CN112620641A - 一种银氧化锡电接触材料及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种银氧化锡电接触材料及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN112620641A
CN112620641A CN202011548107.1A CN202011548107A CN112620641A CN 112620641 A CN112620641 A CN 112620641A CN 202011548107 A CN202011548107 A CN 202011548107A CN 112620641 A CN112620641 A CN 112620641A
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tin oxide
silver tin
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陈杨方
李�杰
颜小芳
柏小平
张明江
杨昌麟
陈松扬
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Zhejiang Fuda Alloy Materials Technology Co Ltd
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    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F1/14Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/145Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15Hot isostatic pressing
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    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C5/00Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06Alloys based on silver
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/02Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021Composite material
    • H01H1/023Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H01H1/02376Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component SnO2
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
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    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B22F2009/0828Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water

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Abstract

本发明属于电工材料制造领域,特别涉及一种银氧化锡电接触材料及其制作方法。制作方法包括以下过程:包括步骤如下:(1)雾化AgSn粉的制备:(2)烘干;(3)粉体氧化;(4)热等静压烧结,同时完成热等静压和烧结,成型为柱状坯料;(5)将步骤(4)得到的柱状坯料加工成丝材成品。银氧化锡粉在高温高压下,粉体之间各向均衡受压,同时完成烧结工序,相比传统工艺中冷等静压后使用烧结工序,加工产品的致密度高、均匀性好、性能优异在触头冷镦成型时无开裂现象,提高了材料的塑性变形能力,在直流条件下也表现出更好的电寿命,经测试,本材料在一定电流下寿命达10万次以上,具有较高的抗熔焊性,抗烧损能力。

