CN112625058B - 一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法 - Google Patents
一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112625058B CN112625058B CN202011485822.5A CN202011485822A CN112625058B CN 112625058 B CN112625058 B CN 112625058B CN 202011485822 A CN202011485822 A CN 202011485822A CN 112625058 B CN112625058 B CN 112625058B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- disproportionation
- silane
- reaction
- catalyst
- disproportionation reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- DMZWVCJEOLBQCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]C=C DMZWVCJEOLBQCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 siloxane ring Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940063656 aluminum chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940032296 ferric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001939 zinc chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- YLJJAVFOBDSYAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro-ethenyl-methylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)C=C YLJJAVFOBDSYAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 6
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PDNUHAXBKKDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-diethyl-methylsilane Chemical compound CC[Si](C)(Cl)CC PDNUHAXBKKDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QGBGPBWKLCIMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C(=C(CC)CC)[SiH2]C Chemical compound C(C)C(=C(CC)CC)[SiH2]C QGBGPBWKLCIMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 3
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical class Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QRHCILLLMDEFSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl)-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C)(C)C=C QRHCILLLMDEFSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRMHUZLFQVKRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl)-diphenylsilane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=C)(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JRMHUZLFQVKRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001343 alkyl silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005815 base catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBWIIOQJUKRLKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(phenyl)silane Chemical class Cl[SiH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 NBWIIOQJUKRLKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMQKSHPWLHFISZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-bis(ethenyl)-methylsilane Chemical compound C=C[Si](Cl)(C)C=C YMQKSHPWLHFISZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSDCTSITJJJDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-ethenyl-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)C=C XSDCTSITJJJDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLMTWHZZBPGADP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-ethenyl-diphenylsilane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=C)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 PLMTWHZZBPGADP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OSXYHAQZDCICNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 OSXYHAQZDCICNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTQYJQFGNYHXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(methyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)Cl KTQYJQFGNYHXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005048 methyldichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001367 organochlorosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005053 propyltrichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- DOEHJNBEOVLHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl DOEHJNBEOVLHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCSVHJQZTMYYFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](C)(CC)CC JCSVHJQZTMYYFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKRKCDBTXBGLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(ethenyl)-methylsilane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C)(C=C)C=C PKRKCDBTXBGLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/12—Organo silicon halides
- C07F7/121—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20
- C07F7/125—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20 by reactions involving both Si-C and Si-halogen linkages, the Si-C and Si-halogen linkages can be to the same or to different Si atoms, e.g. redistribution reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
- B01J31/143—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/28—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
- B01J31/30—Halides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法,属于有机硅烷歧化反应领域。多乙烯基硅烷和多氯硅烷在歧化反应催化剂存在下,反应得到歧化反应产物单乙烯基氯硅烷,所述的歧化反应催化剂为路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷的反应产物。本发明采用路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷的反应产物为歧化反应催化剂,使多乙烯基硅烷转化率大于70%;同时最大限度避免烯键聚合反应、加成反应等副反应,单乙烯基氯硅烷的选择性大于80%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机硅烷歧化反应领域,具体涉及多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷歧化反应的方法。
背景技术
直接法合成有机氯硅烷通常生成一系列同系物,其中某些化合物用途广泛、需求量大,如二甲基二氯硅烷,而某些化合物难以消化,如甲基三氯硅烷、甲基二氯硅烷,通过歧化反应使有机氯硅烷化合物进行转化,达到物尽其用、平衡产能、得到新化合物的目的。
US2732282(A)公开了烷基氢氯硅烷在腈类催化剂存在下歧化反应,生成一类含氢较多的硅烷和一类含氯较多的硅烷,反应温度高达1500~2000℃。
US2786861(A)公开了烷基氯硅烷在氯化铝存在下发生歧化反应,含氢硅烷可以促进反应,温度为500~2250℃。
US2888478(A)公开了苯基氯硅烷与烷基氯硅烷在氯化铝、氯化锆存在下,歧化反应得到苯基烷基氯硅烷。
US3399222(A)公开了含氢硅烷与氯硅烷在季铵盐或季鏻盐催化剂存在下的歧化反应。
US4746752(A)公开了含氢硅烷在季铵盐或季鏻盐催化剂存在下与烷基、芳基、卤素之间的歧化。
GB1361434(A)公开了烷基氢氯硅烷在500℃以上、AlCl3,ZrCl4,KAlCl4,CuCl等催化下发生歧化反应。
但关于乙烯基硅烷,特别是多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应的报道却极少,Sheludyakov,V.D.等(Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii(1985),55(6),1345-50)报道了在FeCl3,AlCl3,ZnCl2,SnCl4和SbCl3等催化下,多乙烯基硅烷RmClnSi(CH=CH2)4-(m+n)与HCl反应生成RmClnSi(CH=CH2)3-(m+n)CH2CH2Cl,进一步重排脱乙烯基得到RmCln+1Si(CH=CH2)3-(m+n),但重排脱乙烯基反应需要碱催化,在氯硅烷体系中催化效率很低,而且存在脱HCl逆反应。
多乙烯基硅烷是钠缩合法、热缩合法、直接法合成乙烯基硅烷反应的副产品,通过歧化反应转化为单乙烯基氯硅烷能有效提高其应用价值。
发明内容
针对现有技术对乙烯基硅烷歧化反应的不足,本发明提出一种多乙烯基硅烷的歧化反应方法,将多乙烯基硅烷转化为高附加值的单乙烯基氯硅烷。
一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法,多乙烯基硅烷和多氯硅烷在歧化反应催化剂存在下,反应得到歧化反应产物单乙烯基氯硅烷;
所述的多乙烯基硅烷如化学式I所示:
R1 nCl(4-m-n)Si(CH=CH2)m (I)
式中,R1为C1~C4的烷基,或苯基;m为2,3或4;n为0,1或2;且m+n不大于4;
所述的多氯硅烷如化学式II所示:
R2 xSi Cl(4-x) (II)
式中,R2为C1~C4的烷基,或苯基;x为0,1或2;
所述的单乙烯基氯硅烷如化学式III所示:
R3 yCl(3-y)Si-CH=CH2 (III)
式中,R3为R1和/或R2;y为1或2;
所述的歧化反应催化剂为路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷的反应产物。
优选的,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、氯化锌、氯化铜、氯化亚铜和氯化钛中的至少一种;所述的有机硅氧烷为有机硅氧烷环体、有机硅氧烷线性体、聚二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基聚硅氧烷和含氢聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
