CN112629833B - Load acquisition method and device - Google Patents
Load acquisition method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112629833B CN112629833B CN201910912771.0A CN201910912771A CN112629833B CN 112629833 B CN112629833 B CN 112629833B CN 201910912771 A CN201910912771 A CN 201910912771A CN 112629833 B CN112629833 B CN 112629833B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a load acquisition method and a load acquisition device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of the part to be tested; the method comprises the steps of installing a part to be measured, which is attached with a strain gauge, in a standard force measuring machine for calibration, and calculating a force-strain conversion matrix; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge; measuring the target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in the running working condition; the part to be tested, which is attached with the strain gauge, is pre-installed on the vehicle; and calculating the load of the part to be tested according to the target strain and the conversion matrix. The load of the parts can be collected without damaging the parts or modifying the parts, so that the distortion is avoided, and the accuracy and the economy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile testing, in particular to a load acquisition method and device.
Background
In the whole vehicle development process, the load of parts is often used for analysis and evaluation of vehicle part strength, fatigue and vibration noise analysis.
At present, in order to obtain the load of the parts, the parts are generally broken, and then the force sensor is installed in the middle of the parts for collection. However, in this way the component itself must be destroyed, which causes a distortion problem for the load and requires the manufacture of complex connecting means for connecting the force sensor and the component.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a load acquisition method and apparatus. The technical proposal is as follows:
a load acquisition method, the method comprising:
determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of the part to be tested;
The part to be measured, which is attached with the strain gauge, is mounted in a standard force measuring machine for calibration, and a conversion matrix of force and strain is calculated; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge;
measuring a target strain amount of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in an operating condition; wherein the part to be tested, to which the strain gauge is attached, is pre-mounted on a vehicle;
and calculating the load of the part to be tested according to the target strain quantity and the conversion matrix.
Preferably, the determining the mounting position of the strain gauge of the part to be measured includes:
And selecting the position of the part to be tested, the strain sensitivity of which meets the specified condition, as the mounting position of the strain gauge.
Preferably, the calibration is performed by installing the part to be measured with the strain gauge attached to a standard force measuring machine, and the calculating of the conversion matrix of force and strain includes:
applying target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested, which is attached with the strain gauge, through a standard force measuring machine;
measuring the amount of strain produced by the strain gauge under the action of the target force in each direction;
calculating the unit force strain of the part to be tested in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain quantity;
A force-to-strain conversion matrix is determined using the unit force strain in the at least one direction.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
A load spectrum is generated based on the load.
A load acquisition device, the device comprising:
The determining module is used for determining the mounting position of the strain gauge of the part to be tested;
The first calculation module is used for calibrating by installing the part to be measured, which is stuck with the strain gauge, in a standard force measuring machine, and calculating a conversion matrix of force and strain; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge;
The measuring module is used for measuring the target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in the running working condition; wherein the part to be tested, to which the strain gauge is attached, is pre-mounted on a vehicle;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain quantity and the conversion matrix.
Preferably, the determining module is specifically configured to:
And selecting the position of the part to be tested, the strain sensitivity of which meets the specified condition, as the mounting position of the strain gauge.
Preferably, the first computing module is specifically configured to:
Applying target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested, which is attached with the strain gauge, through a standard force measuring machine; measuring the amount of strain produced by the strain gauge under the action of the target force in each direction; calculating the unit force strain of the part to be tested in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain quantity; a force-to-strain conversion matrix is determined using the unit force strain in the at least one direction.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:
And the generating module is used for generating a load spectrum based on the load.
According to the load acquisition method and device provided by the invention, the strain gauge can be attached to the part to be measured according to the determined mounting position of the strain gauge, the conversion matrix of the calculated force and the strain is calibrated through the standard force measuring machine, and finally the load of the part to be measured is calculated by combining the target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle runs. The load of the parts can be collected without damaging the parts or modifying the parts, so that the distortion is avoided, and the accuracy and the economy are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for load acquisition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an example of a part to be tested;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Cartesian orthogonal coordinate system;
FIG. 4 is a partial flow chart of a load acquisition method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another method of load acquisition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a load acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of a load collecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a load acquisition method, a method flow chart of which is shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
S10, determining the mounting position of the strain gauge of the part to be tested.
