CN112637962A - Bluetooth gateway optimization method applied to feeding environment monitoring - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a Bluetooth gateway optimization method applied to feeding environment monitoring. The method comprises a data priority queue queuing mechanism, a buffer queue management method and a sampling frequency self-adaptive mechanism. The method preferentially sends key information which has the greatest influence on the monitoring effect through a queue mechanism and a cache management method, and applies a feedback mechanism to perform adaptive control on the sampling period of the node in combination with the abnormal degree of the monitoring parameter. The method obviously shortens the transmission time delay of the key information, greatly reduces the packet loss rate and improves the real-time performance and the reliability of data transmission. Compared with the traditional method, the method is more suitable for monitoring the livestock and poultry raising environment with various parameter types and complex environment changes, the abnormal data is processed more timely and effectively, and the loss caused by environment mutation is reduced.

Description

Bluetooth gateway optimization method applied to feeding environment monitoring

The invention discloses a Bluetooth gateway optimization method applied to feeding environment monitoring, and belongs to the field of wireless communication.

Bluetooth is a radio technology supporting short-distance communication of devices, and has the characteristics of low power consumption, low radiation and low cost. Bluetooth low energy technology has been widely used in people's daily production and life, such as message push, indoor positioning, and wireless sensor network.

In the field of wireless sensor networks, a Bluetooth gateway adopts a star structure to perform networking on a plurality of sensor nodes carrying Bluetooth equipment, so that the power in the data transmission process can be minimized. When the distance between the gateway and the server is far, the transmission between the cache data in the gateway and the server is realized by utilizing long-distance communication protocols such as Wi-Fi and the like. The Bluetooth gateway has the advantages of flexible networking, low power consumption and strong robustness, and is widely applied to the fields of auxiliary livestock production, environmental parameter monitoring and the like.

Research shows that most of main diseases of livestock such as pigs, cows and the like are closely related to the feeding environment, so that monitoring and improving the feeding environment play a vital role in controlling the diseases of the livestock. The change trend of illuminance, humiture, ammonia and carbon dioxide in real-time supervision feeding environment, monitoring fan state and rolling up the curtain state simultaneously can in time discover and reply environmental change and make effective control.

The prior art is applied to the bluetooth gateway of feeding environment monitoring and has the following technical problems:

due to the limitation of the communication efficiency of bluetooth point-to-multipoint, when a bluetooth gateway is connected to 8 or more devices, the situation of gateway storage data overflow, data loss and the like due to high data concurrency problem needs to be designed to store data to be forwarded to a server in a cache queue.

In feeding environment monitoring, a plurality of types of sensors use uniform data sampling frequency and are difficult to adapt to actual requirements, and the sampling frequency needs to be dynamically adjusted to master the monitoring effect in real time.

The remote communication mechanism of the current bluetooth technology needs to apply a retransmission mechanism to reduce the packet loss rate due to high network complexity, network congestion and various network faults, which also means that a buffer queue of a gateway faces the situation of steep data volume increase due to continuous retransmission, and meanwhile, network overhead caused by retransmission can cause time delay increase. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a bluetooth gateway optimization method, which reduces delay of delay sensitive information and improves real-time performance of bluetooth data transmission while ensuring reliability of data communication.

In view of the problems in the bluetooth gateway design, the present invention aims to apply a priority queue and a feedback mechanism to the bluetooth gateway construction process in the breeding environment monitoring, and provides a bluetooth gateway optimization method applied to the breeding environment monitoring.

The invention relates to a Bluetooth gateway optimization method applied to feeding environment monitoring, which comprises the following steps:

(1) a data priority queue queuing mechanism: a sort mechanism is used to assign priorities based on parameter type and value anomaly level for data transmitted to multiple types of sensors in a Bluetooth gateway. The sequencing mechanism is that for data frames requiring low time-delay, the gateway allocates high priority to the data frames and stores the data frames into a cache queue, and the gateway forwards information to the server in sequence according to the sequence from high priority to low priority.