优选的,所述的路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷的比例,以金属-氯键与硅-氧键的当量比计为1:0.3~60。
进一步优选,所述的路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷的比例,以金属-氯键与硅-氧键的当量比计为1:0.3~2.4;所述的歧化反应催化剂的制备方法为:路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷在室温~180℃下,反应5~60min。
乙烯基硅烷有别于烷基硅烷、苯基硅烷或含氢硅烷,在加热条件下容易发生烯键聚合反应、加成反应,特别是硅原子上连接多个乙烯基、或体系中有自由基、阴离子、阳离子、路易斯酸等存在下聚合反应、加成反应现象更加明显。为了防止烯键聚合反应、加成反应的发生,歧化反应的催化剂需要进行钝化处理,歧化反应的温度也不能太高。
最优选的,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝、氯化锌、氯化铜中的至少一种;所述的有机硅氧烷为二甲基硅氧烷环体、粘度不大于1000mPa.s的聚二甲基硅氧烷和粘度不大于1000mPa.s的乙烯基聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
路易斯酸中氯化铝、氯化锌、氯化铜对多乙烯基硅烷与氯硅烷的歧化反应有更好的选择性,有机硅氧烷中二甲基硅氧烷环体、聚二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基聚硅氧烷不含活泼氢,所述的路易斯酸与所述的有机硅氧烷反应后部分金属-氯键转化为金属-氧-硅键,一方面使路易斯酸催化歧化反应的活性更加温和,另一方面使路易斯酸得以固定化,防止升华流失。
较低粘度聚二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基聚硅氧烷,有利于路易斯酸的均匀分散,不会被高粘度聚硅氧烷包裹而失去催化活性。金属-氯键与硅-氧键的比例直接决定了金属-氯键的反应程度,两者当量比过大,反应不足,催化歧化反应的活性太高,烯键聚合等副反应增加;两者当量比过小,金属-氯键保留不够,催化歧化反应活性过低,甚至失去。
路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷反应对条件没有严格要求,但过低的反应温度和太短的反应时间,使反应不完全,在后续的歧化反应中失去有机硅氧烷对催化剂的保护和钝化作用;过高的反应温度会破坏催化剂结构,而过长的反应时间是无谓的浪费。
所述的歧化反应催化剂,其使用方法为:
1.歧化反应催化剂直接投入间歇式歧化反应釜,催化多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷的歧化反应,催化剂用量为歧化反应原料多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷总质量的1~25%;或者,
2.歧化反应催化剂负载在载体上,所述的载体为氧化铝、活性炭、沸石、分子筛中的一种,歧化反应催化剂负载量为载体质量的5~30%;负载的催化剂填充于管式反应器、固定床反应器等连续式歧化反应器中,歧化反应原料多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷的混合物在反应条件下流过反应器。
优选的,投入间歇式歧化反应釜中的歧化反应催化剂,重复使用5~90次;或者,
填充于连续式歧化反应器中的负载催化剂,运行周期1~720小时。
本发明制备的歧化反应催化剂,和负载的歧化反应催化剂,具有良好的稳定性和持续的催化能力,重复使用多次或持续运行一段时间后,催化能力下降,多乙烯基硅烷转化率降低,才需要更换或补加催化剂。
优选的,所述的多乙烯基硅烷与所述的多氯硅烷中,R1和R2相同;所述的多乙烯基硅烷与所述的多氯硅烷的比例,以硅-乙烯基键与硅-氯键的当量比计为1:0.4~12。
多乙烯基硅烷、多氯硅烷中,R1和R2相同时,歧化反应产物的种类明显减少,避免了一些可预见杂质的产生,为目标产物单乙烯基氯硅烷的分离和提纯提供了便利的条件。
多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷的配比,当硅-氯键的比例过低时,不足以与硅-乙烯基键发生歧化反应,而硅-氯键的比例过高不仅使硅-乙烯基键发生歧化,也可能使R1和R2发生歧化,降低了目标产物的选择性。
优选的,所述的歧化反应在100℃~250℃下,反应15~150min,或者在连续反应器中的停留时间为15~150min;过高的反应温度和过长的反应时间,容易导致烯键聚合反应、加成反应的发生,降低了反应收率和选择性,而过低的反应温度和过短的反应时间,使得反应转化率低、产物分离困难。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.钝化的路易斯酸歧化反应催化剂有效地催化多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷的歧化反应,得到单乙烯基氯硅烷,多乙烯基硅烷转化率大于70%;
2.最大限度避免烯键聚合反应、加成反应等副反应,单乙烯基氯硅烷的选择性大于80%。
具体实施方式
歧化反应原料和产物的分析方法:
气相色谱法,FID检测器,色谱柱HP-5,60m×0.25mm×0.5μm,色谱柱温度35℃,5min—5℃/min—80℃—15℃/min—200℃,5min。
回收率、转化率和选择性计算方法:
回收率(%)=(蒸出的歧化产物质量)*100/(投入的多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷质量总和)
转化率(%)=(所有歧化反应产物色谱峰面积之和)*100/(所有歧化反应产物色谱峰面积之和+未反应多乙烯基硅烷色谱峰面积)
选择性(%)=(单乙烯基氯硅烷的色谱峰面积)*100/(所有含乙烯基歧化反应产物色谱峰面积之和)
催化剂制备例:
催化剂A,无水三氯化铝66.7g,粘度500mPa.s聚二甲基硅烷80g,二甲基硅氧烷混合环体DMC 14g,在氮气保护下,升温至120℃,搅拌反应30min。
催化剂B,无水三氯化铝44.4g,无水氯化铜33.6g,粘度900mPa.s乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷250g,在氮气保护下,升温至60℃,搅拌反应60min。
催化剂C,无水三氯化铝44.4g,氯化锌34g,二甲基硅氧烷混合环体DMC 38g,在氮气保护下,升温至60℃,搅拌反应60min。
催化剂D,氯化铁81g,粘度400mPa.s乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷550g,在氮气保护下,室温下搅拌反应60min。
催化剂AA,将催化剂A负载于氧化铝颗粒上,氧化铝颗粒为80目,负载量8%。
催化剂BB,将催化剂B负载于活性炭颗粒上,活性炭颗粒为150目,负载量25%。
实施例1
在5L不锈钢高压釜中,加入甲基三乙烯基硅烷413g,甲基二乙烯基氯硅烷662g,甲基三氯硅烷1000g,催化剂A 200g,氮气氛下升温至250℃,反应120min;降温至80℃,减压下蒸出反应产物,得到歧化产物1970g,回收率94.94%,经气相色谱测定,结果如下表:
