CN112614690A - Preparation method of high-performance permanent magnet - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-performance permanent magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN112614690A CN112614690A CN202011639842.3A CN202011639842A CN112614690A CN 112614690 A CN112614690 A CN 112614690A CN 202011639842 A CN202011639842 A CN 202011639842A CN 112614690 A CN112614690 A CN 112614690A
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- permanent magnet
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- performance permanent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method of a high-performance permanent magnet. The method can reduce the grain boundary diffusion cost of the permanent magnet and reduce energy consumption, and belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet preparation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a diffusion source and an organic solvent according to the powder ratio of 1-6: 1 to prepare a mixture; II, secondly: spraying the mixture on the surface of a magnet through a spray gun to form a composite coating structure which accounts for 0.4-1.2% of the total weight gain of the matrix from inside to outside; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: and carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the sprayed magnet, and then carrying out low-temperature treatment to obtain the permanent magnet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a high-performance permanent magnet.
Background
In the prior art, pure heavy rare earth element Dy/Tb or hydride, oxide, fluoride and other powder containing the heavy rare earth Dy/Tb are used as raw materials, a layer of uniform coating is formed on the surface of a matrix through a spraying technology, and then the heavy rare earth element Dy/Tb is uniformly infiltrated into the crystal boundary of the matrix through heat treatment such as high-temperature diffusion and low-temperature aging, so that the intrinsic coercive force of the sintered neodymium iron boron is greatly improved.
Rare raw materials of heavy rare earth such as Dy/Tb and the like and low priceHigh drugAnd the pure metal simple substance is used as a diffusion source, so that the cost is high, the profit is low, and the production is not facilitated. Meanwhile, pure metal Dy/Tb and hydride, oxide and fluoride containing Dy/Tb have high melting point, and need higher heat treatment temperature and longer heat treatment time to realize uniform diffusion to the crystal boundary, so that the energy consumption is high, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance permanent magnet, which can reduce the grain boundary diffusion cost of the permanent magnet and reduce energy consumption, and aims to solve the defect of high cost of the existing permanent magnet.
The technical problem is solved by the following technical scheme:
a method of making a high performance permanent magnet, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a diffusion source and an organic solvent according to the powder ratio of 1-6: 1 to prepare a mixture;
II, secondly: spraying the mixture on the surface of a magnet through a spray gun to form a composite coating structure which accounts for 0.4-1.2% of the total weight gain of the matrix from inside to outside;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: and carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the sprayed magnet, and then carrying out low-temperature treatment to obtain the permanent magnet.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step 1, the diffusion source is in a powder shape, and the particle size of the powder diffusion source is less than 10 microns.
As a further scheme of the invention: and the composite coating structure in the third step is a TbH-TbCu10-TbAl10 composite coating structure.
As a further scheme of the invention: the TbH-TbCu10-TbAl10 composite coating structure comprises a TbH layer, a TbCu10 layer and a TbAl10 layer.
As a further scheme of the invention: the weight of the TbH layer is 0.4 percent, the weight of the TbCu10 layer is 0.3 percent, and the weight of the TbAl10 layer is 0.3 percent.
As a further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the high-temperature treatment in the fourth step is 720-.
As a further scheme of the invention: the high temperature treatment time in the fourth step is 6-10 hours.
As a further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the low-temperature treatment in the fourth step is 400-480 ℃.
As a further scheme of the invention: the low-temperature treatment time in the fourth step is 3-6 hours.
The invention can achieve the following effects:
the invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance permanent magnet, and compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the following beneficial effects: the grain boundary diffusion cost of the permanent magnet can be reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, a method for preparing a high-performance permanent magnet, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing diffusion sources TbH, TbCu and TbAl with an organic solvent according to the powder ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixture A, a mixture B and a mixture C;
II, secondly: sequentially spraying the mixture A, the mixture B and the mixture C on the surface of the magnet through a spray gun to form a TbH-TbCu10-TbAl10 composite coating structure, wherein each layer accounts for 0.4-1.2% of the total weight gain of the matrix from inside to outside; wherein the weight of the TbH layer is 0.4 percent, the weight of the TbCu10 layer is 0.4 percent, and the weight of the TbAl10 layer is 0.4 percent;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out high-temperature 880 ℃ for 10 hours on the sprayed magnet, and then carrying out low-temperature 450 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the permanent magnet.
The first coating in the TbH-TbCu10-TbAl10 composite coating structure of the embodimentAnd the layer TbH, wherein the H is brought into the crystal boundary channel to be opened, so that Tb particles can enter the crystal boundary, and the second layer of low-melting-point alloy TbCu and the third layer of TbAl are beneficial to reducing the high-temperature diffusion treatment temperature. After the diffusion source enters the grain boundary, H2The channel is opened by discharging, the low-melting-point alloy is wrapped at the crystal boundary in a liquid state at a lower diffusion temperature, and better crystal boundary fluidity is brought, so that the diffusion sources are uniformly distributed at the crystal boundary, the intrinsic coercivity of the matrix is improved, and the good effect of the internal consistency of the magnet is achieved.
Comparing the permanent magnet prepared by the method of the invention and the matrix used with the permanent magnet prepared by the prior art, the results refer to the following table:
the above embodiment shows that, compared with a single Tb coating, the TbH-TbCu10-TbAl10 composite coating achieves the same intrinsic coercivity increment under the same weight gain, so that the use amount of heavy rare earth Tb can be saved and the energy consumption in the production process can be reduced.
The diffusion source in the above embodiment is in powder form and the particle size of the powder diffusion source is less than 10 microns.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance permanent magnet, which can reduce the grain boundary diffusion cost of the permanent magnet, reduce energy consumption and has high reliability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all structural equivalents which may be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields using the contents of the present specification are included in the scope of the present invention. It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a high-performance permanent magnet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a diffusion source and an organic solvent according to the powder ratio of 1-6: 1 to prepare a mixture;
II, secondly: spraying the mixture on the surface of a magnet through a spray gun to form a composite coating structure which accounts for 0.4-1.2% of the total weight gain of the matrix from inside to outside;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: and carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the sprayed magnet, and then carrying out low-temperature treatment to obtain the permanent magnet.
2. The method for preparing a high-performance permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion source in step 1 is in a powder form, and the particle size of the powder diffusion source is less than 10 μm.
3. The method for preparing the high-performance permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the composite coating structure in the third step is a TbH-TbCu10-TbAl10 composite coating structure.
4. The method for preparing a high-performance permanent magnet according to claim 3, wherein the TbH-TbCu10-TbAl10 composite coating structure comprises a TbH layer, a TbCu10 layer and a TbAl10 layer.
5. The method for preparing the high-performance permanent magnet according to claim 4, wherein the weight of the TbH layer is increased by 0.4 percent, the weight of the TbCu10 layer is increased by 0.3 percent, and the weight of the TbAl10 layer is increased by 0.3 percent; .
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the high temperature treatment in the fourth step is 720-880 ℃.
7. The method for preparing a high-performance permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the time of the high-temperature treatment in the fourth step is 6 to 10 hours.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low temperature treatment in the fourth step is performed at 400-480 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a high-performance permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the time for the low-temperature treatment in the fourth step is 3 to 6 hours.
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