外层510、530和设置在外层510、530之间的芯层520。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。参见图4B,可看到开孔泡沫芯层420,其中外表层410被移除。
比较例3:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表比较例3的详情制备的比较例3(CE3)生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
比较例4:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表比较例4的详情制备的比较例4(CE4)生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
实施例2:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表实施例2的详情制备的实施例2生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
实施例3:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表实施例3的详情制备的实施例3生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
实施例4:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表实施例4的详情制备的实施例4生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
实施例5:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表实施例5的详情制备的实施例5生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。参见图6,示出了与外层分离之后的构造600的芯层620。
实施例6:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表实施例6的详情制备的实施例6生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
实施例7:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表实施例7的详情制备的实施例7生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
实施例8:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS,在380℉至410℉(193℃至210℃)的温度范围内加工PLA。根据上表实施例8的详情制备的实施例8生产PLA表层可容易地从SEBS泡沫芯分层的样本。参见图7,构造700的外层710(顶层和底层)能与芯层720分离。在将PLA表层从SEBS泡沫芯剥离之后,用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
比较例4:
在350℉至380℉(176℃至193℃)的温度范围内挤出SEBS。关闭顶层和底层挤出机以生产根据上表比较例4(CE4)的详情的单层膜。用GURLEY型号4110N密度计测量空气通量。
空气通量结果:
实施例编号: | 空气通量(L/m<sup>2</sup>*hr*psi) | 样本厚度(mm) |
CE1 | 0 | 3.10 |
1 | 5790 | 0.74 |
CE2 | 0 | 1.13 |
CE3 | 0 | 0.78 |
2 | 8190 | 0.45 |
3 | 36000 | 0.5 |
4 | 142000 | 0.45 |
5 | 81900 | 1.23 |
6 | 38500 | 0.49 |
7 | 63400 | 0.60 |
8 | 162000 | 0.85 |
CE4 | 2550 | 1.13 |
泡孔纵横比结果:
样品 | 泡孔纵横比 |
1 | 1.99 |
5 | 1.37 |
8 | 1.93 |
在未脱离本公开的实质和范围的情况下,本领域普通技术人员可以实践本公开的其它修改和变型,本公开的实质和范围在附随的权利要求书中更具体地示出。应当理解,各种实施方案的方面可整体地或部分地与各种实施方案的其它方面互换或结合。
以上获得专利证书的申请中所有引用的参考文献、专利或专利申请全文以一致的方式通过引用并入本文中。在并入的参考文献部分与本申请之间存在不一致或矛盾的情况下,应以前述说明中的信息为准。为了使本领域的普通技术人员能够实践受权利要求书保护的本公开而给出的前述说明不应理解为是对本公开范围的限制,本公开的范围由权利要求书及其所有等同形式限定。
Claims (21)
1.一种泡沫组合物,所述泡沫组合物包含:
开孔泡沫热塑性基质材料;以及
填料组分,基于所述热塑性基质材料的总重量,所述填料组分以20重量百分比(重量%)或更大的量存在,
其中所述泡沫的平均泡孔纵横比为2.5或更小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述填料组分为无机填料。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述填料组分包含霞石正长岩。
4.一种泡沫组合物,所述泡沫组合物包含:开孔泡沫热塑性基质材料;以及填料组分,基于所述热塑性基质材料的总重量,所述填料组分以20重量%或更大的量存在,其中所述填料组分包含霞石正长岩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的泡沫组合物,其中全部填料组分的10重量%或更大、25重量%或更大或者50重量%或更大为霞石正长岩。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述填料组分包含或还包含碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、滑石、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化锌、勃姆石、无定形二氧化硅、二氧化钛、高岭石、方解石、偏硅酸钙、硫酸钙、粘土、飞灰或它们的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中基于所述热塑性基质材料的总重量,所述填料组分以至多60重量%的量存在。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述热塑性基质材料包含断裂伸长率为至少110%、130%、150%或200%的热塑性聚合物。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,其中所述热塑性基质材料包含热塑性聚合物,所述热塑性聚合物包括氢化苯乙烯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯聚合物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯乙烯丙烯苯乙烯聚合物或它们的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,所述泡沫组合物具有0.3克每立方厘米(g/cc)至0.7g/cc或0.4g/cc至0.6g/cc的密度。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的泡沫组合物,所述泡沫组合物具有3000L/m2*h*psi或更大的格利空气通量。
12.一种制备泡沫组合物的方法,所述方法包括:
a)获得包含第一热塑性聚合物的复合材料,所述第一热塑性聚合物具有分布在其中的填料组分和发泡剂;
b)将所述复合材料与第二热塑性聚合物和第三热塑性聚合物共挤出以形成三层组合物,所述三层组合物包括设置在第一外层与第二外层之间的中间层,其中所述中间层包括由所述复合材料形成的开孔泡沫,其中所述第一外层由所述第二热塑性聚合物形成,并且所述第二外层由所述第三热塑性聚合物形成,并且
其中所述第一热塑性聚合物不同于所述第二热塑性聚合物和所述第三热塑性聚合物中的每一者;以及
c)将所述中间层与所述第一外层和所述第二外层中的每一者分离,从而形成所述泡沫组合物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂包括化学发泡剂。
14.根据权利要求12或权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂包括物理发泡剂。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的方法,其中所述发泡剂包括包封的化学发泡剂。
16.根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的方法,其中通过将所述第一外层和所述第二外层中的每一者从所述中间层剥离来使所述第一外层和所述第二外层与所述中间层分离。
17.根据权利要求12至16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一外层从设置在比挤出所述中间层的挤出机更高的温度下的挤出机挤出。