Description

一种银氧化锡电接触材料及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于电工材料制造领域,特别涉及一种银氧化锡电接触材料及其制作方法。
背景技术
银基电接触材料具有优良的导电性和导热性,由于纯银硬度低,抗电磨损性较差的缘故,通常需要在银基体中添加其它添加物来增强其材料的电性能,如触点的抗熔焊性,电寿命以及耐电弧烧损等。银氧化锡(AgSnO2)就是其中一种,其具有较好的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性,可应用于大电流的继电器和接触器开关中。目前制备AgSnO2的主要方法有合金内氧化法和雾化法,以上工艺所制作的电接触材料中均存在生产工序长,材料致密度小,触点铆钉冷镦成型时开裂问题,影响材料的使用性能,雾化工艺是将合金熔体通过空气或冷却水雾化成粉末,再经过粉体预氧化和高温氧化工艺制成合金氧化物粉末,最终将粉末压制成型做成电接触材料;而合金内氧化法是通过合金熔炼和合金氧化来制备电接触材料的,但其所制作的材料致密度均存在一定问题,因此需要对现有电接触材料制作工艺进行改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的缺点和不足,而提供一种银氧化锡电接触材料及其制作方法。
本发明所采取的技术方案如下:一种银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法,包括步骤如下:
(1)雾化AgSn粉的制备:将Ag、Sn以及添加物通过水雾化设备将合金熔液雾化为AgSn合金粉末;
(2)烘干:使用烘干设备将雾化得到的合金粉末进行处理,得到干燥的AgSn合金粉;
(3)粉体氧化:将烘干后的AgSn合金粉放入高温氧化炉中,保温一定时间后得到银氧化锡粉;
(4)热等静压烧结:将步骤(3)得到的银氧化锡粉装入硬质包套中,在室温或加温抽真空过程中封焊,封焊后的包套放入高压容器中,加热温度设置为500-900℃,压力设置为150-210MPa,保压时间设置为1-4h,同时完成热等静压和烧结,成型为柱状坯料;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的柱状坯料加工成丝材成品。
进一步的,所述添加物为In、Cu、Zr、Co、Bi、Ni、稀土中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述Ag、Sn以及添加物的组份,以重量百分比计算,Ag85~93wt.%,SnO25~10wt.%,添加物2-5 wt.%。
进一步的,步骤(5)中,将步骤(4)得到的柱状坯料先通过热等静压法使用挤压机加工为丝状合金线材,然后通过热拉丝机加工成预定规格的丝材成品。
进一步的,步骤(5)中,通过热等静压法使用挤压机加工的具体参数设置如下:加热温度设置为500-900℃,压力设置为150-210MPa。
进一步的,步骤(5)中,通过热拉丝机加工的工艺参数为拉丝速度200-800rpm。
如上所述的银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法所制备的银氧化锡电接触材料。
本发明的有益效果如下:本发明将银氧化锡粉在高温高压下,粉体之间各向均衡受压,同时完成烧结工序,相比传统工艺中冷等静压后使用烧结工序,加工产品的致密度高、均匀性好、性能优异在触头冷镦成型时无开裂现象,提高了材料的塑性变形能力,在直流条件下也表现出更好的电寿命,经测试,本材料在一定电流下寿命达10万次以上,具有较高的抗熔焊性,抗烧损能力;同时该技术具有生产周期短、工序少、能耗低、材料损耗小等优势,提高了生产效率。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
一种银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法,包括步骤如下:
(1)AgSn合金粉的制备:按照1炉25kg进行制造,先投入85wt.%Ag板和13wt.%Sn板以及2wt.%添加物,在中频熔炼炉内进行熔炼,熔炼温度设定为1200℃,熔炼时间0.5h,熔炼过程中使用石墨棒进行搅拌,然后将温度降至1100℃进行精炼,时间为15min,最后将精炼好的合金熔液倒入水雾化设备中,设置水压为35MPa,得到AgSn粉体;
(2)烘干处理:将水雾化得到的合金粉装入烘干设备中,温度设定为150℃,时间为1h;
(3)粉体氧化:将烘干好的合金粉装入氧化炉中进行氧化,设定温度为600-800℃,氧压为0.2MPa,氧化时间为20h;
(4)热等静压;通过等静压设备将氧化后的粉体成型为圆柱状坯料,工艺参数设置如表1所示(表1中对比例4为采用冷等静压压锭,参数设置为压力300MPa,保压时间60s,然后在800℃下烧结5h)。
(5)挤压:将(4)中得到的坯料进行加热,预热温度为700℃,保温时间为0.5h,挤压速度为5mm/s,挤压压力为150MPa,然后在此温度下将其装入油压挤压机中挤压成Φ6mm的丝材
(6)拉拔处理:根据拉拔工艺,通过中频拉丝机将Φ6mm的丝材拉成Φ2.4mm的丝材。拉拔工艺为
Φ6.0Δ→→Φ5.6→→Φ5.2→→Φ4.9Δ→→Φ4.5→→Φ4.2→→Φ3.9Δ→→Φ3.6→→Φ3.4→→Φ3.2Δ→→Φ3.0→→Φ2.8→→Φ2.5→→Φ2.4
Δ代表退火,退火温度:600℃,保温3h,空气退火。 “→→”代表拉拔。
所述拉拔工艺中的拉丝机工艺参数为拉丝速度200-800rpm。
利用上述方法做成AgSnO2/Cu铆钉触点进行模拟电性能实验,铆钉规格为动触点R3.2x1.4(0.5)+2.6x1.2SR15,静触点F3.2x1.4(0.5)+2.6x1.2。模拟电性能实验条件如下:250VAC、5A,闭合力100g,分断力60g,接触频率90次/分钟;20VDC、9A,闭合力100g,分断力50g,接触频率90次/分钟,实验结果见表1。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法,其特征在于包括步骤如下:
(1)雾化AgSn粉的制备:将Ag、Sn以及添加物通过水雾化设备将合金熔液雾化为AgSn合金粉末;
(2)烘干:使用烘干设备将雾化得到的合金粉末进行处理,得到干燥的AgSn合金粉;
(3)粉体氧化:将烘干后的AgSn合金粉放入高温氧化炉中,保温一定时间后得到银氧化锡粉;
(4)热等静压烧结:将步骤(3)得到的银氧化锡粉装入硬质包套中,在室温或加温抽真空过程中封焊,封焊后的包套放入高压容器中,加热温度设置为500-900℃,压力设置为150-210MPa,保压时间设置为1-4h,同时完成热等静压和烧结,成型为柱状坯料;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的柱状坯料加工成丝材成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法,其特征在于:所述添加物为In、Cu、Zr、Co、Bi、Ni、稀土中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法,其特征在于:所述Ag、Sn以及添加物的组份,以重量百分比计算,Ag85~93wt.%,SnO2 5~10wt.%,添加物2-5 wt.%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,将步骤(4)得到的柱状坯料先通过热等静压法使用挤压机加工为丝状合金线材,然后通过热拉丝机加工成预定规格的丝材成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,通过热等静压法使用挤压机加工的具体参数设置如下:加热温度设置为500-900℃,压力设置为150-210MPa。
6.根据权利要求4所述的银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,通过热拉丝机加工的工艺参数为拉丝速度200-800rpm。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的银氧化锡电接触材料的制作方法所制备的银氧化锡电接触材料。
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CN116837247A (zh) * 2023-05-22 2023-10-03 贵研中希(上海)新材料科技有限公司 一种新能源领域用电接触贵金属材料的制备方法

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115637349A (zh) * 2022-09-17 2023-01-24 浙江福达合金材料科技有限公司 一种银氧化锡电接触材料及其制备方法
CN116837247A (zh) * 2023-05-22 2023-10-03 贵研中希(上海)新材料科技有限公司 一种新能源领域用电接触贵金属材料的制备方法
CN116837247B (zh) * 2023-05-22 2024-02-06 贵研中希(上海)新材料科技有限公司 一种新能源领域用电接触贵金属材料的制备方法

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