多乙烯基硅烷转化率82.44%,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷的选择性87.32%。
实施例2
在5L不锈钢高压釜中,加入甲基三乙烯基硅烷413g,甲基二乙烯基氯硅烷662g,甲基三氯硅烷1000g,催化剂B 200g,氮气氛下升温至200℃,反应150min;降温至80℃,减压下蒸出反应产物,得到歧化产物1982g,回收率95.52%,多乙烯基硅烷转化率88.62%,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷的选择性92.14%。
实施例3
在实施例2已蒸出歧化产物的高压釜中,催化剂不取出,再投入甲基三乙烯基硅烷413g,甲基二乙烯基氯硅烷662g,丙基三氯硅烷1000g,在实施例2相同的反应条件下,得到歧化产物1945g,回收率93.73%,多乙烯基硅烷转化率86.48%,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷的选择性50.98%。
实施例4
在实施例3已蒸出歧化产物的高压釜中,催化剂不取出,投入二甲基二乙烯基硅烷1120g、二甲基二氯硅烷1030g,在实施例3相同的反应条件下,得到歧化产物2041g,回收率94.93%,二甲基二乙烯基硅烷转化率70.57%,二甲基乙烯基氯硅烷的选择性91.45%。说明催化剂重复使用对歧化产物回收率、多乙烯基硅烷转化率没有明显影响。
对比例1
在5L不锈钢高压釜中,加入甲基三乙烯基硅烷413g,甲基二乙烯基氯硅烷662g,甲基三氯硅烷1000g,催化剂为无水三氯化铝100g,氮气保护下升温至200℃,反应90min;降温至80℃,减压下蒸出反应产物,得到歧化产物1264g,回收率60.92%,多乙烯基硅烷转化率59.83%,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷的选择性72.66%。歧化产物回收率明显很低,说明经歧化反应后,有大量原料聚合成大分子杂质。
对比例2
在5L不锈钢高压釜中,加入甲基三乙烯基硅烷413g,甲基二乙烯基氯硅烷662g,甲基三氯硅烷1000g,催化剂为无水三氯化铝80g与无水氯化铜30g的混合物,氮气保护下升温至240℃,反应45min;降温至80℃,减压下蒸出反应产物,得到歧化产物712g,回收率34.31%,多乙烯基硅烷转化率73.69%,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷的选择性81.62%。歧化产物回收率明显很低,说明经歧化反应后,有大量原料聚合成大分子杂质。
实施例5~9
在5L不锈钢高压釜中,加入多乙烯基硅烷,多氯硅烷,催化剂,氮气氛下升温反应;降温至80℃,减压下蒸出反应产物,得到歧化产物,计算回收率,气相色谱测定歧化产物后计算转化率和选择性,结果如下表所示。
实施例10
在DN25*1200的碳钢管式反应器中,填充400mL催化剂AA,三个管式反应器串联成歧化反应装置;连续泵入甲基三乙烯基硅烷3.5mL/min,甲基二乙烯基氯硅烷5.0mL/min,甲基三氯硅烷6.1mL/min,保持歧化反应装置温度200℃,物料平均停留时间58min;连续收集歧化反应液8小时,减压蒸馏,回收率97.72%,多乙烯基硅烷转化率80.26%,甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷的选择性63.93%。
实施例11
在DN25*1200的碳钢管式反应器中,填充400mL催化剂BB,三个管式反应器串联成歧化反应装置;连续泵入二苯基二乙烯基硅烷3.3mL/min,二苯基二氯硅烷3.6mL/min,保持歧化反应装置温度250℃,物料平均停留时间123min;连续收集歧化反应液12小时,减压蒸馏,回收率98.25%,二苯基二乙烯基硅烷转化率74.33%,二苯基乙烯基氯硅烷的选择性88.56%。
Claims (6)
1.一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法,多乙烯基硅烷和多氯硅烷在歧化反应催化剂存在下,反应得到歧化反应产物单乙烯基氯硅烷;
所述的多乙烯基硅烷如化学式I所示:
R1 n Cl(4-m-n)Si(CH=CH2)m(I)
式中,R1为C1~C4的烷基,或苯基;m为2,3或4;n为0,1或2;且m+n不大于4;
所述的多氯硅烷如化学式II所示:
R2 xSi Cl(4-x)(II)
式中,R2为C1~C4的烷基,或苯基;x为0,1或2;
所述的单乙烯基氯硅烷如化学式III所示:
R3 yCl(3-y)Si-CH=CH2(III)
式中,R3为R1和/或R2;y为1或2;
所述的歧化反应催化剂为路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷的反应产物;
所述的歧化反应催化剂的制备方法为:路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷在室温~180℃下,反应5~60min;所述的路易斯酸与有机硅氧烷的比例,以金属-氯键与硅-氧键的当量比计为1:0.3~2.4;
其中,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、氯化锌、氯化铜、氯化亚铜和氯化钛中的至少一种;所述的有机硅氧烷为二甲基硅氧烷环体、粘度不大于1000mPa.s的聚二甲基硅氧烷和粘度不大于1000mPa.s的乙烯基聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的歧化反应方法为:
歧化反应催化剂直接投入间歇式歧化反应釜,催化多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷的歧化反应,催化剂用量为歧化反应原料多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷总质量的1~25%;或者,
歧化反应催化剂负载在载体上,所述的载体为氧化铝、活性炭、沸石、分子筛中的一种,歧化反应催化剂负载量为载体质量的5~30%;负载的催化剂填充于连续式歧化反应器中,歧化反应原料多乙烯基硅烷与多氯硅烷的混合物在反应条件下流过反应器。
3.如权利要求2所述的多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的歧化反应方法为:
投入间歇式歧化反应釜中的歧化反应催化剂,重复使用5~90次;或者,
填充于连续式歧化反应器中的负载催化剂,运行周期1~720小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的多乙烯基硅烷与所述的多氯硅烷中,R1和R2相同。
5.如权利要求1所述的多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的多乙烯基硅烷与所述的多氯硅烷的比例,以硅-乙烯基键与硅-氯键的当量比计为1:0.4~12。
