CN112618113A - 一种全髋置换假体 - Google Patents

一种全髋置换假体 Download PDF

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CN112618113A
CN112618113A CN202110006999.0A CN202110006999A CN112618113A CN 112618113 A CN112618113 A CN 112618113A CN 202110006999 A CN202110006999 A CN 202110006999A CN 112618113 A CN112618113 A CN 112618113A
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femoral
hip replacement
total hip
positioning column
replacement prosthesis
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张晓攀
周海明
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Beijing Lidakang Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Lidakang Technology Co Ltd
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
    • A61F2002/3611—Heads or epiphyseal parts of femur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/365—Connections of heads to necks

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Abstract

本申请涉及人工关节假体的领域，尤其是涉及一种全髋置换假体，包括股骨柄假体、安装在股骨柄假体上的股骨头、与股骨头相配合的髋臼杯，以及位于髋臼杯内且与股骨头直接接触的髋臼衬；股骨柄假体包括定位柱、固接于定位柱一端的仿生固定支撑座，以及固接于仿生固定支撑座远离定位柱一侧的股骨颈，股骨头装配在股骨颈上；定位柱为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构。本申请具有更好的保留患者的原始骨质，以便翻修的效果。

Description

一种全髋置换假体
技术领域
本申请涉及人工关节假体的领域，尤其是涉及一种全髋置换假体。
背景技术
全髋置换是指通过植入人工髋臼杯、股骨头及股骨柄假体来替换病变的髋臼和股骨头，以建立正常的解剖结构，恢复髋关节功能。
股骨柄假体包括股骨柄柄身和股骨颈，股骨头装配在股骨颈上，手术时，需先去除股骨髓腔内相应的骨质，将股骨柄柄身植入股骨髓腔内，并通过三个医用螺钉将髋臼杯固定于髋臼窝内。
患者运动的过程中，力通过股骨柄柄身传递至股骨髓腔内壁上，为减小股骨柄柄身施加在股骨髓腔内壁上的力，降低骨穿刺的可能性，通常会将股骨柄柄身做的足够长，但是经过多年的临床经验，发明人发现目前市面上的这种股骨柄假体由于股骨柄柄身过长，因此，会导致原始骨质保留较少，对以后的翻修造成了困难。
针对上述中的相关技术，发明人认为传统的股骨柄假体存在有翻修困难的缺陷。
发明内容
为了更好的保留患者的原始骨质，以便翻修，本申请提供一种全髋置换假体。
本申请提供的一种全髋置换假体，采用如下的技术方案：
一种全髋置换假体，包括股骨柄假体、安装在股骨柄假体上的股骨头、与股骨头相配合的髋臼杯，以及位于髋臼杯内且与股骨头直接接触的髋臼衬；
股骨柄假体包括定位柱、固接于定位柱一端的仿生固定支撑座，以及固接于仿生固定支撑座远离定位柱一侧的股骨颈，股骨头装配在股骨颈上；
定位柱为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构。
通过采用上述技术方案，本申请通过设置仿生固定支撑座，增加了股骨柄假体与股骨的接触面积，能够在患者运动时与定位柱分摊受力，从而减小定位柱施加在股骨髓腔内壁同一点的力，降低了骨穿刺的可能性；而定位柱为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构的设置，便于股骨柄假体在植入人体后促进细胞增殖，提高成骨细胞的造骨能力，有利于定位柱和生物固定柱与股骨长成一个整体，提高长期稳定性；同时，正是由于股骨柄假体特殊的结构设计，使得定位柱可以通过较短的长度达到与目前股骨柄柄身相同的效果，更好的保留了患者的原始骨质，以便为后续的翻修打下基础。
优选的，所述仿生固定支撑座呈盘状，其靠近定位柱的一侧均布有多根用于伸入原始骨质内的生物固定柱，生物固定柱为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构。
通过采用上述技术方案，股骨柄假体植入股骨内后，生物固定柱可伸入原始骨质内，用于提高股骨柄假体植入后的稳定性。
优选的，还包括绑带；
定位柱上加工有沿自身径向贯通的第一通孔，仿生固定支撑座上加工有沿自身厚度方向贯通的第二通孔，绑带通过第一通孔和第二通孔与股骨绑扎固定。
通过采用上述技术方案，绑带、第一通孔和第二通孔的设置，能够对股骨柄假体进行二次固定，提高植入的可靠性。
优选的，所述第一通孔为两个，第二通孔为三个，且三个第二通孔之间呈三角形布置。
通过采用上述技术方案，使得医护人员能够在穿线的过程中，通过绑带对股骨柄假体进行三角固定，稳定性更高。
优选的，所述股骨柄假体和髋臼杯均由3D打印一体成型。
通过采用上述技术方案，便于与患者的股骨和髋臼窝高度匹配，提高手术的成功率。
优选的，所述髋臼杯包括内层壳体、外层壳体，以及多个设置于外层壳体上的用于模拟钛钉的凸起。
通过采用上述技术方案，通过设置凸起来代替传统的钛钉，使得髋臼杯能够在无孔的情况下实现固定，大大降低了由于磨屑从孔内流出而造成的骨溶解风险，提高了临床使用的安全性。
优选的，所述内层壳体为实体结构，外层壳体为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构。
通过采用上述技术方案，内层壳体的强度较高，主要起支撑的作用；外层壳体的上述设置，便于骨长入，使髋臼杯与髋臼窝长成一个整体，提高术后的长期稳定性。
优选的，所述凸起为三个。
通过采用上述技术方案，以便对髋臼杯进行牢靠固定。
优选的，所述髋臼衬由掺混维生素E的超高分子量聚乙烯加工而成。
通过采用上述技术方案，具有较高的抗氧化稳定性和耐磨性，能够有效降低脱位风险，延长使用寿命。
优选的，所述股骨头由陶瓷复合材料加工而成。
通过采用上述技术方案，具有较佳的机械性能，且破损率低，能够大大提高股骨头的使用寿命。
综上所述，本申请包括以下至少一种有益技术效果：
1、本申请通过股骨柄假体特殊的结构设计，使得定位柱可以通过较短的长度达到与目前股骨柄柄身相同的效果，更好的保留了患者的原始骨质，以便为后续的翻修打下基础；
2、通过3D打印加工而成的股骨柄假体和髋臼杯能够与患者的股骨和髋臼窝高度匹配，大大提高手术的成功率；
3、通过骨长入和绑扎双重固定的方式，大大提高了假体植入后的稳定性和牢靠性；
4、通过设置凸起来代替传统的钛钉，使得髋臼杯能够在无孔的情况下实现固定，大大降低了由于磨屑从孔内流出而造成的骨溶解风险，提高了临床使用的安全性。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例的全髋置换假体的整体结构示意图；
图2是体现股骨柄假体具体结构的示意图；
图3是体现髋臼杯具体结构的示意图。
附图标记说明：1、股骨柄假体；11、定位柱；12、仿生固定支撑座；13、股骨颈；14、生物固定柱；15、第一通孔；16、第二通孔；2、股骨头；3、髋臼杯；31、内层壳体；32、外层壳体；33、凸起；4、髋臼衬；5、绑带。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图1-3对本申请作进一步详细说明。
本申请实施例公开了一种全髋置换假体。参照图1，全髋置换假体包括股骨柄假体1、安装在股骨柄假体1上的股骨头2、与股骨头2相配合的髋臼杯3、位于髋臼杯3内且与股骨头2直接接触的髋臼衬4，以及绑带5；其中，股骨柄假体1和髋臼杯3均通过3D打印技术一体化加工而成，与患者的股骨和髋臼窝高度匹配，大大提高了手术的成功率以及术后的恢复速度。
参照图2，股骨柄假体1包括定位柱11、固接于定位柱11一端的仿生固定支撑座12，以及固接于仿生固定支撑座12远离定位柱11一侧的股骨颈13；定位柱11主要用于伸入股骨髓腔内，起承力作用；仿生固定支撑座12呈盘状，主要用于增加股骨柄假体1与股骨的接触面积，以便分摊受力，降低骨穿刺的可能性；在仿生固定支撑座12靠近定位柱11的一侧均匀分布有多根生物固定柱14，股骨柄假体1植入股骨内后，生物固定柱14可伸入原始骨质内，用于提高股骨柄假体1植入后的稳定性。
定位柱11和生物固定柱14均由钛粉、钽粉混合打印而成，两种材料的混合，使得定位柱11和生物固定柱14具有良好的耐腐蚀性和生物相容性，可以为骨长入提供良好的初始稳定性，是一种极佳的生物固定界面。同时具有与人体松质骨结构特点相同的蜂窝状立体结构，即仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构，这种结构便于促进细胞增殖，提高成骨细胞的造骨能力，对骨长入有良好的促进作用，能够使定位柱11和生物固定柱14与股骨长成一个整体，提高长期稳定性，有效解决了当前市面上生物固定骨长入界面长期稳定性不佳的问题，是3D打印技术领域里的一次创新。
参照图2，由于股骨柄假体1特殊的结构设计，使得定位柱11可以通过较短的长度达到与目前股骨柄柄身相同的效果，更好的保留了患者的原始骨质，以便为后续的翻修打下基础。
参照图1和图2，定位柱11上加工有沿自身径向贯通的两个第一通孔15，两个第一通孔15沿定位柱11的长度方向并排布置；仿生固定支撑座12上加工有沿自身厚度方向贯通的三个第二通孔16，三个第二通孔16之间呈三角形布置，手术时，需在患者股骨对应两第一通孔15的位置打孔，而后通过绑带5穿过股骨上的孔、第一通孔15和第二通孔16与股骨进行绑扎，实现二次固定。
三个第二通孔16之间呈三角形的布置，使得医护人员能够在穿线的过程中，通过绑带5对股骨柄假体1进行三角固定，稳定性更高。
参照图1，股骨头2通过锥度配合的方式装配在股骨颈13上。更具体的是，股骨头2由陶瓷复合材料加工而成，其不仅具有较佳的机械性能，而且破损率极低，能够大大提高股骨头2的使用寿命。
髋臼衬4由掺混维生素E的超高分子量聚乙烯加工而成，其具有较高的抗氧化稳定性和耐磨性，能够有效降低脱位风险，延长使用寿命。
参照图3，髋臼杯3包括内层壳体31、外层壳体32，以及三个设置于外层壳体32上的用于模拟钛钉的凸起33，凸起33为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构，髋臼衬4安装在髋臼杯3内并且与内层壳体31内壁紧密贴合。更具体的是，内层壳体31是由钛合金加工而成的实体结构，主要用于保证髋臼杯3的结构强度；而外层壳体32则是由钛粉、钽粉混合打印而成的仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构，以便骨长入；植入时，通过压配的方式，使凸起33嵌入松质骨内，实现对髋臼杯3的固定。
本申请中通过3D打印加工而成的股骨柄假体1和髋臼杯3能够与患者的股骨和髋臼窝高度匹配，大大提高手术的成功率；通过骨长入和绑扎双重固定的方式，大大提高了假体植入后的稳定性和牢靠性；通过对股骨柄假体1特殊的结构设计，使得定位柱11可以仅通过较短的长度就可达到与目前股骨柄柄身相同的效果，更好的保留了患者的原始骨质，以便翻修；通过设置凸起33来代替传统的钛钉，使得髋臼杯3能够在无孔的情况下实现固定，大大降低了由于磨屑从孔内流出而造成的骨溶解风险，提高了临床使用的安全性。
以上均为本申请的较佳实施例，并非依此限制本申请的保护范围，故：凡依本申请的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化，均应涵盖于本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于，包括股骨柄假体(1)、安装在股骨柄假体(1)上的股骨头(2)、与股骨头(2)相配合的髋臼杯(3)，以及位于髋臼杯(3)内且与股骨头(2)直接接触的髋臼衬(4)；
股骨柄假体(1)包括定位柱(11)、固接于定位柱(11)一端的仿生固定支撑座(12)，以及固接于仿生固定支撑座(12)远离定位柱(11)一侧的股骨颈(13)，股骨头(2)装配在股骨颈(13)上；
定位柱(11)为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：所述仿生固定支撑座(12)呈盘状，其靠近定位柱(11)的一侧均布有多根用于伸入原始骨质内的生物固定柱(14)，生物固定柱(14)为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：还包括绑带(5)；
定位柱(11)上加工有沿自身径向贯通的第一通孔(15)，仿生固定支撑座(12)上加工有沿自身厚度方向贯通的第二通孔(16)，绑带(5)通过第一通孔(15)和第二通孔(16)与股骨绑扎固定。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：所述第一通孔(15)为两个，第二通孔(16)为三个，且三个第二通孔(16)之间呈三角形布置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：所述股骨柄假体(1)和髋臼杯(3)均由3D打印一体成型。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：所述髋臼杯(3)包括内层壳体(31)、外层壳体(32)，以及多个设置于外层壳体(32)上的用于模拟钛钉的凸起(33)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：所述内层壳体(31)为实体结构，外层壳体(32)为仿人体松质骨多孔骨小梁结构。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：所述凸起(33)为三个。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：所述髋臼衬(4)由掺混维生素E的超高分子量聚乙烯加工而成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种全髋置换假体，其特征在于：所述股骨头(2)由陶瓷复合材料加工而成。
CN202110006999.0A 2021-01-05 2021-01-05 一种全髋置换假体 Pending CN112618113A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113367849A (zh) * 2021-05-31 2021-09-10 北京力达康科技有限公司 一种双动全髋***
CN113456304A (zh) * 2021-05-20 2021-10-01 北京中安泰华科技有限公司 一种3d打印双动高耐磨全髋关节***

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113456304A (zh) * 2021-05-20 2021-10-01 北京中安泰华科技有限公司 一种3d打印双动高耐磨全髋关节***
CN113367849A (zh) * 2021-05-31 2021-09-10 北京力达康科技有限公司 一种双动全髋***

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