CN112615678B - Channel equalization method and device based on pilot signal - Google Patents

Channel equalization method and device based on pilot signal Download PDF

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CN112615678B
CN112615678B CN202011480166.XA CN202011480166A CN112615678B CN 112615678 B CN112615678 B CN 112615678B CN 202011480166 A CN202011480166 A CN 202011480166A CN 112615678 B CN112615678 B CN 112615678B
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pilot signal
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李海波
罗鸣
贺志学
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Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications Co Ltd
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50Transmitters
    • H04B10/516Details of coding or modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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Abstract

The invention provides a channel equalization method and equipment based on pilot signals. The method comprises the following steps: a transmitting end inserts a pilot signal in front of a data signal for bearing data information, and carries out polarization time coding on the pilot signal to obtain a combined signal consisting of the pilot signal subjected to the polarization time coding and the data signal for bearing the data information; and sending the combined signal to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel. According to the invention, the polarization time coding is carried out on the pilot signal at the sending end, so that the receiving end can decode the received pilot signal which is subjected to the polarization time coding and calculate the polarization rotation matrix, the calculation result is used as the initial coefficient of the self-adaptive Alamouti channel equalization module, the rapid convergence of the equalization algorithm is realized, compared with the traditional direct Decision-based minimum mean square error (DD-LMS) self-adaptive Alamouti equalization algorithm, the convergence speed is greatly improved, and the redundant information overhead is greatly reduced.

Description

Channel equalization method and device based on pilot signal
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of optical access network technologies, and in particular, to a channel equalization method and device based on a pilot signal.
Background
In a high-speed passive optical network PON (a single wavelength rate reaches more than 50 Gb/s), low-cost direct modulation direct detection (IM-DD) suffers from a series of problems, including low reception sensitivity, performance deterioration due to frequency selective fading introduced by chromatic dispersion when a baud rate is high and a transmission distance is long, and the like. As a technique widely used in a long-distance high-speed optical transmission system, the coherent reception technique can greatly improve the sensitivity of a receiver (thereby increasing a splitting ratio and a transmission distance), and can effectively perform digital domain dispersion compensation due to its linear detection characteristic. However, the coherent transceiver used in the long-distance high-speed optical transmission system is too costly, and the application thereof in the PON is limited.
The existing coherent receiving system irrelevant to polarization can well solve the problems. However, the existing polarization-independent coherent receiving system has the problems of low convergence speed of the Al ampout i equalization algorithm and high redundant information overhead.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a pilot signal-based channel equalization method and equipment, and aims to solve the technical problems of low convergence speed and high redundant information overhead of an Alamouti equalization algorithm in the existing polarization-independent coherent receiving system.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pilot signal based channel equalization method, where the pilot signal based channel equalization method is applied to a transmitting end, and the pilot signal based channel equalization method includes:
inserting a pilot signal in front of a data signal for bearing data information, and carrying out polarization time coding on the pilot signal to obtain a combined signal consisting of the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding and the data signal for bearing the data information;
and sending the combined signal to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel.
Optionally, the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding is composed of an X-polarized pilot signal and a Y-polarized pilot signal, where the X-polarized pilot signal is:
PX=[c,-c*,…c,-c*]T
the Y-polarized pilot signal is:
PY=[c,c*,…c,c*]T
wherein, the [ alpha ], [ beta ] -a]TWhich means transposing the matrix, c is the modulation signal corresponding to the modulation format of the data signal.
Optionally, the Jones matrix corresponding to the polarization response of the optical fiber channel is:
Figure BDA0002837235150000021
wherein, a is cos alpha,
Figure BDA0002837235150000022
denotesYoke operation, α and φ represent the rotation angles in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, for the two polarization states.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a pilot signal based channel equalization method, where the pilot signal based channel equalization method is applied to a receiving end, and the pilot signal based channel equalization method includes:
receiving a combined signal, the combined signal being transmitted based on the method as described above;
obtaining a pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding from the combined signal, decoding the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding, and calculating to obtain a polarization rotation matrix;
and taking the polarization rotation matrix as an initial coefficient of the adaptive Alamouti equalizer.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a sending end, where the sending end is configured to:
inserting a pilot signal in front of a data signal for bearing data information, and carrying out polarization time coding on the pilot signal to obtain a combined signal consisting of the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding and the data signal for bearing the data information;
and sending the combined signal to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel.
