CN112620589A - Riser bush and casting method based on riser bush - Google Patents
Riser bush and casting method based on riser bush Download PDFInfo
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- CN112620589A CN112620589A CN202011511682.4A CN202011511682A CN112620589A CN 112620589 A CN112620589 A CN 112620589A CN 202011511682 A CN202011511682 A CN 202011511682A CN 112620589 A CN112620589 A CN 112620589A
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- riser
- bush
- cavity
- riser bush
- lower cavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/088—Feeder heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of riser sleeves and particularly discloses a riser sleeve and a casting method thereof, wherein the riser sleeve is a shell with a cavity, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the shell and divides the cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the lower cavity is matched with a riser, a hollowed area is arranged in the middle of the partition plate, through holes which are symmetrically arranged are arranged on two sides of the hollowed area, an annular groove is arranged on the periphery of the shell, and an accommodating groove is arranged on the lower edge of the annular groove; the hollowed area is filled with refractory materials, gaps formed by the accommodating groove and the mold core are filled with the refractory materials, and gaps formed by the annular groove and the mold core are filled with the refractory materials; when the device is used, the through hole is internally provided with the ejector rod, the ejector rod is in clearance fit with the through hole, and the upper end of the ejector rod is fixedly arranged. The riser sleeve has good exhaust capacity and heat insulation effect, can ensure that the riser has good feeding capacity, and the quality of produced castings meets the requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of riser sleeves and particularly discloses a riser sleeve and a casting method based on the riser sleeve.
Background
The low-pressure casting process adopts bottom pouring type mold filling, the mold filling process is stable, the casting is crystallized and solidified under pressure, the density of the casting is high, the casting process is controlled by equipment, and the stability is good; the produced casting has the advantages of high surface smoothness, compact internal structure, excellent mechanical property, high process yield and the like; in recent years, low-pressure casting technology is widely applied in China, and automobile parts such as hubs, cylinder covers, control arms, steering knuckles, auxiliary frames and the like are produced in batches by the low-pressure casting technology.
The low-pressure casting process features sequential solidification, casting system feeding in the thick part of the casting and riser feeding in the far end of the casting system. The riser is positioned at the far end of the filling mold, the temperature of aluminum liquid in the riser is low, and in order to improve the feeding effect of the riser and ensure that the riser has good heat insulation effect and the riser exhausts smoothly, the conventional riser treatment method adopts the modes that the riser is coated with heat insulation paint, the riser is coated with refractory material, and a one-time molding riser sleeve is placed or the back of the riser is filled with heat insulation material.
The riser treatment method of the conventional low-pressure casting pouring mold has the following problems:
1) a cavity area is processed at the corresponding position of the upper mold core and used for riser forming, heat insulation paint is coated on the inner wall of the cavity area, the heat insulation effect is difficult to meet the riser feeding requirement, and when the molten aluminum pouring temperature is lower, the shrinkage area extends to the casting body, so that the casting is scrapped;
2) the method has the advantages that the cavity area is machined at the corresponding position of the upper mold core and used for riser forming, the inner wall of the cavity area is coated with the refractory fiber paste, the riser feeding effect can be guaranteed, the method has high requirements on the coating operation process, and the situation that refractory materials fall off easily occurs in the actual production, so that the normal production is influenced;
3) a cavity area is processed at the corresponding position of the upper mold core, and the formed one-time forming heat-insulating riser bush is placed in the cavity area in the production process, so that the heat-insulating effect of the riser can be ensured, but the heat-insulating riser bush is manually placed before each mold is poured, so that the difficulty of on-site pouring operation is increased, and the production cost is increased;
4) the back of the riser is filled with a heat insulation material, so that a larger riser is needed, and the riser is difficult to popularize and apply due to the influence of different die structures and sizes.
In a word, the problem that castings are easily scrapped or normal production is influenced because refractory materials or heat-insulating materials are directly coated in the cavity area of the mold core; when the riser bush is used, the existing riser bush is disposable and has high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a riser bush and a casting method based on the riser bush, and solves the problems that castings are easy to scrap and the cost of using the riser bush is high in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a riser sleeve is a shell with a cavity, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the shell and divides the cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the lower cavity is matched with a riser, a hollowed area is formed in the middle of the partition plate, through holes are symmetrically formed in two sides of the hollowed area, an annular groove is formed in the periphery of the shell, and an accommodating groove is formed in the lower edge of the annular groove;
the hollowed area is filled with refractory materials, the riser sleeve is installed in the die core, gaps formed by the accommodating groove and the die core are filled with the refractory materials, and gaps formed by the annular groove and the die core are filled with the refractory materials;
when the device is used, the through hole is internally provided with the ejector rod, the ejector rod is in clearance fit with the through hole, and the upper end of the ejector rod is fixedly arranged.