(2) The buffer queue management method comprises the following steps: and when the buffer queue is full, deleting the data with low priority and high redundancy, and buffering the current data into the queue. And the priority is to calculate the priority of the data, compare the priority of the data with the priority of the existing data in the cache queue and delete the data with the lowest priority in the cache queue. The data with higher redundancy means that the data is the same as the data part at the adjacent moment, and the more the same parts, the higher the redundancy.

(3) A sampling frequency self-adaptive mechanism: and judging a threshold value of multi-parameter data transmitted to the Bluetooth gateway by a node, determining a sensor sampling frequency according to the abnormal degree of the parameters, sending feedback information to the node, and realizing self-adaptive control on the sampling frequency of the node sensor. The feedback information is a data frame including the node number and the acquisition period value.

Further, the content (1) comprises the steps of:

1) the method comprises the following steps that a developer carries out priority division on feeding environment parameter types needing to be monitored, high priority is distributed to parameter types with low time delay and high reliability requirements, a threshold value is set for a sensor acquisition parameter value, and if the parameter types exceed the threshold value and are set to be high priority, the value is set to be low priority in a normal range;

2) the gateway sets a priority for the data frame according to the parameter type priority and the numerical priority and stores the priority into a priority queue;

3) the gateway sends the data frames in the priority queue in sequence from high to low according to the priority, and simultaneously creates an overtime timer for waiting for the server to return the timing of the data frames of the confirmation message;

4) the gateway receives the confirmation message, deletes the sent data in the priority queue and deletes the timer at the same time;

5) if the gateway does not receive the confirmation message after the timeout, the retransmission operation is executed, and the same data frame is retransmitted for 5 times at most.

Further, the content (2) comprises the steps of:

1) after receiving a data frame and setting a priority for the data frame, the Bluetooth gateway reads the length of a buffer queue and judges whether the buffer queue is full;

2) when the cache queue is full, performing priority sequencing on all data in the cache queue, and deleting the data with the lowest priority; when more than one piece of data with the lowest priority exists, deleting the data with higher redundancy;

3) and storing the currently received data into a buffer queue.

Further, the content (3) comprises the steps of:

1) the gateway compares values acquired by various types of sensors with a set threshold value, and is used for determining the abnormal degree of the parameters;

2) distributing a sampling period value to a terminal node according to the abnormal degree of the parameter, and storing the sampling period value into an array corresponding to the node;

3) and packing the node number and the sampling period value suggested by the gateway, and sending the node number and the sampling period value to the node.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

firstly, the invention applies a priority queue and a feedback mechanism to the design of the Bluetooth gateway in the feeding environment monitoring, and preferentially sends the key information which has the greatest influence on the monitoring effect. The design greatly reduces the transmission delay of key information by using an intelligent decision mode, and improves the real-time performance and reliability of data transmission.

Secondly, aiming at the problem of data congestion when a gateway connects a plurality of nodes, a buffer queue management method is introduced, and when the queue is full, data with the lowest priority and higher redundancy in the queue is selected to be deleted and stored into the current latest data. The system packet loss rate is reduced to the maximum extent, and the integrity and the continuity of key information are ensured.

Thirdly, the sensitivity of monitoring parameters in the feeding environment is different along with the change of time, and for the parameters needing frequent monitoring under abnormal conditions, the sampling period of the nodes is adaptively regulated and controlled through a feedback mechanism. Compared with the traditional gateway design method, the method is more timely and effective in processing the abnormal data, and greatly reduces the loss caused by the sudden change of the environment.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the data frame queuing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the feedback mechanism of the present invention.

The following detailed description is provided to explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the embodiments in detail, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.

The original Bluetooth gateway design realizes the transmission of sensor data from a node to a server side and the transmission of feedback information from the gateway to a corresponding node. The invention provides a Bluetooth gateway optimization method applied to feeding environment monitoring, which is shown in figure 1: temperature and humidity, illumination intensity, carbon dioxide and ammonia gas sensors are arranged in the pigsty, sampling data are transmitted to the gateway through Bluetooth, and the gateway processes the data and remotely transmits the data to the server through Wi-Fi. And the gateway prioritizes the data and places the data in a buffer queue, and deletes the data with the lowest priority and higher redundancy in the queue when the queue is full. The gateway applies a feedback mechanism to adaptively regulate and control the sampling period of the node and sends feedback information to the corresponding node through Bluetooth.

Taking a Bluetooth gateway for monitoring the live pig feeding environment as an embodiment, the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1: and designing a data priority queue queuing mechanism. After the data frame reaches the Bluetooth gateway, the gateway analyzes the content of the data frame, analyzes the data parameter type, judges whether the numerical value exceeds a threshold value, respectively allocates the type and the priority of the numerical value for the data, calculates the priority and places the priority in a priority queue. The working mechanism of the priority queue is to sequentially send information with the priority from high to low in the queue, and for the information with low requirement on time delay, assign high priority to the information to ensure the timely transmission of the information.

In the embodiment, live pig feeding is taken as an example, and the parameters sampled in the embodiment comprise temperature and humidity, illumination intensity, ammonia gas and carbon dioxide. Temperature, humidity and illumination intensity are important parameters for guaranteeing the raising environment of the swinery, ammonia and carbon dioxide are harmful gases generated by the swinery, and the influence of parameter change on live pigs is the largest. The embodiment allocates priority to the parameter types according to the importance degree of the parameters on the pig raising environment, divides ammonia gas and carbon dioxide into the highest priority, allocates the next highest priority parameter to the illumination intensity, allocates the higher priority, allocates the temperature and humidity to the lowest priority, and correspondingly allocates the lower priority. A parameter threshold value is preset in the gateway, the part exceeding the threshold value is divided into a plurality of gears, and the priority is distributed to the parameter value according to the principle that the more the exceeding is and the higher the priority is.

The priority calculation method is that the priority is calculated in a weighted average mode according to Parameter Type Priority (PTP) and parameter numerical value priority (PNP), the gateway firstly distributes the priority for data frame information after receiving a data frame each time, and the priority (P) is calculated by taking the following formula:

P＝(1-α)×PTP+α×PNP

PTP represents the type priority of parameters contained in the current data frame, and PNP represents the numerical priority of the current data. The value of alpha is the weight of the priority of the parameter value, generally between 0 and 1, if the value of alpha is close to 0, the key information for monitoring the pig raising environment mainly depends on the parameter type, if the value of alpha is close to 1, the change of the parameter value possibly has great influence on the monitoring effect, and the value of alpha generally recommended here is 0.125.

Further, the specific process of enqueuing and dequeuing of the data frame priority queue queuing mechanism is shown in fig. 2, after a node successfully sends a data frame to the bluetooth gateway, the gateway analyzes the content of the data frame, determines PTP and PNP according to the parameter type and the parameter value, calculates the priority of the data frame according to the formula, and places the priority in the priority queue. And after the gateway establishes connection with the server, sending data with the highest priority in a priority queue, simultaneously creating a waiting reply timer, and if the gateway does not receive a confirmation message returned by the server after timeout, retransmitting the message until the transmission is successful. The specific process is as follows:

1) the method comprises the following steps that developers prioritize pig raising environment parameter types to be monitored, and set threshold values for sensor sampling parameter values;

2) the gateway analyzes the data frame, gives parameter type priority and parameter value priority, selects weight alpha, calculates the priority of the data frame, and stores the priority into a priority queue;

3) the gateway establishes connection with the server, sends a data frame with the highest priority in the queue, establishes an overtime timer at the same time, and waits for the server to return timing of a data frame of a confirmation message;

4) the gateway receives the confirmation message, deletes the sent data in the priority queue and deletes the timer at the same time;

5) if the confirmation message is not received after the timeout, the retransmission operation is executed, and the same data frame is retransmitted for 5 times at most.

Step 2: designing a buffer queue management method. According to the method, after transmission failure of data due to high network complexity or network congestion in the transmission process, the Bluetooth gateway starts an automatic retransmission mechanism, and the nodes continuously transmit new data to the gateway according to the sampling frequency, so that more and more data in the cache queue can be obtained within a period of time.

The method for managing the buffer queue selects to delete the data with the lowest priority and higher redundancy in the queue when the queue is full, and stores the current latest data. The loss rate of the system packet loss is reduced, and the key information can be ensured not to be lost. The specific process is as follows:

1) after receiving a data frame and setting a priority for the data frame, the Bluetooth gateway reads the length of a cache queue and judges whether the cache queue is full;

2) if the buffer queue is not full, storing the data frame;

3) when the cache queue is full, performing priority sequencing on all data in the cache queue, and deleting the data with the lowest priority; when more than one piece of data with the lowest priority exists, judging the redundancy of the data, and deleting the data with higher redundancy;

4) and storing the currently received data into the buffer queue.

And step 3: and designing a sampling frequency self-adaptive mechanism. In the environmental monitoring of the embodiment, the cycle of collecting the temperature, humidity and illumination intensity is 30 minutes, and the cycle of collecting the ammonia gas and the carbon dioxide is 15 minutes. When the monitored parameter content exceeds the threshold value, intervention measures are immediately taken, the sampling frequency is increased, and the change of the abnormal parameters is monitored in real time.

The adaptive sampling frequency control mechanism of the invention is shown in fig. 3, and is used for judging the threshold value of multi-parameter data transmitted to a Bluetooth gateway by a node, determining the sampling frequency of a sensor according to the abnormal degree of the parameters, sending feedback information to a specific node and realizing adaptive control on the sampling frequency of the current node sensor. The specific process is as follows:

1) the gateway compares the values acquired by various sensors with a set threshold value and different gears exceeding the threshold value, and is used for determining the abnormal degree of the current parameters;

2) distributing a sampling period value to the terminal node according to the abnormal degree of the parameter, wherein the more the parameter exceeds the threshold value, the shorter the sampling period is, and the sampling period value is stored in an array corresponding to the node;

3) and taking out the latest sampling period value corresponding to the node from the array, packing the node number and the sampling period value suggested by the gateway, and sending the packed value to the node.

The present embodiment provides a description of a specific implementation method of the invention in combination with the environment, and the method is consistent with the method in the invention.

In summary, the advantages of the invention are as follows:

the priority queue and the feedback mechanism are applied to the design of the Bluetooth gateway in the feeding environment monitoring, the key information which has the greatest influence on the monitoring effect is sent preferentially, the transmission delay of the key information is reduced, and the real-time performance and the reliability of data transmission are improved; a buffer queue management method is introduced, so that the system packet loss rate is reduced to the greatest extent, and the integrity and the continuity of key information are ensured; for parameters needing to be monitored frequently under abnormal conditions, the sampling period of the node is regulated and controlled in a self-adaptive mode through a feedback mechanism. The method is more timely and effective in processing abnormal data, and can greatly reduce economic loss caused by environmental mutation to live pig feeding.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various steps of the embodiments may be implemented in hardware, or as software modules running on one or more processors, or as a combination thereof.

Although the embodiments have been described, once the basic inventive concept is obtained, other variations and modifications of these embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art, so that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the contents of the present specification and drawings, or any other related technical fields, which are directly or indirectly applied thereto, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A Bluetooth gateway optimization method applied to feeding environment monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) a data priority queue queuing mechanism: a sort mechanism is used to assign priorities based on parameter type and value anomaly level for data transmitted to multiple types of sensors in a Bluetooth gateway. The sequencing mechanism is that for data frames requiring low time-delay, the gateway allocates high priority to the data frames and stores the data frames into a cache queue, and the gateway forwards information to the server in sequence according to the sequence from high priority to low priority.

(2) The buffer queue management method comprises the following steps: and when the buffer queue is full, deleting the data with low priority and high redundancy, and buffering the current data into the queue. And the priority is to calculate the priority of the data, compare the priority of the data with the priority of the existing data in the cache queue and delete the data with the lowest priority in the cache queue. The data with higher redundancy means that the data is the same as the data part at the adjacent moment, and the more the same parts, the higher the redundancy.

(3) A sampling frequency self-adaptive mechanism: and judging a threshold value of multi-parameter data transmitted to the Bluetooth gateway by a node, determining a sensor sampling frequency according to the abnormal degree of the parameters, sending feedback information to the node, and realizing self-adaptive control on the sampling frequency of the node sensor. The feedback information is a data frame including the node number and the acquisition period value.

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