Optionally, the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding is composed of an X-polarized pilot signal and a Y-polarized pilot signal, where the X-polarized pilot signal is:
PX=[c,-c*,…c,-c*]T
the Y-polarized pilot signal is:
PY=[c,c*,…c,c*]T
wherein, the [ alpha ], [ beta ] -a]TWhich means transposing the matrix, c is the modulation signal corresponding to the modulation format of the data signal.
Optionally, the Jones matrix corresponding to the polarization response of the optical fiber channel is:
Figure BDA0002837235150000031
wherein, a is cos alpha,
Figure BDA0002837235150000032
denotes the conjugate operation and α and φ denotes the rotation angle in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, for the two polarization states.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a receiving end, where the receiving end is configured to:
receiving a combined signal, wherein the combined signal is transmitted based on the transmitting end;
obtaining a pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding from the combined signal, decoding the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding, and calculating to obtain a polarization rotation matrix;
and taking the polarization rotation matrix as an initial coefficient of the adaptive Alamouti equalizer.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention further provides a pilot signal based channel equalization apparatus, which includes a processor, a memory, and a pilot signal based channel equalization program stored on the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the pilot signal based channel equalization program is executed by the processor, the steps of the pilot signal based channel equalization method as described above are implemented.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention further provides a readable storage medium, which stores a pilot signal based channel equalization program, wherein the pilot signal based channel equalization program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the pilot signal based channel equalization method as described above.
In the invention, a pilot signal is inserted in front of a data signal for bearing data information, and polarization time coding is carried out on the pilot signal to obtain a combined signal consisting of the pilot signal subjected to the polarization time coding and the data signal for bearing the data information; and sending the combined signal to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel. According to the invention, the polarization time coding is carried out on the pilot signal at the sending end, so that the receiving end can decode the received pilot signal which is subjected to the polarization time coding and calculate the polarization rotation matrix, the calculation result is used as the initial coefficient of the self-adaptive Alamouti channel equalization module, the rapid convergence of the equalization algorithm is realized, compared with the traditional direct Decision-based minimum mean square error (DD-LMS) self-adaptive Alamouti equalization algorithm, the convergence speed is greatly improved, and the redundant information overhead is greatly reduced.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic hardware structure diagram of a pilot signal-based channel equalization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for channel equalization based on pilot signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a frame structure of a combined signal according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for pilot signal based channel equalization according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of an Alamouti equalization method for fast convergence at a receiving end in an embodiment.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pilot signal-based channel equalization apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a pilot signal-based channel equalization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment of the present invention, the pilot signal-based channel equalization apparatus may include a processor 1001 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit, CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. The communication bus 1002 is used for realizing connection communication among the components; the user interface 1003 may include a Display screen (Display), an input unit such as a Keyboard (Keyboard); the network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface, a WIreless interface (e.g., a WI-FI interface, WI-FI interface); the memory 1005 may be a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as a magnetic disk memory, and the memory 1005 may optionally be a storage device independent of the processor 1001. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the hardware configuration depicted in FIG. 1 is not intended to be limiting of the present invention, and may include more or less components than those shown, or some components in combination, or a different arrangement of components.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the memory 1005 of fig. 1, which is one type of computer storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a pilot signal based channel equalization program. The processor 1001 may call a pilot signal-based channel equalization program stored in the memory 1005, and execute the pilot signal-based channel equalization method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pilot signal-based channel equalization method, which is applied to a transmitting end.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a pilot signal-based channel equalization method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the pilot signal based channel equalization method is applied to a transmitting end, and the pilot signal based channel equalization method includes:
step S10, inserting pilot signal before data signal for carrying data information, and carrying out polarization time coding to the pilot signal to obtain combined signal composed of pilot signal after polarization time coding and data signal for carrying data information;
in this embodiment, the transmitting end inserts the pilot signal before the data signal for carrying the data information, and performs polarization time coding on the pilot signal, so as to obtain a combined signal composed of the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding and the data signal for carrying the data information. Wherein the polarization time encoded pilot signal is used for channel equalization.
Further, in an embodiment, the polarization time coded pilot signal is composed of an X-polarized pilot signal and a Y-polarized pilot signal, where the X-polarized pilot signal is:
PX=[c,-c*,…c,-c*]T; (1)
the Y-polarized pilot signal is:
PY=[c,c*,…c,c*]T; (2)
wherein, the [ alpha ], [ beta ] -a]TWhich means transposing the matrix, c is the modulation signal corresponding to the modulation format of the data signal. For example, if the modulation format of the data signal is 16QAM, c is an arbitrary fixed 16QAM modulated signal. Without loss of generality, assume PXAnd PYEach length of (2M) represents half the length of the pilot signal component.
And step S20, sending the combined signal to a receiving end through a fiber channel.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a combined signal in an embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, each data signal is preceded by a pilot signal (polarization time encoded), and the polarization time encoded pilot signal is composed of an X-polarized pilot signal and a Y-polarized pilot signal.
Further, in an embodiment, the Jones matrix corresponding to the polarization response of the optical fiber channel is:
Figure BDA0002837235150000061
wherein, a is cos alpha,
Figure BDA0002837235150000062
denotes the conjugate operation and α and φ denotes the rotation angle in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, for the two polarization states.
In this example, the polarization response of the fiber channel is modeled as a Jones matrix as shown in (3).
In this embodiment, a pilot signal is inserted before a data signal for carrying data information, and polarization time coding is performed on the pilot signal to obtain a combined signal composed of the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding and the data signal for carrying data information; and sending the combined signal to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel. According to the embodiment, the polarization time coding is carried out on the pilot signal at the sending end, so that the receiving end can decode the received pilot signal subjected to the polarization time coding and calculate the polarization rotation matrix, the calculation result is used as the initial coefficient of the adaptive Alamouti channel equalization module, the rapid convergence of the equalization algorithm is realized, and compared with the traditional direct Decision-based minimum mean square error (DD-LMS) adaptive Alamouti equalization algorithm, the convergence speed is greatly improved, and the redundant information overhead is greatly reduced.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pilot signal-based channel equalization method, where the pilot signal-based channel equalization method is applied to a receiving end.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a pilot signal-based channel equalization method according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the pilot signal based channel equalization method is applied to a receiving end, and the pilot signal based channel equalization method includes:
step S30, receiving a combined signal, the combined signal being sent based on the method according to the second aspect;
in this embodiment, the receiving end receives the combined signal sent by the sending end through the optical fiber channel.
Step S40, obtaining a pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding from the combined signal, decoding the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding and calculating to obtain a polarization rotation matrix;
in this embodiment, the receiving end may receive a signal of any polarization of the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding in the combined signal. That is, the receiving end can receive either the X-polarized pilot signal or the Y-polarized pilot signal. Under the condition that the frequency offset of the laser is eliminated, if only phase noise is considered, the pilot signal r which is received by the receiving end and is subjected to polarization time coding is as follows:
Figure BDA0002837235150000063
wherein, thetakWhere (k is 1,2, …,2M) represents phase noise corresponding to the kth time, and e represents phase noise corresponding to the kth timej(·)A complex exponential function representing a natural constant. Substituting (1) and (2) into (4) according to theta2i-1≈θ2iI ═ 1,2 …, m, we can get:
Figure BDA0002837235150000071
divide r into odd time-series parts
Figure BDA0002837235150000072
And a part with even time sequence number
Figure BDA0002837235150000073
And to reTaking the conjugate, then (5) is written in the form of a matrix as follows:
Figure BDA0002837235150000074
without loss of generality, item (i) in (6), namely:
Figure BDA0002837235150000075
then the matrix elementary transformation calculation can be used to obtain:
Figure BDA0002837235150000076
since | b |2+|a|21, so it can be calculated that:
Figure BDA0002837235150000077
considering the influence of noise on the calculation result, i is 1,2 …, M is subjected to an average value processing, and is subjected to root sign opening, so that an approximate estimation is obtained:
Figure BDA0002837235150000078
since | b |2+|a|21, one can calculate:
Figure BDA0002837235150000079
from (7) can also be obtained:
Figure BDA00028372351500000710
Figure BDA00028372351500000711
the phases are simultaneously obtained for both sides (12) and (13), and the following can be obtained:
angle[a]+θ2i-1=angle[ro(i)c*-re(i)c]; (14)
angle[b]+θ2i-1=angle[ro(i)c*+re(i)c]; (15)
considering the influence of noise on the calculation result, i is 1,2 …, and M is subjected to an averaging process to obtain:
Figure BDA0002837235150000081
Figure BDA0002837235150000082
due to the randomness of the phase noise, it is truncated to give an approximate estimate of the sum:
Figure BDA0002837235150000083
Figure BDA0002837235150000084
combining (10), (11), and (18), (19), an approximate estimated Jones matrix can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002837235150000085
(20) i.e. the resulting polarization rotation matrix.
And step S50, taking the polarization rotation matrix as an initial coefficient of the adaptive Alamouti equalizer.
In the present embodiment, the calculation is based on (20)
Figure BDA0002837235150000086
Figure BDA0002837235150000087
Respectively as initial coefficients of an Alamouti equalizer, and then carrying out adaptive Alamouti equalization decoding on the data.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a block diagram of an Alamouti equalization method for fast convergence at a receiving end in an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, at the receiving end, the received pilot signal is first extracted and calculated according to (20)
Figure BDA0002837235150000088
Figure BDA0002837235150000089
The coefficients are respectively used as initial coefficients of an Alamouti equalizer, and then adaptive Alamouti equalization decoding is performed on the data.
In this embodiment, the polarization rotation matrix is calculated through pilot frequency and is used as an initial coefficient of an initial Alamouti equalizer, so that fast convergence can be achieved. Therefore, compared with the traditional DD-LMS-based adaptive Alamouti equalizer, the time required by the adaptive equalization process for acquiring the polarization rotation information in the early stage can be greatly reduced.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a sending end.
In an embodiment, the sending end is configured to:
inserting a pilot signal in front of a data signal for bearing data information, and carrying out polarization time coding on the pilot signal to obtain a combined signal consisting of the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding and the data signal for bearing the data information;
and sending the combined signal to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel.
Further, in an embodiment, the polarization time coded pilot signal is composed of an X-polarized pilot signal and a Y-polarized pilot signal, where the X-polarized pilot signal is:
PX=[c,-c*,…c,-c*]T
the Y-polarized pilot signal is:
PY=[c,c*,…c,c*]T
wherein, the [ alpha ], [ beta ] -a]TWhich means transposing the matrix, c is the modulation signal corresponding to the modulation format of the data signal.
Further, in an embodiment, the Jones matrix corresponding to the polarization response of the optical fiber channel is:
Figure BDA0002837235150000092
wherein,a=cosα,
Figure BDA0002837235150000091
Denotes the conjugate operation and α and φ denotes the rotation angle in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, for the two polarization states.
The specific embodiment of the transmitting end is basically the same as that of the third embodiment, and is not described herein again.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a receiving end.
In an embodiment, the receiving end is configured to:
receiving a combined signal, the combined signal being transmitted based on the transmitting end according to the fourth aspect;
obtaining a pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding from the combined signal, decoding the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding, and calculating to obtain a polarization rotation matrix;
and taking the polarization rotation matrix as an initial coefficient of the adaptive Alamouti equalizer.
The specific embodiment of the receiving end is basically the same as that of the fourth embodiment, and is not described herein again.
In a sixth aspect, the embodiment of the invention further provides a readable storage medium.
The readable storage medium of the present invention stores a pilot signal based channel equalization program, wherein the pilot signal based channel equalization program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the pilot signal based channel equalization method as described above.
The method implemented when the pilot signal based channel equalization procedure is executed may refer to various embodiments of the pilot signal based channel equalization method of the present invention, and details thereof are not repeated herein.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (e.g., ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above and includes instructions for causing a terminal device to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for channel equalization based on a pilot signal, wherein the method for channel equalization based on a pilot signal is applied to a transmitting end, and the method for channel equalization based on a pilot signal comprises:
inserting a pilot signal in front of a data signal for carrying data information, and performing polarization time coding on the pilot signal to obtain a combined signal composed of the polarization time coded pilot signal and the data signal for carrying data information, where the polarization time coded pilot signal is composed of an X-polarized pilot signal and a Y-polarized pilot signal, and the X-polarized pilot signal is:
PX=[c,-c*,…c,-c*]T
the Y-polarized pilot signal is:
PY=[c,c*,…c,c*]T
wherein, the [ alpha ], [ beta ] -a]TC is a modulation signal corresponding to the modulation format of the data signal;
and sending the combined signal to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel.
2. The method for pilot signal based channel equalization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polarization response of the fiber channel corresponds to a Jones matrix as follows:
Figure FDA0003308890300000011
wherein, a is cos alpha,
Figure FDA0003308890300000012
denotes the conjugate operation and α and φ denotes the rotation angle in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, for the two polarization states.
3. A method for channel equalization based on a pilot signal, wherein the method for channel equalization based on a pilot signal is applied to a receiving end, and the method for channel equalization based on a pilot signal comprises:
receiving a combined signal, the combined signal being transmitted based on the method of claim 1;
obtaining a pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding from the combined signal, decoding the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding, and calculating to obtain a polarization rotation matrix;
and taking the polarization rotation matrix as an initial coefficient of the adaptive Alamouti equalizer.
4. A transmitting end, characterized in that the transmitting end is configured to:
inserting a pilot signal in front of a data signal for carrying data information, and performing polarization time coding on the pilot signal to obtain a combined signal composed of the polarization time coded pilot signal and the data signal for carrying data information, where the polarization time coded pilot signal is composed of an X-polarized pilot signal and a Y-polarized pilot signal, and the X-polarized pilot signal is:
PX=[c,-c*,…c,-c*]T
the Y-polarized pilot signal is:
PY=[c,c*,…c,c*]T
wherein, the [ alpha ], [ beta ] -a]TC is a modulation signal corresponding to the modulation format of the data signal;
and sending the combined signal to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel.
5. The transmitting end of claim 4, wherein the polarization response of the fiber channel corresponds to a Jones matrix of:
Figure FDA0003308890300000021
wherein, a is cos alpha,
Figure FDA0003308890300000022
denotes the conjugate operation and α and φ denotes the rotation angle in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, for the two polarization states.
6. A receiving end, wherein the receiving end is configured to:
receiving a combined signal, the combined signal being transmitted based on the transmitting end of claim 4;
obtaining a pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding from the combined signal, decoding the pilot signal subjected to polarization time coding, and calculating to obtain a polarization rotation matrix;
and taking the polarization rotation matrix as an initial coefficient of the adaptive Alamouti equalizer.
7. A pilot signal based channel equalization apparatus, characterized in that the pilot signal based channel equalization apparatus comprises a processor, a memory, and a pilot signal based channel equalization program stored on the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the pilot signal based channel equalization program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the pilot signal based channel equalization method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
8. A readable storage medium, wherein a pilot signal based channel equalization program is stored on the readable storage medium, and wherein the pilot signal based channel equalization program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the pilot signal based channel equalization method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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Pilot-Aided Channel Equalization in RGI-PDM-CO-OFDM Systems;Xiang Li;《IEEE Photonics Technology Letters ( Volume:25,Issue:19)》;20130820;第1924-1927页 *
基于自适应ICA的PDM-CO-OFDM***信道均衡算法;顾欣;《光学学报》;20151010;全文 *

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