Further, the riser bush is fixed on the mold core through a flange and a bolt.
Furthermore, the thickness of the separator is 15-20 mm.
Further, the ejector rod is fixed on the die top die plate component.
Furthermore, the fit clearance between the ejector rod and the through hole is 0.05-0.1 mm.
Furthermore, the refractory material adopts refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste.
And further, coating a heat-insulating coating on the inner wall of the lower cavity, wherein the thickness of the heat-insulating coating is 0.3-0.5 mm.
Further, the riser bush is made of die steel.
The invention also discloses a casting method of the riser bush, which comprises the following steps:
in the process of filling, the aluminum liquid is filled from bottom to top, and finally flows into the lower cavity of the riser bush through the pouring system and the die cavity, and the gas in the lower cavity is discharged into the atmosphere through the gap between the ejector rod and the through hole and the pores of the refractory material in the hollowed area;
in the solidification process, when the aluminum liquid close to the casting hot spot part of the riser bush starts to solidify and shrink, the lower cavity of the riser bush is communicated with the atmosphere through the gap between the ejector rod and the through hole and the hole of the fireproof material of the hollowed area, and the liquid aluminum liquid in the lower cavity of the riser bush flows downwards to complete feeding of the casting hot spot part.
Further, before each spraying, the mould is sent into a mould preheating furnace to be preheated for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 200 and 400 ℃, and the newly filled refractory material is dried;
and when the surface temperature of the lower cavity of the riser bush is 80-120 ℃, brushing heat-insulating paint on the inner wall of the lower cavity of the riser bush.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention discloses a riser bush and a casting method based on the riser bush, wherein the riser bush is a shell with a cavity, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the shell and divides the cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, a hollowed area is formed in the middle of the partition plate, a fireproof material is filled in the hollowed area, and the fireproof material has porosity and air permeability after being dried, so that the lower cavity of the riser bush is ensured to be communicated with the atmosphere, and the overall heat insulation effect of the riser bush can be improved; the periphery of the shell is provided with an annular groove, a gap formed by the annular groove and the mold core is filled with refractory materials, the external annular groove mainly has the effects of reducing the wall thickness of the riser bush, reducing the heat absorption amount of the riser bush from the molten aluminum in the lower cavity in the heat storage stage, and meanwhile, the annular groove is filled with the refractory materials, so that the heat insulation effect of the riser bush is improved, and a certain exhaust effect can be achieved; the lower edge of the annular groove is provided with an accommodating groove, so that refractory materials can be conveniently filled, and meanwhile, the heat insulation effect is achieved; through holes are symmetrically formed in two sides of the hollowed area, ejector rods are arranged in the through holes, the ejector rods are in clearance fit with the through holes, aluminum liquid is filled from bottom to top in the filling process, finally flows into the lower cavity of the riser sleeve through a pouring system and a die cavity, and gas in the lower cavity of the riser sleeve is discharged into the atmosphere through the gaps of the ejector rods and the refractory material pores in the hollowed area in the middle of the riser sleeve, so that the riser is completely filled; in the solidification process, when the aluminum liquid close to the casting hot spot part of the riser sleeve starts to solidify and shrink, the lower cavity of the riser is communicated with the atmosphere through the gap of the ejector rod and the refractory material hole of the middle hollow area, and the liquid aluminum liquid in the lower cavity of the riser sleeve continuously flows downwards to complete feeding of the casting hot spot part, so that the internal quality of the casting is ensured. In a word, the riser bush designed by the invention can play a role in heat preservation, has a good exhaust effect and can be used for a long time. The practical verification proves that the riser sleeve has good exhaust capacity and heat insulation effect, the riser can be guaranteed to have good feeding capacity, and the quality of produced castings meets the requirement of mass production.
Furthermore, the fit clearance between the ejector rod and the through hole is too large, and the clearance is easy to drill aluminum, so that the ejection and exhaust effects of the ejector rod are influenced; too small a gap also affects the exhaust effect, and the fit gap is finally controlled to be about 0.1mm through design.
Furthermore, the fireproof material adopts refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste, and the refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste has porosity and air permeability after being dried, so that the lower cavity of the riser sleeve is ensured to be communicated with the atmosphere.
Furthermore, the riser bush is made of H13 steel, the riser bush has no deformation and cannot be brought out by a casting every time, so that the riser bush does not need to be installed again every time, and the riser bush can be used for a long time after being installed and fixed without being disassembled and replaced, thereby reducing the labor intensity of workers and the difficulty of on-site casting operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembling structure of riser bush and mold core of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the riser sleeve of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an opposite view of fig. 2.
The structure comprises a mold core 1, a riser sleeve 2, an ejector rod 3, refractory fiber paste 4, a pressure plate 5, bolts 6, a partition plate 7, a hollowed area 8, a rear flange positioning surface 9, a front end appearance positioning surface 10, a lower cavity 11, a through hole 12, an accommodating groove 13, an upper cavity 14 and an annular groove 15.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention discloses a riser bush, wherein the riser bush 2 is installed in a mold core 1, the riser bush 2 is a shell with a cavity, a partition plate 7 is arranged in the middle of the shell, the cavity is divided into an upper cavity 14 and a lower cavity 11 by the partition plate 7, the lower cavity 11 is matched with a riser, a hollow area 8 is arranged in the middle of the partition plate 7, through holes 12 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the hollow area 8, an annular groove 15 is arranged on the periphery of the shell, and an accommodating groove 13 is arranged on the lower edge of the annular groove 15; the hollowed area 8 is filled with refractory materials, gaps formed by the accommodating grooves 13 and the mold cores 1 are filled with refractory materials, and gaps formed by the annular grooves 15 and the mold cores 1 are filled with refractory materials; when the device is used, the through hole 12 is internally provided with the ejector rod 3, the ejector rod 3 is in clearance fit with the through hole 12, and the upper end of the ejector rod 3 is fixedly arranged.
The size of the lower cavity 11 can be designed according to the following formula, and the riser bush 2 in the invention can be designed according to the size of the riser, the distribution of the upper die ejector rods 3, the structure of the die and the like.
The lower cavity 11 is a riser area and participates in the molding of a riser, and the size design can be referred to as follows:
Mcap with heating means＝(1.2～1.5)*MCasting of (1)
In equation 1: mCap with heating meansModulus of riser
MCasting ofModulus of the area of the hot spot in the casting fed by the riser
LCap with heating means＝L/n-(2～4)T (2)
In equation 2: l isCap with heating meansLength of riser
L-maximum length of the feeding region
n-number of risers
Thickness of T-feeding region
HCap with heating means＝(1.5～2.0)WCap with heating means (3)
In equation 3: hCap with heating meansHeight of riser
WCap with heating meansWidth of riser
The upper cavity 14 is a region filled with heat insulation materials; the external annular groove 15 is mainly used for reducing the wall thickness of the riser bush 2 (the minimum wall thickness is 3mm), reducing the heat absorption capacity of the riser bush 2 from the aluminum liquid of the lower cavity 11 in the heat storage stage, and meanwhile, the annular groove 15 is filled with refractory materials to increase the heat insulation effect of the riser bush 2; the upper and lower ends of the annular groove 15 are designed to receive the groove 13 to facilitate the refractory filling operation.
The thickness of the partition plate 7 is too thin and is easy to deform, and the thickness is too thick and has large heat absorption capacity, and the final design is 15-20 mm.
The two side areas of the partition plate 7 are respectively provided with 1 through hole 12, the ejector rod 3 is arranged in the through hole 12, the ejector rod 3 is fixed on the upper die top plate component of the low-pressure casting die, the fit clearance between the ejector rod 3 and the through hole 12 is 0.05-0.1 mm, the clearance can prevent aluminum liquid from flowing in, and the lower cavity 11 of the riser bush 2 is ensured to be communicated with the atmosphere through the clearance between the ejector rod 3.
Specifically, the refractory material adopts refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste, and has good porosity, good heat preservation effect and certain air permeability.
In the preparation process of the low-pressure casting die, the die is preheated for 2 to 4 hours in a preheating furnace at the temperature of between 200 and 400 ℃ before the surface of the die is sprayed with the coating, and the fire clay or the fire-resistant fiber paste in the middle hollow area 8 of the riser sleeve 2 has certain strength after being dried and hardened and is not easy to fall off by being contacted with aluminum liquid; the interior of the dried refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste has porosity and air permeability, and the lower cavity 11 of the riser bush 2 is further ensured to be communicated with the atmosphere; the refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste can improve the overall heat preservation effect of the riser bush 2.
The riser bush 2 is installed at the designated position of the mold core 1 on the low-pressure casting mold in an insert mode, and is fixed through a flange positioning surface 9 at the rear end of the riser bush 2 and the appearance of the front end of the riser bush 2, and the back of the riser bush 2 is fixed through a bolt 6 and a pressing plate 5, so that the riser bush 2 can be used for a long time after being installed and fixed, and is not required to be disassembled and replaced.
The upper cavity 14, the annular groove 15 and the hollowed area 8 of the riser sleeve 2 are filled with refractory materials, and the quality guarantee period of the refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste in the upper cavity 14 and the annular groove 15 is one year without disassembly and replacement in the quality guarantee period; the refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste in the hollowed area 8 can be slightly damaged and repaired as required when molds are poured for 6-8 shifts every time when the molds are cleaned. The riser bush 2 can be used for a long time, and only the heat-insulating coating of the lower cavity 11 needs to be cleaned and the paint needs to be replenished after 6-8 shifts of pouring.
The casting method of the riser bush comprises the following steps:
in the filling process, the aluminum liquid is filled from bottom to top, and finally flows into the lower cavity 11 of the riser sleeve 2 through the pouring system and the die cavity, and the gas in the lower cavity 11 is discharged into the atmosphere through the gap of the ejector rod 3 and the refractory material hole of the middle hollow area 8 of the riser sleeve 2, so that the riser is completely filled.
In the solidification process, when the aluminum liquid close to the casting hot spot part of the riser bush 2 starts to solidify and shrink, the lower cavity 11 is communicated with the atmosphere through the gap of the ejector rod 3 and the refractory material hole of the middle hollow area 8, and the liquid aluminum liquid in the lower cavity 11 continuously flows downwards to complete feeding of the casting hot spot part, so that the internal quality of the casting is ensured.
Before casting, the metal mold needs to be sprayed with heat-insulating coating on the surface of the mold, before spraying, each module is sent into a mold preheating furnace to be preheated for 2-4 h at 200-400 ℃, and the strength of newly filled refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste is increased after drying, so that the newly filled refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste can be ensured to be in contact with molten aluminum in the casting process and is not easy to fall off.
After the riser bush 2 is preheated along with the upper die, when the surface temperature of the lower cavity 11 of the riser bush 2 is 80-120 ℃, the surface of the lower cavity 11 is coated with heat-insulating paint, and the thickness of the coating is controlled to be 0.3-0.5 mm by a coating thickness gauge.
After the maintenance, spraying and assembly of the mold are finished, the mold can be integrally hoisted to a low-pressure casting machine for casting production, the casting is stopped after 6-8 shifts of casting, and the mold is integrally disassembled to a mold preparation area for the next round of mold maintenance.
Claims (10)
1. A riser bush is characterized in that the riser bush (2) is a shell with a cavity, a partition plate (7) is arranged in the middle of the shell, the partition plate (7) divides the cavity into an upper cavity (14) and a lower cavity (11), the lower cavity (11) is matched with a riser, a hollowed area (8) is formed in the middle of the partition plate (7), through holes (12) which are symmetrically formed are formed in two sides of the hollowed area (8), an annular groove (15) is formed in the periphery of the shell, and an accommodating groove (13) is formed in the lower edge of the annular groove (15);
the hollowed area (8) is filled with refractory materials, the riser sleeve (2) is installed in the mold core (1), a gap formed by the accommodating groove (13) and the mold core (1) is filled with the refractory materials, and a gap formed by the annular groove (15) and the mold core (1) is filled with the refractory materials;
when the device is used, the through hole (12) is internally provided with the ejector rod (3), the ejector rod (3) is in clearance fit with the through hole (12), and the upper end of the ejector rod (3) is fixedly arranged.
2. A riser bush according to claim 1, characterized in that the riser bush (2) is fixed to the mould core (1) by means of flanges and bolts (6).
3. A riser sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the partition (7) is 15-20 mm.
4. A riser sleeve according to claim 1, characterised in that the ejector pin (3) is fixed to the mould top plate assembly.
5. The riser bush according to claim 1, characterized in that the fit clearance between the ejector rod (3) and the through hole (12) is 0.05-0.1 mm.
6. A riser sleeve as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refractory material is selected from refractory mortar or refractory fiber paste.
7. The riser bush as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the lower chamber (11) is coated with a heat-insulating coating, the thickness of which is 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
8. A riser sleeve as claimed in claim 1, wherein the riser sleeve is made of die steel.
9. The riser bush casting method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
in the mold filling process, the aluminum liquid is filled from bottom to top and finally flows into the lower cavity (11) of the riser bush through the pouring system and the mold cavity, and the gas in the lower cavity (11) is discharged into the atmosphere through the gap between the ejector rod (3) and the through hole (12) and the pores of the refractory material in the emptying area (8);
in the solidification process, when the aluminum liquid close to the casting hot spot part of the riser bush starts to solidify and shrink, the lower cavity (11) of the riser bush is communicated with the atmosphere through a gap between the ejector rod (3) and the through hole (12) and a hole of a fireproof material of the emptying area (8), and the liquid aluminum liquid in the lower cavity (11) of the riser bush flows downwards to complete feeding of the casting hot spot part.
10. The riser bush casting method according to claim 9, wherein the mold is preheated for 2 to 4 hours at 200 to 400 ℃ in a mold preheating furnace before each spraying, and the newly filled refractory material is dried;
when the surface temperature of the lower cavity (11) of the riser bush is 80-120 ℃, the inner wall of the lower cavity (11) of the riser bush (2) is coated with heat-insulating paint.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011511682.4A CN112620589B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Riser bush and casting method based on riser bush |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011511682.4A CN112620589B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Riser bush and casting method based on riser bush |
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| CN112620589A true CN112620589A (en) | 2021-04-09 |
| CN112620589B CN112620589B (en) | 2023-02-21 |
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| JPH07124694A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-05-16 | Asahi Tec Corp | Mold device |
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| CN2808359Y (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-08-23 | 严世鑫 | Multifunctional heat-preservation box for ingot mold |
| JP3883080B1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2007-02-21 | 道信 塚本 | Mold feeder sleeve |
| CN201439113U (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2010-04-21 | 宁波全力机械模具有限公司 | Metal mold casting dead head structure |
| EP2431111A2 (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-21 | GTP-Schäfer Giesstechnische Produkte GmbH | Feeder assembly with spill guard |
| CN203621414U (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-06-04 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Pouring cap for vacuum induction furnace |
| CN104148612A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-11-19 | 陕西法士特汽车传动集团有限责任公司 | Feeder head coating structure and treatment method of aluminum alloy low-pressure cast |
| US20150343520A1 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Cylinder head casting apparatus and methods |
| EP3009209A1 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-20 | GTP-Schäfer Giesstechnische Produkte GmbH | Process for manufacturing a riser with cavities in its wall |
| CN111940702A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-17 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Casting mold, counter-pressure casting method and low-pressure casting method |
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2020
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB956525A (en) * | 1961-05-25 | 1964-04-29 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Improvements in or relating to hot tops |
| CN86201310U (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-04-29 | 鞍山钢铁公司 | Round hot top with double insulating layers |
| JPH07124694A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-05-16 | Asahi Tec Corp | Mold device |
| CN2808359Y (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-08-23 | 严世鑫 | Multifunctional heat-preservation box for ingot mold |
| CN1788882A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2006-06-21 | 长安汽车（集团）有限责任公司 | Die casting head heat-preservation device for gravity casting and pouring |
| JP3883080B1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2007-02-21 | 道信 塚本 | Mold feeder sleeve |
| CN201439113U (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2010-04-21 | 宁波全力机械模具有限公司 | Metal mold casting dead head structure |
| EP2431111A2 (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-21 | GTP-Schäfer Giesstechnische Produkte GmbH | Feeder assembly with spill guard |
| CN203621414U (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-06-04 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Pouring cap for vacuum induction furnace |
| US20150343520A1 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Cylinder head casting apparatus and methods |
| CN104148612A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-11-19 | 陕西法士特汽车传动集团有限责任公司 | Feeder head coating structure and treatment method of aluminum alloy low-pressure cast |
| EP3009209A1 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-20 | GTP-Schäfer Giesstechnische Produkte GmbH | Process for manufacturing a riser with cavities in its wall |
| CN111940702A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-17 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Casting mold, counter-pressure casting method and low-pressure casting method |
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|---|---|
| CN112620589B (en) | 2023-02-21 |
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