18.根据权利要求12至17中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第二热塑性聚合物与所述第一热塑性聚合物不混溶。
19.一种泡沫组合物,所述泡沫组合物是通过根据权利要求12至18中任一项所述的方法形成的。
20.一种聚合物膜,所述聚合物膜包括:
第一热塑性弹性体层,所述第一热塑性弹性体层包含根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的泡沫组合物。
21.一种组件,所述组件包括:
根据权利要求20所述的聚合物膜;以及
基底;
其中所述聚合物膜的第一主表面粘附到所述基底。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201862730656P | 2018-09-13 | 2018-09-13 | |
US62/730,656 | 2018-09-13 | ||
US201862783578P | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | |
US62/783,578 | 2018-12-21 | ||
PCT/IB2019/057732 WO2020053826A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2019-09-13 | Foam compositions and methods of making same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112639002A true CN112639002A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
Family
ID=69777896
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201980057498.6A Pending CN112639002A (zh) | 2018-09-13 | 2019-09-13 | 泡沫组合物及其制备方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US20210317279A1 (zh) |
EP (4) | EP3849801A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN112639002A (zh) |
CA (3) | CA3112623A1 (zh) |
WO (4) | WO2020056238A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2023204216A1 (zh) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-10-26 | ||
US20240133180A1 (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-04-25 | GAF Energy LLC | Roofing materials and related methods |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060182947A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Azdel, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite including mineral fillers |
CN101115790A (zh) * | 2004-10-20 | 2008-01-30 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 包含聚合物和硅橡胶的组合物 |
US20100218932A1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2010-09-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Thermally conducting foam interface materials |
CN104769028A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-07-08 | 莫塞尔挤出有限责任公司 | 形成聚合物泡沫的方法及相关泡沫制品 |
US20160288455A1 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | Yung-Teng LEE | Multi-layered thermoplastic elastomer foam and process for manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA75470B (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1976-01-28 | J Dukees | Process and apparatus for the manufacture of plastic sandwich elements |
US5100715A (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1992-03-31 | Gs Roofing Products Company, Inc. | Fire resistant roofing system |
EP0488038A3 (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1993-01-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Composite film structures and articles made therefrom |
US5252694A (en) | 1992-01-22 | 1993-10-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Energy-polymerization adhesive, coating, film and process for making the same |
US5234963A (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1993-08-10 | Gaia Research | Production of encapsulated chemical foaming concentrates |
US5939464A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1999-08-17 | Advanced Elastomer Systems, L.P. | High elasticity foams |
JP2002172643A (ja) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-18 | Asahi Kasei Corp | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物による成形品とその射出成形方法 |
US20020076554A1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composite laminate for personal care product and method of making |
KR100854233B1 (ko) * | 2001-08-06 | 2008-08-25 | 가부시키가이샤 유포 코포레숀 | 광반사체 |
US7358282B2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2008-04-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Low-density, open-cell, soft, flexible, thermoplastic, absorbent foam and method of making foam |
JP2006052262A (ja) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-23 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡シート |
US20060213600A1 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-09-28 | Microcell Composite Company | Open-cell foam manufacturing method for composite thermoplastic elastomer materials with a sandwich structure |
US20070099531A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Efremova Nadezhda V | Foam fastening system that includes a surface modifier |
JP4899421B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2012-03-21 | 東ソー株式会社 | 発泡体 |
US7501184B2 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2009-03-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide copolymers |
DK1985775T3 (da) * | 2007-04-25 | 2010-12-13 | Iko Europ | Fleksibelt toplag og tagmembran eller tagspån, der inkorporerer samme |
MX2010002465A (es) * | 2007-09-19 | 2010-03-26 | Henkel Ag & Co Kgaa | Materiales y expansibles altamente amortiguable y dispositivos. |
CN101827911B (zh) * | 2007-10-16 | 2013-03-27 | 松本油脂制药株式会社 | 热膨胀性微球,其制备方法及其应用 |
US8217090B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-07-10 | Synztec Co., Ltd. | Elastomer porous material and method of producing the same |
CL2008003701A1 (es) * | 2008-01-11 | 2009-05-08 | Nova Chem Inc | Método para producir un artículo de material compuesto espumado de fibra celulósica-termoplástico. |
JP5594938B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-26 | 2014-09-24 | 日東電工株式会社 | 微細セル構造を有する発泡防水材 |
JP5464461B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-14 | 2014-04-09 | シヤチハタ株式会社 | 連続気泡を有する多孔質ゴム印材とその製造方法 |
DE102008038522A1 (de) * | 2008-08-20 | 2010-02-25 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Kunststoffverbundformteil im Drei-Schicht-Aufbau |
EP2519563B1 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2013-11-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide copolymers |
JP5792950B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-15 | 2015-10-14 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | ポリスチレン系樹脂積層発泡シート |
JP5697461B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-17 | 2015-04-08 | ユニチカ株式会社 | ポリエステルフィルム、および感光性樹脂構造体 |
JP5591159B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | ポリスチレン系多孔性フィルム |
JP5755934B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-13 | 2015-07-29 | 株式会社ジェイエスピー | ポリオレフィン系樹脂積層発泡体の製造方法、及びポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体の製造方法 |
JP6131538B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-10 | 2017-05-24 | シヤチハタ株式会社 | 多孔質印材およびその製造方法およびスタンプ |
KR20150079726A (ko) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-07-08 | 베리 플라스틱스 코포레이션 | 단열 용기용 고분자 재료 |
CN106459464B (zh) * | 2014-04-17 | 2019-04-30 | 益瑞石滑石欧洲公司 | 包含无机粒状填料的聚合物类泡沫组合物 |
KR102465303B1 (ko) | 2014-12-22 | 2022-11-10 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 | 폴리락트산 중합체, 폴리비닐 아세테이트 중합체 및 가소제를 포함하는 조성물 및 필름 |
CA3009725C (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2021-04-06 | Redeahold Apeldoorn B.V. | Construction material |
KR102436691B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-02 | 2022-08-25 | 이메리스 필트레이션 미네랄즈, 인크. | 발포제와 광물 사이의 표면 상호작용의 조정에 의한 제어된 폴리머 발포 |
KR102338525B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-30 | 2021-12-14 | 신에쓰 가가꾸 고교 가부시끼가이샤 | 밀러블형 실리콘 고무 조성물, 밀러블형 실리콘 고무 스펀지 및 해당 스펀지의 제조 방법 |
WO2018022495A1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multilayer films and adhesive tapes |
BR112019011570A2 (pt) * | 2016-12-10 | 2019-10-22 | Cooper Standard Automotive Inc | blenda de elastômero de poliolefina reticulado por um silano, e, método para fabricar um artigo elastomérico. |
-
2019
- 2019-09-13 EP EP19860084.3A patent/EP3849801A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-09-13 WO PCT/US2019/050987 patent/WO2020056238A1/en unknown
- 2019-09-13 US US17/267,557 patent/US20210317279A1/en active Pending
- 2019-09-13 WO PCT/US2019/050992 patent/WO2020056243A1/en unknown
- 2019-09-13 CN CN201980057498.6A patent/CN112639002A/zh active Pending
- 2019-09-13 CA CA3112623A patent/CA3112623A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-09-13 US US17/274,839 patent/US20220048231A1/en active Pending
- 2019-09-13 WO PCT/IB2019/057732 patent/WO2020053826A1/en unknown
- 2019-09-13 CA CA3112472A patent/CA3112472A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-09-13 EP EP19860444.9A patent/EP3849802A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-09-13 US US17/274,845 patent/US20220055263A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-09-13 EP EP19861068.5A patent/EP3850036A4/en active Pending
- 2019-09-13 WO PCT/US2019/050997 patent/WO2020056245A1/en unknown
- 2019-09-13 CA CA3112626A patent/CA3112626A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-09-13 US US17/274,851 patent/US20220055264A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-09-13 EP EP19860625.3A patent/EP3849803A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100218932A1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2010-09-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Thermally conducting foam interface materials |
CN101115790A (zh) * | 2004-10-20 | 2008-01-30 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 包含聚合物和硅橡胶的组合物 |
US20060182947A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Azdel, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite including mineral fillers |
CN104769028A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-07-08 | 莫塞尔挤出有限责任公司 | 形成聚合物泡沫的方法及相关泡沫制品 |
US20160288455A1 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | Yung-Teng LEE | Multi-layered thermoplastic elastomer foam and process for manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20220055263A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
CA3112623A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
EP3849803A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
WO2020053826A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
WO2020056245A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
US20220048231A1 (en) | 2022-02-17 |
WO2020056238A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
EP3850036A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
EP3849802A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
EP3849801A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
EP3849803A4 (en) | 2022-07-13 |
EP3849802A4 (en) | 2022-07-27 |
EP3850036A4 (en) | 2022-09-14 |
US20220055264A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
US20210317279A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
CA3112626A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
EP3849801A4 (en) | 2022-07-13 |
WO2020056243A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
CA3112472A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN112639002A (zh) | 泡沫组合物及其制备方法 | |
JP2016521784A5 (zh) | ||
EP3023454B1 (en) | Polyolefin resin foam particles, foam-particle moulded body, and composite stacked body including said moulded body | |
TW201114816A (en) | Expanded polypropylene resin beads and expanded bead molding | |
JP2012140006A (ja) | エラストマー性積層体およびその製造方法 | |
JP2009145694A (ja) | 車両用吸音基材及びその製造方法 | |
WO2021195545A1 (en) | Coextruded, crosslinked multilayer polyolefin foam structures with crosslinked, polyolefin cap layers and methods of making the same | |
JP5653713B2 (ja) | 透水性フィルムおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2020152051A (ja) | 繊維強化中空材料及び繊維強化中空材料の製造方法 | |
JP6539612B2 (ja) | ポリアミド系樹脂発泡シート、積層シート、発泡成形品、及び、ポリアミド系樹脂発泡シートの製造方法 | |
JP5564322B2 (ja) | 透水性フィルムおよびその製造方法 | |
JP5705605B2 (ja) | ポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔シート及びポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔シートの製造方法 | |
JP4949728B2 (ja) | 発泡成形用樹脂組成物、およびこれから得られる成形体 | |
JPWO2019208810A1 (ja) | コンポジットプリプレグ及びコンポジット積層体 | |
JP4058668B2 (ja) | フッ素樹脂の硬質多孔質成形体 | |
JP2020131694A (ja) | 延伸多孔積層フィルム | |
JP2018126936A (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム及びその製造方法 | |
JP2022057468A (ja) | 熱可塑性樹脂発泡粒子、熱可塑性樹脂発泡粒子成形体、発泡樹脂複合体、熱可塑性樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法及び熱可塑性樹脂発泡粒子成形体の製造方法 | |
WO2005095499A1 (ja) | ガスバリア性の改善された透明な生分解性樹脂延伸フィルム及び樹脂製品 | |
KR101928235B1 (ko) | 공압출 방법을 이용한 다층 경량 샌드위치 구조물의 제조방법과 이에 의해 제조된 다층 경량 샌드위치 구조물 | |
TW201137000A (en) | Biaxially oriented porous membranes, composites, and methods of manufacture and use | |
JP7214978B2 (ja) | 延伸多孔フィルム | |
JP2007131766A (ja) | ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡シート、ポリプロピレン系樹脂積層発泡シートおよびそれらを熱成形して得られる容器 | |
JP2007308724A (ja) | フッ素樹脂の硬質多孔質成形体 | |
JP2006110912A (ja) | 多層表皮材及びそれを積層した内装材用積層体 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |