CN112615035A - Wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system - Google Patents
Wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112615035A CN112615035A CN202011444212.0A CN202011444212A CN112615035A CN 112615035 A CN112615035 A CN 112615035A CN 202011444212 A CN202011444212 A CN 202011444212A CN 112615035 A CN112615035 A CN 112615035A
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Ca] Chemical compound [Na].[Ca] VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
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- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system, which comprises a medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack, a wave photocatalysis fuel reforming system and a photo-induced oxidation activation system; the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack comprises a cathode, an anode and a solid electrolyte, the wave light catalytic fuel reforming system is used for carrying out catalytic reforming on fuel through electrodeless ultraviolet light and a reforming catalyst to obtain micromolecule fuel gas, namely hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and conveying the micromolecule fuel gas into the anode, the light induced oxidation activation system is used for separating enriched air to obtain oxygen-enriched air, oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is activated through an electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, the activated oxygen-enriched air is input into the cathode, and the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack is used for carrying out electrochemical reaction on the hydrogen, the carbon monoxide and the oxygen to convert chemical energy into electric energy. The invention has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, zero pollution emission, low cost of the battery system, long service life, wide fuel adaptability and high utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clean energy, in particular to a wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system.
Background
The fuel cell has excellent properties of high efficiency, low pollution, no noise, no need of charging, no combustion process, no high-speed moving parts, and the like, wherein the solid isOxide fuel cells are the most efficient energy technology for conversion in all current fuel cells. The fuel of the solid oxide fuel cell is widely selected and used, and not only can be H2CO and the like are used as fuels, and natural gas, coal gas and other hydrocarbons (such as methanol, ethanol, even high-carbon-chain liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel oil and the like) can be directly used as fuels. The solid oxide fuel cell takes ceramic which becomes an ionic conductor at high temperature as electrolyte, evaporation and precipitation of the electrolyte can not occur, the solid oxide fuel cell works under medium-high temperature conditions, the electrode reaction process is rapid, the solid oxide fuel cell can bear the poison of sulfide and CO with higher concentration, the requirement on the catalytic performance of the electrode is lower, a noble metal electrode is not needed, and the solid oxide fuel cell has the advantages of high efficiency, high power density, simple structure, long service life and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem and provides a wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system aiming at the defects. The invention takes CO and H2 with higher reaction activity produced by microwave electrodeless ultraviolet light condensation catalytic reforming as anode fuel gas, takes active oxygen with high electrochemical reducibility generated by exciting active oxygen by microwave electrodeless ultraviolet light as cathode oxidant, and takes doped cerium oxide as a solid electrolyte membrane, and has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, zero pollution emission, low cost of a battery system, long service life, wide fuel adaptability and high utilization rate; the power source is particularly suitable for being used as a power source of vehicles, ships, aircrafts and other transportation tools, and can also be used as a distributed power source.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wave light catalytic solid oxide fuel cell system comprises a medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack, a wave light catalytic fuel reforming system and a photo-induced oxygen activation system;
the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack comprises a cathode, an anode and a solid electrolyte, wherein the cathode and the anode are arranged on two sides of the solid electrolyte, the wave photocatalysis fuel reforming system is used for catalytically reforming fuel by adopting microwave electrodeless ultraviolet light and a reforming catalyst to obtain micromolecule fuel gas, namely hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and conveying the micromolecule fuel gas into the anode, the photo-oxidation activation system is used for separating enriched air to obtain oxygen-enriched air, activating oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air by using an electrodeless ultraviolet lamp and inputting the activated oxygen-enriched air into the cathode, the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack is used for performing electrochemical reaction on the hydrogen, the carbon monoxide and the oxygen to convert chemical energy into electric energy, the oxygen in the cathode obtains electrons to generate oxygen ions, and the oxygen ions pass through the solid electrolyte to react with the hydrogen or the carbon monoxide in the anode, and carbon dioxide and water are generated at the anode, releasing the heat of reaction.
The wave light catalytic fuel reforming system comprises a fuel supply system, a wave light catalytic fuel reformer and an anode circulating fan, wherein the fuel supply system is connected with the wave light catalytic fuel reformer, the output end of the wave light catalytic fuel reformer is connected with the input end of an anode, the anode circulating fan is arranged between the output end of the wave light catalytic fuel reformer and the input end of the anode, the fuel supply system is used for inputting fuel into the wave light catalytic fuel reformer, the wave light catalytic fuel reformer is used for catalytically reforming the fuel by using ultraviolet light and a reforming catalyst to obtain carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and the anode circulating fan is used for pumping the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen into the anode of the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack.
Further, the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer comprises a microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, a condenser, a reforming catalyst and a catalytic reactor, wherein the reforming catalyst is arranged in the catalytic reactor, the output end of the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp is connected with the catalytic reactor, the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp is used for generating ultraviolet light, the output end of the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp is provided with the condenser, and the condenser is used for converging light emitted by the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp into light spots and irradiating the light spots on the surface of the reforming catalyst in the catalytic reactor;
the fuel supply system comprises a fuel tank and an oil feed pump, wherein the oil feed pump is arranged at the output end of the fuel tank, the output end of the fuel tank is connected with the input end of the catalytic reactor, the fuel tank is used for storing fuel, and the oil feed pump is used for pumping the fuel in the fuel tank into the catalytic reactor.
Furthermore, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 180-300nm, and the temperature is 50-1200 ℃.
Further, the wave light catalytic fuel reforming system further comprises a solid carbon recovery system, the output end of the anode is connected with the input end of the solid carbon recovery system, the output end of the solid carbon recovery system is connected with the input end of the wave light catalytic fuel reformer, and the solid recovery system is used for receiving carbon dioxide, water and small molecule fuel gas which is not completely reacted and is generated in the anode.
Further, the solid carbon recovery system comprises a feed valve, a sodium-calcium tank, a feed valve, an adsorption reactor, a discharge valve, a recovery tank and an exhaust valve, wherein the feed valve is arranged at the input end of the adsorption reactor, the discharge valve is arranged at the output end of the adsorption reactor, the input end of the adsorption reactor is connected with the output end of the sodium-calcium tank, the output end of the adsorption reactor is connected with the input end of the recovery tank, the calcium-sodium tank is used for storing solid alkali, the feed valve is used for inputting the solid alkali in the calcium-sodium tank into the adsorption reactor, the discharge valve is used for discharging the solid alkali after adsorption reaction into the recovery tank, the feed valve is arranged at the input end of the sodium-calcium tank, the exhaust valve is arranged at the output end of the recovery tank, the output end of the anode is connected with the middle part of the adsorption reactor, the input end of the catalytic reactor is connected with the middle part of the adsorption reactor, the adsorption, and water and unreacted small molecule fuel gas are delivered to the catalytic reactor.
Furthermore, a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor are sequentially arranged between the output end of the anode and the adsorption reactor.
Further, the photoinduced oxygen activation system comprises an oxygen supply system and a cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, wherein the output end of the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp is connected with the input end of the cathode, the output end of the oxygen supply system is connected with the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, the oxygen supply system is used for enriching air to obtain oxygen-enriched air and conveying the oxygen-enriched air to the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, and the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp is used for activating the oxygen-enriched air through ultraviolet light.
Furthermore, the oxygen supply system comprises an air pump, an air filter, an air supply valve, an oxygen-enriched membrane and a pressure-releasing nitrogen-discharging valve, wherein the output end of the air pump is connected with the input end of the air filter, the air pump is used for pumping air into the air filter, the output end of the air filter is provided with the air supply valve, the output end of the air filter is connected with the input end of the oxygen-enriched membrane, the output end of the oxygen-enriched membrane is connected with the input end of a cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, the oxygen-enriched membrane is used for separating enriched air to obtain oxygen-enriched air and oxygen-poor air, the pressure-releasing nitrogen-discharging valve is arranged on the oxygen-enriched membrane, and the pressure-releasing nitrogen-discharging valve is used for.
Furthermore, a cathode circulating fan is arranged at the output end of the cathode, the output end of the cathode circulating fan is connected with the input end of the oxygen-enriched membrane, and the cathode circulating fan is used for pumping the incompletely reacted oxygen into the oxygen-enriched membrane;
and a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor are sequentially arranged between the output end of the cathode and the cathode circulating fan.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the wave light catalytic fuel reformer and the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet light condensation catalytic fuel reforming to produce CO and H with higher reaction activity2As anode fuel gas, it has fast start and stop speed, high efficiency, low cost and wide fuel adaptability.
2. The invention adopts the solid carbon recovery system, receives the water vapor, the carbon dioxide, the incompletely reacted fuel gas and the reaction waste heat generated by the cell reaction through the solid carbon recovery system, absorbs the carbon dioxide and the water vapor, and sends the fuel gas and the reaction waste heat back to the wave light catalytic reformer for recycling, thereby improving the use efficiency of the fuel, ensuring that the anode fuel gas closed circulation system does not need heat exchange, heat extraction and exhaust, realizing zero pollution emission, improving the utilization rate of the fuel and reducing the cost of the cell system.
3. The cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet light is used for exciting the activated oxygen to generate the active oxygen with high electrochemical reducibility as the cathode oxidant, so that the reaction temperature and the electrode catalytic performance requirements required by the battery reaction can be reduced, the system cost of the battery is reduced, and the theoretical voltage and the reaction rate of the battery can be improved.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wave photocatalytic fuel reforming system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photo-oxidation activation system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the electrochemical reaction process of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. a medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack; 11. a cathode; 12. an anode; 13. a solid electrolyte; 21. a fuel supply system; 211. a fuel tank; 212. an oil supply pump; 22. a wave photocatalytic fuel reformer; 221. a microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp; 222. a condenser lens; 223. a reforming catalyst; 224. a catalytic reactor; 23. an anode circulating fan; 24. a solid carbon recovery system; 241. a feed valve; 242. a sodium calcium tank; 243. a feed valve; 244. an adsorption reactor; 245. a discharge valve; 246. a recycling bin; 247. an evacuation valve; 25. a first temperature sensor; 26. a first pressure sensor; 31. an oxygen supply system; 311. an air pump; 312. an air filter; 313. an air supply valve; 314. an oxygen-rich membrane; 315. a pressure relief nitrogen discharge valve; 32. a cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp; 33. a cathode circulating fan; 34. a second temperature sensor; 35. a second pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a wave photocatalytic solid oxide fuel cell system includes a medium-low temperature solid oxide fuel cell stack 1, a wave photocatalytic fuel reforming system, and a photo-oxidation activation system; the electrochemical reaction of the cell is shown in figure 4;
the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack 1 comprises a cathode 11, an anode 12 and a solid electrolyte 13, wherein the cathode 11 and the anode 12 are arranged at two sides of the solid electrolyte 13, the wave light catalytic fuel reforming system is used for catalytically reforming fuel by adopting microwave electrodeless ultraviolet light and a reforming catalyst 223 to obtain small molecular fuel gas, namely hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and conveying the small molecular fuel gas into the anode 12, the photo-induced oxygen activation system is used for separating enriched air to obtain oxygen-enriched air, activating oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air by the electrodeless ultraviolet light, inputting the activated oxygen-enriched air into the cathode 11, the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack 1 is used for enabling the hydrogen, the carbon monoxide and the oxygen to carry out electrochemical reaction to convert chemical energy into electric energy, obtaining electrons from the oxygen in the cathode 11 to generate oxygen ions, and enabling the oxygen ions to pass through the solid electrolyte 13 to react with the hydrogen or the carbon monoxide in the anode 12, carbon dioxide and water are generated at the anode 12 to release reaction heat;
in this embodiment, the anode 12 is made of a metal matrix composite material, such as Ni-based, the anode 12 is made of 40 porous nickel electrodes with an area of 40cm x 50cm, and the very solid electrolyte 13 is made of oxygen ions (O)2-) A conductor medium-low temperature solid electrolyte membrane, such as doped cerium oxide, a perovskite structure oxide material, such as LSM, is adopted as the cathode 11, and 40 pieces of the cathode are adoptedA porous LSM material motor with an area of 40cm by 50 cm;
the fuel can adopt gasoline, methane or alcohol and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, as an embodiment, the wave photocatalytic fuel reforming system includes a fuel supply system 21, a wave photocatalytic fuel reformer 22, and an anode circulation fan 23, the fuel supply system 21 is connected to the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer 22, an output end of the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer 22 is connected to an input end of the anode 12, the anode circulation fan 23 is disposed between the output end of the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer 22 and the input end of the anode 12, the fuel supply system 21 is configured to input fuel into the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer 22, the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer 22 is configured to catalytically reform the fuel by using ultraviolet light and a reforming catalyst 223 to obtain carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and the anode circulation fan 23 is configured to pump the carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the anode 12 of the middle-low temperature solid fuel cell stack 1.
As an embodiment, the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer 22 includes a microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 221, a condenser 222, a reforming catalyst 223 and a catalytic reactor 224, the reforming catalyst 223 is disposed in the catalytic reactor 224, an output end of the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 221 is connected with the catalytic reactor 224, the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 221 is used for generating ultraviolet light, an output end of the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 221 is provided with the condenser 222, and the condenser 222 is used for condensing light emitted by the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 221 into light spots and irradiating the light spots on the surface of the reforming catalyst 223 in the catalytic reactor 224;
in this embodiment, two sets of microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps 221 and a condenser 222 are arranged outside a catalytic reactor 224, an output end of each microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 221 is connected with a side face of the catalytic reactor 224 through a flange, the condenser 222 is arranged at the flange connection position, the power of each microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 221 is 2KW, the starting and stopping speeds of the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps are high, the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps are started, the ultraviolet light is collected through the condensers, the formed light spot can reach 1000 ℃, the reforming catalyst 223 is made of a Ni-based cerium oxide composite material, the catalytic reactor 224 is a tubular reactor, an inner lining of the catalytic reactor 224 is made of a refractory material, and an insulating layer is arranged outside the catalytic reactor.
The fuel supply system 21 includes a fuel tank 211 and a fuel feed pump 212, the fuel feed pump 212 is disposed at an output end of the fuel tank 211, the output end of the fuel tank 211 is connected to an input end of the catalytic reactor 224, the fuel tank 211 is used for storing fuel, and the fuel feed pump 212 is used for pumping the fuel in the fuel tank 211 into the catalytic reactor 224.
In one embodiment, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 180-300nm, and the temperature is 50-1200 ℃.
In one embodiment, the wave photocatalytic fuel reforming system further comprises a solid carbon recovery system 24, wherein the output end of the anode 12 is connected with the input end of the solid carbon recovery system 24, the output end of the solid carbon recovery system 24 is connected with the input end of the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer 22, and the solid recovery system is used for receiving carbon dioxide, water and incompletely reacted small molecule fuel gas generated in the anode 12.
As an embodiment, the carbon sequestration recovery system 24 includes a feeding valve 241, a sodium-calcium tank 242, a feeding valve 243, an adsorption reactor 244, a discharging valve 245, a recovery tank 246 and an emptying valve 247, the input end of the adsorption reactor 244 is provided with the feeding valve 243, the output end is provided with the discharging valve 245, the input end of the adsorption reactor 244 is connected with the output end of the sodium-calcium tank 242, the output end is connected with the input end of the recovery tank 246, the calcium-sodium tank 242 is used for storing solid alkali, and the solid alkali includes Na2CO3、CaCO3、MgCO3The feeding valve 243 is used for inputting solid alkali in the calcium sodium tank 242 into the adsorption reactor 244, the discharge valve 245 is used for discharging solid alkali after adsorption reaction into the recovery tank 246, the input end of the sodium calcium tank 242 is provided with the feeding valve 241, the output end of the recovery tank 246 is provided with the emptying valve 247, the output end of the anode 12 is connected with the middle part of the adsorption reactor 244, the input end of the catalytic reactor 224 is connected with the middle part of the adsorption reactor 244, the adsorption reactor 224 is used for absorbing carbon dioxide generated in the anode 12 through the solid alkali, and water and unreacted micromolecule fuel gas are conveyed to the catalytic reactorA chemical reactor 224.
In one embodiment, a first temperature sensor 25 and a first pressure sensor 26 are sequentially disposed between the output end of the anode 12 and the adsorption reactor 224, and the first temperature sensor 25 and the first pressure sensor 26 are used for detecting the temperature and the gas pressure of the residual gas discharged from the anode.
As shown in fig. 3, as an embodiment, the photo-oxidation activation system includes an oxygen supply system 31 and a cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32, an output end of the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32 is connected with an input end of the cathode 11, an output end of the oxygen supply system 31 is connected with the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32, the oxygen supply system 31 is used for enriching air to obtain oxygen-enriched air and delivering the oxygen-enriched air to the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32, and the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32 is used for activating the oxygen-enriched air by ultraviolet light;
in this embodiment, the power of the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32 is 1KW, the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32 is composed of a microwave source, a waveguide tube, quartz illuminants, a spherical metal shell, an air inlet tube and an air outlet tube, the air inlet tube and the air outlet tube are both communicated with the spherical metal shell, a plurality of quartz illuminants are arranged in the spherical metal shell, the microwave source is arranged outside the spherical metal shell, the waveguide tube is arranged at the output end of the microwave source and used for guiding ultraviolet light emitted by the microwave source into the spherical metal shell to excite the quartz illuminants to emit light, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 180-300nm, the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32 is used for generating microwave and ultraviolet light to excite and activate oxygen in oxygen-enriched air, and reducing reaction activity of oxygen, thereby reducing requirements on cathode catalytic performance and reaction temperature, the manufacturing cost of the electromagnetic stack is reduced.
As an embodiment, the oxygen supply system 31 includes an air pump 311, an air filter 312, an air supply valve 313, an oxygen-enriched membrane 314, and a pressure-releasing nitrogen-discharging valve 315, an output end of the air pump 311 is connected to an input end of the air filter 312, a power of the air pump 311 is 0.3KW, the air pump 311 is configured to pump the air pump 311 into the air filter 312, an output end of the air filter 312 is provided with the air supply valve 313, an output end of the air filter 312 is connected to an input end of the oxygen-enriched membrane 314, an output end of the oxygen-enriched membrane 314 is connected to an input end of the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp 32, the oxygen-enriched membrane 314 is configured to separate enriched air to obtain oxygen-enriched air and oxygen-depleted air, the oxygen-enriched membrane 314 is provided with the pressure-releasing nitrogen-discharging valve 315, and the pressure-releasing nitrogen-discharging valve 315.
In one embodiment, the output end of the cathode 11 is provided with a cathode circulating fan 33, the output end of the cathode circulating fan 33 is connected with the input end of the oxygen-enriched membrane 314, and the cathode circulating fan 33 is used for pumping the incompletely reacted oxygen into the oxygen-enriched membrane 314;
a second temperature sensor 34 and a second pressure sensor 35 are sequentially arranged between the output end of the cathode 11 and the cathode circulating fan 33, and the second temperature sensor 34 and the second pressure sensor 35 are used for detecting the temperature and the air pressure of residual air discharged from the cathode.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
anode working process: starting a microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, an anode circulating fan, a cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp and a cathode circulating fan to preheat the system;
when the indicated temperature of the first temperature sensor reaches 450 ℃, starting an oil feeding pump to pump fuel in a fuel tank into a catalytic reactor, starting a feeding valve to input solid alkali in a sodium-calcium tank into an adsorption reactor, enabling the fuel to generate catalytic reforming reaction in the catalytic reactor to generate micromolecule fuel gas carbon monoxide and hydrogen with high reaction activity, pumping the micromolecule fuel gas into an anode by an anode circulating fan, enabling the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen to generate electrochemical reaction with oxygen ions in the anode to generate water and carbon dioxide, and releasing reaction heat;
and (3) cathode working process: starting an air pump, a cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp and a cathode circulating fan, pumping air into an air filter by the air pump, preliminarily filtering impurities in the air by the air filter, opening an air supply valve to input the filtered air into an oxygen-enriched membrane, separating and enriching the oxygen-enriched membrane to obtain oxygen-enriched air and oxygen-deficient air with the oxygen content of 40%, discharging the oxygen-enriched air out of the system through a pressure-releasing nitrogen-discharging valve, and discharging the oxygen-enriched air out of the systemInputting into cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, activating oxygen by ultraviolet irradiation to obtain activated oxygen with high reduction activity, inputting into cathode after activation, and obtaining electrons in cathode by activated oxygen to form oxygen ions (O)2-) Oxygen ions permeate the solid electrolyte membrane to perform electrochemical reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the anode to generate carbon dioxide and water and release reaction heat;
the small molecular fuel gas which is not completely reacted in the anode and the generated water and carbon dioxide are discharged into an adsorption reactor, reaction waste heat in the anode is taken away, the carbon dioxide is reacted with solid alkali, water is absorbed by the solid alkali, the small molecular fuel gas which is not completely reacted is discharged into a catalytic reactor for cyclic utilization, and the residual gas which is not completely reacted in the cathode is sent into an oxygen-enriched membrane for cyclic utilization through a cathode circulating fan and takes away preheating in the cathode;
the temperature and the air pressure of residual air discharged by the anode and the cathode are detected through a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, and the power of a circulating fan is adjusted through temperature and air pressure data to adjust the temperature of the cathode and the anode in the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack;
the fuel system of the invention uses CO and H with higher reactivity2The active oxygen with high electrochemical reduction activity is used as a cathode oxidant as an anode fuel gas, so that the reaction activation energy of the battery is reduced, the requirements on the catalytic performance of the electrode and the reaction temperature of the battery can be greatly reduced, and the cost of a battery system is reduced; the fixed carbon recovery system is adopted to absorb and fix CO2, so that zero pollution emission can be realized, and waste heat, residual gas and water generated by cell reaction can be completely and directly recycled without a heat exchange system and a tail gas combustion system, thereby improving the utilization rate of fuel.
The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of the invention and details not described herein are within the common general knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system is characterized by comprising a medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack (1), a wave photocatalysis fuel reforming system and a photo-induced oxygen activation system;
the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack (1) comprises a cathode (11), an anode (12) and a solid electrolyte (13), wherein the cathode (11) and the anode (12) are arranged on two sides of the solid electrolyte (13), the wave light catalytic fuel reforming system is used for catalytically reforming fuel by adopting microwave electrodeless ultraviolet light and a reforming catalyst (223) to obtain small molecular fuel gas, namely hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and conveying the small molecular fuel gas into the anode (12), the light induced oxygen activation system is used for separating enriched air to obtain oxygen-enriched air, activating oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air by using the electrodeless ultraviolet lamp, and conveying the activated oxygen-enriched air into the cathode (11), the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack (1) is used for enabling the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide to perform electrochemical reaction with the oxygen, converting chemical energy into electric energy, and obtaining electrons from the oxygen in the cathode (11) to generate oxygen ions, the oxygen ions pass through the solid electrolyte (13) to react with hydrogen or carbon monoxide in the anode (12) and generate carbon dioxide and water at the anode (12), releasing the heat of reaction.
2. The wave photocatalytic solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave photocatalytic fuel reforming system comprises a fuel supply system (21), a wave photocatalytic fuel reformer (22) and an anode circulating fan (23), the fuel supply system (21) is connected with the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer (22), the output end of the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer (22) is connected with the input end of the anode (12), the anode circulating fan (23) is arranged between the output end of the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer (22) and the input end of the anode (12), the fuel supply system (21) is used for inputting fuel into the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer (22), the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer (22) is used for catalytically reforming the fuel by using ultraviolet light and a reforming catalyst (223) to obtain carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the anode circulating fan (23) is used for pumping carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the anode (12) of the medium-low temperature solid fuel cell stack (1).
3. The wave photocatalytic solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the wave photocatalytic fuel reformer (22) comprises microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (221), a condenser lens (222), a reforming catalyst (223) and a catalytic reactor (224), the reforming catalyst (223) is arranged in the catalytic reactor (224), the output ends of the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (221) are connected with the catalytic reactor (224), the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (221) are used for generating ultraviolet light, the output ends of the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (221) are provided with the condenser lens (222), and the condenser lens (222) is used for converging light emitted by the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (221) into light spots and irradiating the light spots on the surface of the reforming catalyst (223) in the catalytic reactor (224);
the fuel supply system (21) comprises a fuel tank (211) and a fuel feed pump (212), wherein the fuel feed pump (212) is arranged at the output end of the fuel tank (211), the output end of the fuel tank (211) is connected with the input end of the catalytic reactor (224), the fuel tank (211) is used for storing fuel, and the fuel feed pump (212) is used for pumping the fuel in the fuel tank (211) into the catalytic reactor (224).
4. The wave photocatalytic solid oxide fuel cell system as set forth in claim 3, wherein the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 180-300nm and the temperature is 50-1200 ℃.
5. The boatphotocatalytic solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 2, further comprising a solid carbon recovery system (24), wherein the output of the anode (12) is connected to an input of the solid carbon recovery system (24), wherein an output of the solid carbon recovery system (24) is connected to an input of the boatphotocatalytic fuel reformer (22), and wherein the solid state recovery system is configured to receive carbon dioxide, water, and incompletely reacted small molecule fuel gas generated in the anode (12).
6. The wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the fixed carbon recovery system (24) comprises a feed valve (241), a sodium calcium tank (242), a feed valve (243), an adsorption reactor (244), a discharge valve (245), a recovery tank (246) and an exhaust valve (247), the adsorption reactor (244) is provided with the feed valve (243) at an input end and the discharge valve (245) at an output end, the adsorption reactor (244) is connected with the output end of the sodium calcium tank (242) at the input end and the recovery tank (246) at the output end, the calcium sodium tank (242) is used for storing solid alkali, the feed valve (243) is used for inputting the solid alkali in the calcium sodium tank (242) into the adsorption reactor (244), and the discharge valve (245) is used for discharging the solid alkali after adsorption reaction into the recovery tank (246), the input of sodium-calcium case (242) is provided with charge valve (241), the output of collection box (246) is provided with blowoff valve (247), the output and the adsorption reactor (244) middle part of anode (12) are connected, the input and the adsorption reactor (244) middle part of catalytic reactor (224) are connected, adsorption reactor (224) are used for absorbing the carbon dioxide that produces in anode (12) through solid alkali to carry water and unreacted micromolecule fuel gas for catalytic reactor (224).
7. The boatphotocatalytic solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that a first temperature sensor (25) and a first pressure sensor (26) are arranged in sequence between the output of the anode (12) and the adsorption reactor (224).
8. The wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the photo-oxidation activation system comprises an oxygen supply system (31) and cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (32), the output end of the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (32) is connected with the input end of the cathode (11), the output end of the oxygen supply system (31) is connected with the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (32), the oxygen supply system (31) is used for enriching air to obtain oxygen-enriched air and delivering the oxygen-enriched air to the cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (32), and the microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamps (32) are used for activating the oxygen-enriched air by ultraviolet light.
9. The wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein the oxygen supply system (31) comprises an air pump (311), an air filter (312), an air supply valve (313), an oxygen enrichment membrane (314) and a pressure release nitrogen discharge valve (315), the output end of the air pump (311) is connected with the input end of the air filter (312), the air pump (311) is used for pumping the air pump (311) into the air filter (312), the output end of the air filter (312) is provided with the air supply valve (313), the output end of the air filter (312) is connected with the input end of the oxygen enrichment membrane (314), the output end of the oxygen enrichment membrane (314) is connected with the input end of a cathode microwave electrodeless ultraviolet lamp (32), the oxygen enrichment membrane (314) is used for separating enriched air to obtain oxygen enriched air and oxygen depleted air, the pressure release nitrogen discharge valve (315) is arranged on the oxygen enrichment membrane (314), the pressure-release nitrogen discharge valve (315) is used for discharging oxygen-deficient air.
10. The wave photocatalysis solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 9, wherein the output end of the cathode (11) is provided with a cathode circulating fan (33), the output end of the cathode circulating fan (33) is connected with the input end of the oxygen-enriched membrane (314), and the cathode circulating fan (33) is used for pumping the oxygen which is not completely reacted into the oxygen-enriched membrane (314);
and a second temperature sensor (34) and a second pressure sensor (35) are sequentially arranged between the output end of the cathode (11) and the cathode circulating fan (33).
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