In the process of executing step S10, the mounting position of the strain gauge on the part to be measured, that is, the strain gauge mounting position may be specified in advance by the user. In this embodiment, in order to accurately collect the strain signal of the part to be measured, the position of the part to be measured, where the strain sensitivity meets the specified condition, may be selected as the mounting position of the strain gauge through CAE analysis.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the midpoint of the bolt of the part to be tested, namely the position denoted by the reference numeral 1, is used as a load loading point, and by applying a unit force in at least one direction to the load loading point, the total strain of each part of the part to be tested bracket is obtained, and the position with relatively large strain, such as the positions denoted by the reference numerals 10, 11, 12 and 13 in fig. 2, is selected as the strain gauge mounting position. In practical applications, a position where the strain exceeds a certain threshold may be selected, a position where a certain number of strains are maximum may be selected, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.
The direction of the unit force applied by the load loading point when determining the mounting position of the strain gage and the direction of the unit force/target force applied by the component to be measured when calculating the force-strain conversion matrix may be identical or different, or may be partially identical, which is not limited in this embodiment, and may be set in combination with actual requirements.
S20, installing the part to be measured, which is attached with the strain gauge, in a standard force measuring machine for calibration, and calculating a force-strain conversion matrix; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge.
In the process of executing the step S20, n strain gages are attached to the part to be measured according to the strain gage mounting positions determined in the step S10, and the part to be measured with the n strain gages attached is mounted in a standard force measuring machine. And applying unit force in at least one direction to the part to be tested through a standard force measuring machine, and taking the strain quantity generated by the strain gauge under the action of the unit force in each direction as unit force strain, namely the strain quantity under the action of the unit force.
It should be noted that the at least one direction may be a direction of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system. As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system comprising six directions, specifically three translational directions x, y and z and three rotational directions Rx, ry and Rz. Therefore, at least one direction in this embodiment is any one of the six directions described above.
It is to be understood that the cartesian coordinate system is merely exemplary of the directions, and that other directions not listed are also within the scope of the application.
The following description will be made by taking at least one direction as three translational directions x, y and z of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system as an example:
the strain amount of the strain gauge under the action of the x-direction unit force is assumed to be The amount of strain generated under the action of the unit force in the y direction is/>The amount of strain generated under the action of the unit force in the z direction is/>The strain produced by the strain gauge under the action of the three-way unit force is as follows:
Wherein ε i1 represents the strain amount of the ith strain gauge under the action of the x-direction unit force, ε i2 represents the strain amount of the ith strain gauge under the action of the y-direction unit force, and ε i3 represents the strain amount of the ith strain gauge under the action of the z-direction unit force.
Finally, the conversion matrix for determining the force and the strain is H= (epsilon T·ε)-1·εT).
In the specific implementation process, because the difficulty of outputting the standard unit force is high, and the strain measurement error of the strain gauge which is easy to cause due to the limited strain generated by the unit force is high, in order to improve the measurement accuracy, the step S20 "the conversion matrix for calibrating the calculation force and the strain by installing the part to be measured and attached with the strain gauge in the standard force measuring machine" may adopt the following steps, and part of the method flow chart is shown in fig. 4:
s201, applying target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested, which is attached with the strain gauge, through a standard force measuring machine.
In the process of executing step S201, n strain gauges are attached to the part to be measured according to the strain gauge attachment positions determined in step S10, the part to be measured with the n strain gauges attached is attached to a standard force measuring machine, and a target force in at least one direction is applied to the part to be measured through the standard force measuring machine. Wherein the magnitude of the target force is a multiple of the unit.
In addition, in the present embodiment, in order to improve the accuracy of the conversion matrix, the direction of the application target force can be set as much as possible. Referring to the cartesian orthogonal coordinate system shown in fig. 3, at least one direction may be set as six directions of the cartesian orthogonal coordinate system—three translational directions x, y, and z and three rotational directions Rx, ry, and Rz.
For ease of understanding, six directions of a Cartesian orthogonal coordinate system are illustrated.
The target forces in the three translational directions x, y and z and in the three rotational directions Rx, ry and Rz are F x、Fy、Fz、FRx、FRy and F Rz, respectively.
S202, measuring the strain quantity of the strain gauge under the action of target force in each direction.
For ease of understanding, the description will be continued with six directions of the cartesian orthogonal coordinate system as an example:
The amount of strain corresponding to the target force F x in the x-direction is The amount of strain corresponding to the target force F y in the y-direction is/>The amount of strain corresponding to the target force F z in the z direction is/>The amount of strain corresponding to the target force F Rx in the Rx direction is/>The amount of strain corresponding to the Ry-direction target force F Ry is/>The amount of strain corresponding to the target force F Rz in the Rz direction is/>
S203, calculating the unit force strain of the part to be tested in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain quantity.
In the process of executing step S203, the ratio of the amount of strain in one direction to the target force in that direction may be set as the unit force strain.
For ease of understanding, the description will be continued with six directions of the cartesian orthogonal coordinate system as an example:
The unit force corresponding to the x-direction target force F x becomes The unit force strain corresponding to the y-direction target force F y becomes/>The unit force corresponding to the z-direction target force F z becomes/>The unit force corresponding to the Rx direction target force F Rx becomes/>The unit force corresponding to the Ry direction target force F Ry becomesThe unit force corresponding to the Rz-direction target force F Rz becomes/>
S204, determining a force-strain conversion matrix by utilizing the unit force strain in at least one direction.
For ease of understanding, the description will be continued with six directions of the cartesian orthogonal coordinate system as an example:
The unit force strain in six directions is The force versus strain conversion matrix h= (epsilon T·ε)-1·εT).
S30, measuring the target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in the running working condition; wherein, the spare part that awaits measuring that pastes the foil gage is installed on the vehicle in advance.
In the process of executing the step S30, n strain gauges are mounted on the part to be tested according to the strain gauge mounting positions determined in the step S10, and then the part to be tested is mounted on the vehicle, and the target strain amounts of the n strain gauges during the running of the target vehicle are collectedWherein E i1 represents the target strain amount generated by the i-th strain gauge.
S40, calculating the load of the part to be tested according to the target strain quantity and the conversion matrix.
In the process of executing step S40, the load of the part to be tested is f=h·e.
In other embodiments, to present the load to the user, the method may further include the following steps, where a method flowchart of the load acquisition method is shown in fig. 5, on the basis of the load acquisition method shown in fig. 1:
S50, generating a load spectrum based on the load.
In the process of executing step S50, the load acquired at each moment is recorded, and further, a load spectrum with time as the horizontal axis and load as the vertical axis is generated and displayed on the user terminal.
According to the load acquisition method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the strain gauge can be attached to the part to be measured according to the determined mounting position of the strain gauge, the conversion matrix of the calculated force and the strain is calibrated through the standard force measuring machine, and finally the load of the part to be measured is calculated by combining the target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle runs. The load of the parts can be collected without damaging the parts or modifying the parts, so that the distortion is avoided, and the accuracy and the economy are improved.
Based on the load acquisition method provided by the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention correspondingly provides a device for executing the load acquisition method, where a schematic structural diagram of the device is shown in fig. 6, and the device includes:
A determining module 10, configured to determine a mounting position of a strain gauge of a part to be tested;
the first calculation module 20 is used for calibrating by installing the part to be measured, which is attached with the strain gauge, in a standard force measuring machine, and calculating a conversion matrix of force and strain; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge;
A measurement module 30 for measuring a target strain amount of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in an operating condition; the part to be tested, which is attached with the strain gauge, is pre-installed on the vehicle;
and the second calculation module 40 is used for calculating the load of the part to be tested according to the target strain quantity and the conversion matrix.
Optionally, the determining module 10 is specifically configured to:
And selecting the position of the part to be tested, the strain sensitivity of which meets the specified condition, as the mounting position of the strain gauge.
Optionally, the first computing module 20 is specifically configured to:
Applying a target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested, which is attached with the strain gauge, through a standard force measuring machine; measuring the strain quantity generated by the strain gauge under the action of target force in each direction; calculating the unit force strain of the part to be tested in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain quantity; the force-strain conversion matrix is determined using the unit force strain in at least one direction.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 7, the apparatus further includes:
a generation module 50 for generating a load spectrum based on the load.
According to the load acquisition device provided by the invention, the strain gauge can be attached to the part to be measured according to the determined mounting position of the strain gauge, the conversion matrix of the calculated force and the strain is calibrated through the standard force measuring machine, and finally the load of the part to be measured is calculated by combining the target strain of the strain gauge when the target vehicle runs. The load of the parts can be collected without damaging the parts or modifying the parts, so that the distortion is avoided, and the accuracy and the economy are improved.
The above describes in detail a load acquisition method and apparatus provided by the present invention, and specific examples are applied herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present invention, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described as different from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
It is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include, or is intended to include, elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A method of load acquisition, the method comprising:
determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of the part to be tested; the mounting position of the strain gauge is a position which is determined by CAE analysis to ensure that the strain sensitivity meets the specified condition and the self part to be detected does not need to be damaged when the strain gauge is mounted; wherein the positions where the strain sensitivity meets the specified condition include positions where the strain exceeds a threshold;
The part to be measured, which is attached with the strain gauge, is mounted in a standard force measuring machine for calibration, and a conversion matrix of force and strain is calculated; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge;
measuring a target strain amount of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in an operating condition; wherein the part to be tested, to which the strain gauge is attached, is pre-mounted on a vehicle;
calculating the load of the part to be tested according to the target strain quantity and the conversion matrix;
the method for calibrating the part to be measured, which is attached with the strain gauge, is characterized in that the part to be measured is mounted in a standard force measuring machine for calibration, a conversion matrix of force and strain is calculated, and the method comprises the following steps:
Sequentially applying target forces to a plurality of directions of the part to be tested, which is attached with the strain gauge, through a standard force measuring machine; the directions comprise three translational directions and three rotational directions of a Cartesian orthogonal coordinate system;
Measuring the strain quantity of the strain gauge under the action of the target force in each direction in the plurality of directions in sequence;
calculating the unit force strain of the part to be tested under the action of the unit force in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain quantity;
A force to strain conversion matrix is determined using the unit force strain for each of the plurality of directions.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
A load spectrum is generated based on the load.
3. A load acquisition device, the device comprising:
The determining module is used for determining the mounting position of the strain gauge of the part to be tested; the mounting position of the strain gauge is a position which is determined by CAE analysis to ensure that the strain sensitivity meets the specified condition and the self part to be detected does not need to be damaged when the strain gauge is mounted; wherein the positions where the strain sensitivity meets the specified condition include positions where the strain exceeds a threshold;
The first calculation module is used for calibrating by installing the part to be measured, which is stuck with the strain gauge, in a standard force measuring machine, and calculating a conversion matrix of force and strain; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge;
The measuring module is used for measuring the target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in the running working condition; wherein the part to be tested, to which the strain gauge is attached, is pre-mounted on a vehicle;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain quantity and the conversion matrix;
The first computing module is specifically configured to:
Sequentially applying target forces to a plurality of directions of the part to be tested, which is attached with the strain gauge, through a standard force measuring machine; the directions comprise three translational directions and three rotational directions of a Cartesian orthogonal coordinate system; measuring the strain quantity of the strain gauge under the action of the target force in each direction in the plurality of directions in sequence; calculating the unit force strain of the part to be tested under the action of the unit force in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain quantity; a force to strain conversion matrix is determined using the unit force strain for each of the plurality of directions.
4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the device further comprises:
And the generating module is used for generating a load spectrum based on the load.
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| CN108645562A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-12 | 西北工业大学 | The three axis Hopkinson bar synchronous dynamic caliberating devices and method of three-dimensional impact force snesor |
| CN109992822A (en) * | 2019-02-11 | 2019-07-09 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | A method of gearshift fork gear shifting force stated accuracy is improved using CAE technology |
| CN110160682A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-23 | 三一重能有限公司 | A kind of load monitoring system and method |
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