6.如权利要求1所述的多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法,其特征在于,所述的歧化反应在间歇式歧化反应釜中进行,温度100℃~250℃下,反应15~150min,或者,在连续反应器中进行,停留时间为15~150min。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011485822.5A CN112625058B (zh) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | 一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011485822.5A CN112625058B (zh) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | 一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112625058A CN112625058A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
CN112625058B true CN112625058B (zh) | 2022-10-28 |
Family
ID=75313786
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011485822.5A Active CN112625058B (zh) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | 一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112625058B (zh) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1361434A (en) * | 1970-12-21 | 1974-07-24 | Gen Electric | Redistribution of alkylhydrosilanes |
JPS5265226A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1977-05-30 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Preparation of halogenosilanes |
CN105753895A (zh) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-13 | 张玲 | 一种二甲基二氯硅烷的制备方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-16 CN CN202011485822.5A patent/CN112625058B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1361434A (en) * | 1970-12-21 | 1974-07-24 | Gen Electric | Redistribution of alkylhydrosilanes |
JPS5265226A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1977-05-30 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Preparation of halogenosilanes |
CN105753895A (zh) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-13 | 张玲 | 一种二甲基二氯硅烷的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112625058A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5292912A (en) | Catalytic conversion of direct process high-boiling component to chlorosilane monomers in the presence of hydrogen chloride | |
EP0634417B1 (en) | Catalytic conversion of direct process high-boiling component to chlorosilane monomers in the presence of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen | |
US4888435A (en) | Integrated process for alkylation and redistribution of halosilanes | |
KR100781643B1 (ko) | 유기수소실란의 제조 방법 | |
JPH0789708A (ja) | 水素ガスの存在下での直接法高沸点成分のシランモノマーへの転化 | |
CN101337973A (zh) | 制备含SiH硅烷的方法 | |
GB2118958A (en) | Redistribution of polysilanes in high boiling residues | |
JP2960522B2 (ja) | シラン混合物の精製方法 | |
US5321147A (en) | Conversion of direct process high-boiling component to chlorosilane monomers in the presence of chlorine | |
CN112625058B (zh) | 一种多乙烯基硅烷歧化反应制备单乙烯基氯硅烷的方法 | |
JP4485631B2 (ja) | 濃アルキル・シルアルキレン含有残渣におけるシルアルキレンの再分配法 | |
US2887500A (en) | Redistribution of organosilanes | |
JP7301998B2 (ja) | オルガノシランを変換する方法 | |
EP0365207B1 (en) | Preparation of organosilanes | |
JPH09194483A (ja) | 有機シラン類の改善された熱分別方法 | |
KR101338225B1 (ko) | 메틸클로로실란의 직접합성법에서 부산물로 생성되는 고비점 잔류물의 재분배 방법 | |
JPH05201883A (ja) | α,ω−シリルアルケン及びオルガノシロキサンコポリマーの調製方法 | |
EP0903352A2 (en) | Removal of chlorocarbons from organochlorosilanes | |
US9249165B2 (en) | Slurry phase direct synthesis of organohalosilanes from cyclone fines | |
KR20150027905A (ko) | 메틸클로로실란의 직접합성법에서 부산물로 생성되는 고비점 잔류물의 연속적 재분배 방법 | |
US6727376B2 (en) | Preparation of organohalosilanes | |
RU2232764C1 (ru) | Способ получения метилхлорсиланов | |
KR101811628B1 (ko) | 트리메틸클로로실란과 실리콘테트라클로라이드를 포함하는 공비 혼합물로부터 디메틸디클로로실란 및 메틸트리클로로실란을 제조하는 방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |