CN112611754B - Method for evaluating appearance quality of bare concrete - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the appearance quality of bare concrete, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, determining an image acquisition area of the tested bare concrete, and then respectively acquiring images of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects of the tested bare concrete; processing the collected color difference, bubbles and defect images; measuring cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness of the bare concrete on site; and comprehensively grading 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash-removed concrete according to the comprehensive grading. The evaluation method system quantitatively evaluates the appearance quality of the bare concrete, and avoids the one-sided performance of the appearance quality evaluation of the concrete in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete quality evaluation, in particular to a method for evaluating the appearance quality of bare concrete.
Background
Along with the development of society, bare concrete is attracting more and more attention, and has become a new bright point for house construction, municipal engineering and bridge engineering. As the bare concrete directly adopts the natural color of cast-in-place concrete as the concrete engineering of the facing, the appearance effect is ensured while the mechanical property and durability of the concrete are met. In the existing specifications, the technical regulations for the application of bare concrete (JGJ 169-2009) prescribes factors such as color, repair, bubbles, cracks, finish, split bolt holes, open joints, cicada joints and the like of the bare concrete, wherein chromatic aberration, bubbles, cracks and defects are taken as key factors of appearance quality, and the evaluation is mostly carried out in a mode of human eye observation and qualitative evaluation. Because the main characteristic indexes of the appearance quality of the bare concrete lack of unified standards for quantitative evaluation, the construction units have larger difference in cognition between definition and quality standards, and uneven engineering quality, thereby restricting popularization and application of the bare concrete. Therefore, in order to promote the wide application of the bare concrete in engineering, the research of a quantitative evaluation method for the appearance quality of the bare concrete is carried out, and the method has strong practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the appearance quality of bare concrete, which quantitatively evaluates the appearance quality of the bare concrete and avoids the one-sided performance and inaccuracy of the appearance quality evaluation of the concrete in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a method for evaluating the appearance quality of bare concrete, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, determining an image acquisition area of the tested bare concrete, and then respectively acquiring images of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects of the tested bare concrete;
step 2, processing the color difference, the bubbles and the defect images acquired in the step 1;
step 3, measuring cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness of the bare concrete on site;
and 4, comprehensively grading 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash-removed concrete according to the comprehensive grading.
Further, in step 1, determining an image acquisition area of the concrete to be tested, specifically: the total area of the concrete to be tested is measured, and the image acquisition area is calculated according to the area percentage, wherein the image acquisition area is more than or equal to 50% of the total area of the concrete to be tested.
Further, in the step 1, the chromatic aberration and the bubble image of the tested bare concrete are collected by adopting a uniform distribution method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1, manufacturing a bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate by using a background plate with a single gray scale value, and dividing the background plate into a plurality of image acquisition areas with fixed sizes by using a cutting tool to ensure the uniformity of the sizes and the shapes of the image acquisition areas and the uniformity of distribution;
1.2, before use, fixing the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate on the surface of the inspected bare concrete by utilizing a nano double-sided adhesive tape, and ensuring that the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate is well contacted with the surface of the inspected;
1.3, fixing the camera at a position which is 2 meters away from the bare concrete by using a tripod, and performing white balance correction by using a white balance board under natural light;
1.4, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface at 60-90 degrees, and collecting the detected concrete image under natural light.
Further, the defects of the examined bare concrete in the step 1 are subjected to image acquisition by adopting a targeted fixed-point acquisition method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: sticking a scale on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected, fixing a camera at a position which is 2 meters away from the bare concrete by using a tripod, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface to be 60-90 degrees, and sampling the defect part of the bare concrete at fixed points in all the range of the bare concrete to be detected under natural light.
Further, the color difference image processing in the step 2 specifically includes:
(1) Performing binarization processing on the color difference images to respectively obtain average gray values of gray calibration plates around different image acquisition areas;
(2) Performing background elimination treatment on the color difference image, and measuring the average gray level of the calibration plate to ensure that the difference value is smaller than 1;
(3) And counting the average gray value and the standard deviation of each image acquisition area, and analyzing the maximum and minimum values and the average standard deviation of the average gray value and the standard deviation.
Further, the processing of the bubble image in step 2 specifically includes:
(1) Performing binarization, background correction and size calibration on the bubble image of the tested bare concrete;
(2) Setting a threshold value, and identifying the number, radius and area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas;
(3) And calculating the total area of the bubbles in different image acquisition areas, obtaining the area ratio of the bubbles in the sampling range, the maximum radius of the bubbles and the number of the bubbles in the unit area, and judging the dispersibility of the bubbles through the number of the bubbles in the different image acquisition areas and the average bubbles.
Further, the processing of the defect image in the step 2 specifically includes:
(1) Performing size calibration and manual checking of a defect area on the defect image of the detected bare concrete;
(2) And calculating the percentage of the area of the defect area to the total area of the tested concrete.
Further, in the step 3, the measurement of the bare concrete cracks is carried out according to a fixed-point acquisition method, all the cracks of the bare concrete in the detected area are detected, and the width and the depth of the cracks are measured by using a crack comprehensive tester; the exposed joints, the cicada joints and the surface flatness of the bare concrete are measured by adopting a uniform distribution method according to the proportion of not less than 30%, and the flatness of the surface of the detected concrete and the dislocation of the cicada joints are tested by utilizing a bare concrete flatness tester.
Further, the step 4 specifically comprises:
(1) Defining chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness as primary indexes, wherein different influencing factors contained in the primary indexes are secondary indexes, and obtaining a hierarchical dividing chart for evaluating the appearance quality targets of the bare concrete;
(2) Constructing a judgment matrix to perform hierarchical decomposition
Respectively establishing a judgment matrix according to the sequence of the second-level index and the first-level index, calculating the weight of each index by using a maximum eigenvalue method, and checking the consistency of the judgment matrix;
(3) Score calculation of primary and composite metrics with secondary metrics
The calculation formula of the first-order index score value:
wherein: i is the i first level index;
j is the j-th secondary index;
ω ij the weight of the j second-level index which is the i first-level index;
B ij a score for a j-th secondary indicator of the i-th primary indicator;
B i is the score of the ith level index.
The comprehensive score value is calculated by the formula:
wherein: omega i The weight value of the ith primary index;
and C is the target total score value.
And finally, determining the appearance quality grade of the bare concrete according to the calculated comprehensive score.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1. the invention comprehensively considers key factors of appearance quality such as chromatic aberration, bubbles, cracks, defects and the like of the bare concrete, and establishes an appearance quality evaluation method of the bare concrete through on-site measurement, image acquisition, image processing and comprehensive evaluation.
2. The invention realizes the quantitative evaluation of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects, and eliminates the subjectivity of artificial influence factors to evaluation in the qualitative evaluation process.
3. The invention comprises the gray scale calibration plate of the bare concrete image, corrects the chromatic aberration of the detected concrete image, avoids the error caused by uneven external illumination in the image acquisition process, and is simple and convenient to use.
4. The invention comprises the bare concrete flatness tester, replaces the detection method using the guiding rule and the feeler gauge in the existing detection method, can greatly increase the frequency of sampling points, reduces the complexity of the operation process, and has quick and simple detection process.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gray scale calibration plate for a bare concrete image according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plot of targeted site-directed sampling of defects in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a color difference analysis chart of five color difference images collected in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an image after background correction of a bubble image in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the identification of binarized bubbles in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a defect acquisition image I of a test area in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a defect acquisition image II of a test area in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an image processing diagram of a defect acquisition image I of a examined region in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an image processing diagram of a defect acquisition image II of a examined region in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the difference in height between the stages of the dislocation of the Buddhist joint measured by the flatness tester according to example 1 of the present invention, wherein A is before the Buddhist joint, and B is after the Buddhist joint;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing distance fluctuation at different measuring points in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a hierarchical graph showing evaluation of appearance quality targets of fresh water concrete in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail by referring to examples, so that the implementation process of how the present invention applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the appearance quality of bare concrete, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, determining an image acquisition area of the tested bare concrete, and then respectively acquiring images of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects of the tested bare concrete;
the image acquisition area of the concrete to be detected is determined, specifically: measuring the total area of the concrete to be tested, and calculating the image acquisition area according to the area percentage, wherein the image acquisition area is more than or equal to 50% of the total area of the concrete to be tested;
the color difference and bubble image of the tested bare concrete are collected by adopting a uniform distribution method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1, manufacturing a bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate manufactured by a background plate with a single gray scale value, and dividing the background plate into a plurality of image acquisition areas with fixed sizes by utilizing a cutting tool to ensure the uniformity of the sizes and the shapes of the image acquisition areas and the uniformity of distribution;
1.2, before use, fixing the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate on the surface of the inspected bare concrete by utilizing a nano double-sided adhesive tape, and ensuring that the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate is well contacted with the surface of the inspected;
1.3, fixing the camera at a position which is 2 meters away from the bare concrete by using a tripod, and performing white balance correction by using a white balance board under natural light;
1.4, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface at 60-90 degrees, and collecting the detected concrete image under natural light.
The defects of the examined bare concrete adopt a targeted fixed-point acquisition method for image acquisition, and specifically comprise the following steps: sticking a scale on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected, keeping the angle between the camera and the surface to be detected at 60-90 degrees, and sampling the defect part of the bare concrete at fixed points in all the range of the bare concrete to be detected under natural light.
Step 2, processing the color difference, the bubble and the defect image acquired in the step 1
The color difference image processing specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing binarization processing on the color difference images to respectively obtain average gray values of gray calibration plates around different image acquisition areas;
(2) Performing background elimination treatment on the color difference image, and measuring the average gray level of the calibration plate to ensure that the difference value is smaller than 1;
(3) And counting the average gray value and the standard deviation of each image acquisition area, and analyzing the maximum and minimum values and the average standard deviation of the average gray value and the standard deviation.
The bubble image processing specifically includes:
(1) Performing binarization, background correction and size calibration on the bubble image of the tested bare concrete;
(2) Setting a threshold value, and identifying the number, radius and area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas;
(3) And calculating the total area of the bubbles in different image acquisition areas, and obtaining the area ratio of the bubbles in the sampling range, the maximum radius of the bubbles and the number of the bubbles in the unit area, wherein the dispersibility of the bubbles is judged by the number of the bubbles in the different image acquisition areas and the average bubbles.
The processing of the defect image specifically includes: (defects include honeycomb, pitted surface, holes, abrasive belt, cold joint)
(1) Performing size calibration and manual checking of a defect area on the defect image of the detected bare concrete;
(2) And calculating the percentage of the area of the defect area to the total area of the tested concrete.
And 3, measuring cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness of the bare concrete on site.
Measuring the crack of the bare concrete according to a fixed-point acquisition method, detecting all cracks of the bare concrete in a detected area, and measuring the width and depth of the crack by using a crack comprehensive tester; the exposed joints, the cicada joints and the surface flatness of the bare concrete are measured by adopting a uniform distribution method according to the proportion of not less than 30%, and the flatness of the surface of the detected concrete and the dislocation of the cicada joints are tested by utilizing a bare concrete flatness tester.
The bare concrete flatness tester consists of a laser displacement sensor and a precise track. The distance from the sensor to the concrete surface is determined by moving a laser displacement sensor fixed to the precision rail.
And (3) tightly attaching the track to the surface of the bare concrete to be detected, moving the laser displacement sensor from one end of the track to the other end, and recording the distances between the laser displacement sensors at different positions and the surface of the bare concrete. And taking the average value of the distances between the two ends of the track and the surface of the bare concrete as a zero point, counting the distances of different measuring points, and calculating the flatness of the bare concrete.
And 4, comprehensively grading 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash-removed concrete according to the comprehensive grading.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Defining chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness as primary indexes, wherein different influencing factors contained in the primary indexes are secondary indexes, and obtaining a hierarchical dividing chart for evaluating the appearance quality targets of the bare concrete;
(2) Constructing a judgment matrix to perform hierarchical decomposition
Respectively establishing a judgment matrix according to the sequence of the second-level index and the first-level index, calculating the weight of each index by using a maximum eigenvalue method, and checking the consistency of the judgment matrix;
(3) Performing score calculation on the first-level index and the comprehensive index with the second-level index;
the calculation formula of the first-order index score value:
wherein: i is the i first level index;
j is the j-th secondary index;
ω ij the weight of the j second-level index which is the i first-level index;
B ij a score for a j-th secondary indicator of the i-th primary indicator;
B i is the score of the ith level index.
The comprehensive score value is calculated by the formula:
wherein: omega i The weight value of the ith primary index;
and C is the target total score value.
And finally, determining the appearance quality grade of the bare concrete according to the calculated comprehensive score.
The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete has the following advantages:
1. the invention comprehensively considers key factors of appearance quality such as chromatic aberration, bubbles, cracks, defects and the like of the bare concrete, and establishes an appearance quality evaluation method of the bare concrete through on-site measurement, image acquisition, image processing and comprehensive evaluation.
2. The invention realizes the quantitative evaluation of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects, and eliminates the subjectivity of artificial influence factors to evaluation in the qualitative evaluation process.
3. The invention comprises the gray scale calibration plate of the bare concrete image, corrects the chromatic aberration of the detected concrete image, avoids the error caused by uneven external illumination in the image acquisition process, and is simple and convenient to use.
4. The invention comprises the bare concrete flatness tester, replaces the detection method using the guiding rule and the feeler gauge in the existing detection method, can greatly increase the frequency of sampling points, reduces the complexity of the operation process, and has quick and simple detection process.
Example 1
The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, determining an image acquisition area of the tested bare concrete, and then respectively acquiring images of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects of the tested bare concrete;
the tool used for image acquisition comprises: white balance board, bare concrete image gray scale calibration board, scale, camera, tripod.
(1) Determination of the total area of the concrete tested 8.10m 2 Wherein the color difference and the air bubbles of the tested bare concrete are uniformly distributed and are not less than 50 percent of the total area of the tested concrete, and the sampling area is 4.05m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The defects of the detected concrete adopt a targeted fixed-point acquisition method, and image acquisition is carried out in the whole range of the detected concrete;
(2) The bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate is manufactured by a background plate with single gray scale value, the gray scale value of the background plate is 255, the size of the background plate is 90cm multiplied by 90cm, and the background plate is uniformly divided into 9 image acquisition areas with the size of 20cm multiplied by 20cm by utilizing a cutting tool, as shown in figure 1;
(3) Before use, the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate is fixed on the surface of the inspected bare concrete by utilizing the nano double-sided adhesive tape, so that the contact between the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate and the surface of the inspected is ensured to be good;
(4) Fixing the camera at a position which is 2 meters away from the bare concrete by using a tripod, and performing white balance correction by using a white balance board under natural light;
(5) The angle between the camera and the detected surface is kept at 60-90 degrees, and the color difference of the detected concrete and the image acquisition of bubbles are carried out under natural light;
(6) Sticking a scale on the surface of the detected concrete, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface at 60-90 degrees, and sampling the concrete defect part at fixed points in all the range of the detected concrete under natural light, as shown in figure 2.
Step 2, processing the color difference, the bubbles and the defect images acquired in the step 1;
2.1 color difference treatment
The gray level analysis is carried out on the five acquired images, and the analysis steps are as follows:
(1) And carrying out binarization processing on the acquired images to respectively obtain the average gray values of the gray calibration plates around different image acquisition areas.
(2) And (3) carrying out background elimination treatment on the image, and measuring the average gray level of the calibration plate to ensure that the difference value is smaller than 1.
(3) And counting the average gray value and the standard deviation of each image acquisition area, and analyzing the maximum and minimum and average standard deviation.
The results of the processing of the five acquired images are shown in fig. 3, and the processed data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 image color difference analysis data summary table
And the maximum value of the standard deviation of the gray values in the single image acquisition area is 6.38, and the average standard deviation of the gray values in the sampling area is 3.46.
2.2 bubble handling
(1) Binarization, background correction and size correction are carried out on the tested bare concrete image, the image background correction is shown in fig. 4, and the binarization bubble recognition diagram is shown in fig. 5;
(2) Setting a threshold value, and identifying the number, radius and area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas;
(3) And calculating the total area of the bubbles in different image acquisition areas, obtaining the area ratio of the bubbles in the sampling range, the maximum radius of the bubbles and the number of the bubbles in the unit area, and judging the dispersibility of the bubbles through the number of the bubbles in the different image acquisition areas and the average bubble difference.
The total area of bubbles in the sampling area is 397.28mm 2 Occupy the total of sampling area0.01% of area; the maximum radius of the bubbles is 3.46mm.
2.3 defect treatment (honeycomb, pitted surface, hole, abrasive belt, cold joint)
(1) Adopting a targeted fixed-point acquisition method to acquire images, pasting a scale before image acquisition, and marking the size of a defect part; the defect acquisition image of the detected area is shown in fig. 6 and 7;
(2) Because the gray level of the defect is often similar to the gray level of other parts, the defect is difficult to be identified and extracted by intelligent recognition in software, manual frame selection is needed in the software, and area measurement is performed after the frame selection; the defect treatment of fig. 6 and 7 is as shown in fig. 8 and 9;
(3) Using the scale on the image, the area of the defective region was calculated to be 168.94m 2 The defective area accounts for 0.42% of the total area of the concrete to be tested.
Step 3, measuring cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness of the bare concrete on site;
(1) The field test items comprise four contents of bare concrete cracks, open joints, cicada joints and surface flatness. The method comprises the steps of measuring the crack of the bare concrete according to a fixed-point acquisition method, and detecting all cracks of the bare concrete in a detected area; and (3) measuring the exposed joints and the cicada joints of the bare concrete by adopting a uniform distribution method, wherein the total length of the exposed joints and the cicada joints is not less than 30%, randomly checking the surface flatness according to 30%, detecting the surface flatness on site by adopting a flatness tester, and then processing and analyzing the data.
(2) No cracks were found in the examined area.
(3) The gaps are spliced among templates, the gaps are subjected to spot check by adopting a method of uniformly distributing, measuring not less than 30% of the total length of the gaps, the staggered platform height difference of the gaps is tested by using a flatness tester, and the staggered platform height difference of the gaps is obtained by taking a group of gaps as an example and using the distance difference before and after the gaps pass through the gaps as shown in fig. 10.
And detecting the dislocation height difference of the cicada slough of the detected area on site by adopting a uniform distribution method according to 30% of the total length, wherein the dislocation height difference is smaller than 2mm after analysis of detection results.
(4) And testing the flatness of the surface of the concrete to be tested by using the bare concrete flatness tester.
The bare concrete flatness tester consists of a laser displacement sensor and a precise track, wherein the net travel of the slide block track is 1.5m, and the flatness of the track is +/-0.01 mm; the laser displacement sensor is analog output type, the distance between measuring centers is 60mm, the measuring range is +/-35 mm, and the measuring accuracy is +/-0.01 mm. The laser displacement sensor is fixed above the sliding block of the precise track and can slide back and forth along with the sliding block in the length direction of the track.
And (3) tightly adhering the track to the surface of the concrete to be detected, taking one end of the precise track as a starting point, enabling the moving speed to be 50mm/s, simultaneously recording the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the surface of the bare concrete, counting the distances from different measuring points to an ideal plane where the laser displacement sensor is located, and calculating the flatness of the concrete.
The surface flatness is checked randomly according to 30%, a flatness tester of 1.5m is adopted to detect the surface flatness on site, and then the data are processed and analyzed.
The distances of different measuring points are counted, the surface flatness of the bare concrete is calculated, one group of measuring results are taken as an example, the maximum and minimum value deviation in 1.5m is 1.45mm, and the maximum and minimum value deviation of each group is less than 2.25mm in 30% of spot inspection.
And 4, comprehensively grading 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash-removed concrete according to the comprehensive grading.
4.1 determining the total target, and performing hierarchical decomposition
The overall objective of the system is that the appearance quality of the bare concrete is directly influenced by the evaluation index proposed in the specification, the evaluation index is defined as a first-level index, different influence factors contained in the first-level index are second-level indexes, and a hierarchical division diagram for the appearance quality objective evaluation of the bare concrete is obtained, as shown in fig. 12.
(1) The color difference and the fair-faced concrete color difference evaluation grade are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 As-cast finish concrete color difference evaluation grade division
(2) The quantitative evaluation grades of the air bubbles and the bare concrete air bubbles are shown in table 3.
Table 3 fair-faced concrete bubble quantitative evaluation ranking
(3) The defect, defect classification is shown in table 4.
Table 4 defect level classification table
(4) The cracks, the crack evaluation grades are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 division of crack evaluation ratings
(5) The open seams, the open seam evaluation ratings are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 open seam evaluation grading
(6) The score of the score evaluation of the score is shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Buddhist seam evaluation grading
(7) Surface flatness, surface flatness evaluation grades are shown in table 8.
Table 8 surface smoothness evaluation grading
4.2 constructing a judgment matrix and calculating the index weight value
Respectively establishing a judgment matrix according to the sequence of the second-level index and the first-level index, calculating the weight of each index by using a maximum eigenvalue method, and checking the consistency of the judgment matrix. Table 9 is a bubble secondary index judgment matrix, table 10 is a crack secondary index judgment matrix, and table 11 is a primary index judgment matrix.
Table 9 bubble secondary index judgment matrix
Table 10 crack secondary index judgment matrix
Table 11 first level index judgment matrix
4.3 comprehensive evaluation
(1) Sampling or field testing is selected according to 7 indexes in an engineering examined area, image analysis and detection data analysis are carried out to obtain quantitative measured values of each factor layer, and each factor layer of the 7 indexes is scored according to the rule in 4.1.
(2) The first-order index bubble and crack scores were calculated as follows:
scoring value of first-order index bubble:
analysis and quantitative scoring of the various indices of the examined region were performed by analysis in section 4.1, and the results are shown in Table 13 below.
TABLE 13 quantitative score for each index of examined region
(3) The calculation of the comprehensive score value is performed as follows
And grading the appearance quality of the bare concrete according to the comprehensive score.
Table 14 comprehensive evaluation grade of appearance quality of fresh water concrete
And determining that the appearance quality of the bare concrete is qualified in the comprehensive evaluation level table 14 according to the calculated comprehensive scores.
While the foregoing description illustrates and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as limited to other embodiments, and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the spirit of the invention described herein, either as a result of the foregoing teachings or as a result of the knowledge or skill of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, firstly, determining an image acquisition area of the tested bare concrete, and then respectively acquiring images of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects of the tested bare concrete;
the color difference and bubble image of the tested bare concrete are collected by adopting a uniform distribution method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1, manufacturing a bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate manufactured by a background plate with a single gray scale value, and dividing the background plate into a plurality of image acquisition areas with fixed sizes by utilizing a cutting tool to ensure the uniformity of the sizes and the shapes of the image acquisition areas and the uniformity of distribution;
step 2, processing the color difference, the bubbles and the defect images acquired in the step 1;
the color difference image processing specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing binarization processing on the color difference images to respectively obtain average gray values of gray calibration plates around different image acquisition areas;
(2) Performing background elimination treatment on the color difference image, and measuring the average gray level of the calibration plate to ensure that the difference value is smaller than 1;
(3) The average gray value and the standard deviation of each image acquisition area are counted, and the maximum and minimum values and the average standard deviation are analyzed;
the bubble image processing specifically includes:
(1) Performing binarization, background correction and size calibration on the bubble image of the tested bare concrete;
(2) Setting a threshold value, and identifying the number, radius and area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas;
(3) Calculating the total area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas, obtaining the area ratio of the bubbles in the sampling range, the maximum radius of the bubbles and the number of the bubbles in the unit area, and judging the dispersibility of the bubbles through the number of the bubbles in the different image acquisition areas and the average bubbles;
step 3, measuring cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness of the bare concrete on site;
the surface flatness of the exposed joints, the cicada joints and the surface of the exposed concrete are measured by adopting a uniform distribution method according to the proportion of not less than 30%, and the flatness of the surface of the detected concrete and the dislocation of the cicada joints are tested by utilizing an exposed concrete flatness tester;
and 4, comprehensively grading 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash-removed concrete according to the comprehensive grading.
2. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete according to claim 1, wherein the determining the image acquisition area of the inspected concrete in step 1 specifically comprises: the total area of the concrete to be tested is measured, and the image acquisition area is calculated according to the area percentage, wherein the image acquisition area is more than or equal to 50% of the total area of the concrete to be tested.
3. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete according to claim 2, wherein the collecting of the color difference and the bubble image of the inspected bare concrete in the step 1 adopts a uniform distribution method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1.2, before use, fixing the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate on the surface of the inspected bare concrete by utilizing a nano double-sided adhesive tape, and ensuring that the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate is well contacted with the surface of the inspected;
1.3, fixing the camera at a position which is 2 meters away from the bare concrete by using a tripod, and performing white balance correction by using a white balance board under natural light;
1.4, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface at 60-90 degrees, and collecting the detected concrete image under natural light.
4. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete according to claim 2, wherein the defect of the inspected bare concrete in the step 1 is subjected to image acquisition by adopting a targeted fixed-point acquisition method, specifically comprising the following steps: sticking a scale on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected, fixing a camera at a position which is 2 meters away from the bare concrete by using a tripod, keeping the angle between the camera and the surface to be detected to be 60-90 degrees, and sampling the defect part of the bare concrete at fixed points in all the range of the bare concrete to be detected under natural light.
5. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the defect image in the step 2 is specifically:
(1) Performing size calibration and manual checking of a defect area on the defect image of the detected bare concrete;
(2) And calculating the percentage of the area of the defect area to the total area of the tested concrete.
6. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete according to claim 1, wherein the measurement of the bare concrete cracks in the step 3 is performed according to a fixed-point acquisition method, all the cracks of the bare concrete in the detected area are detected, and the width and the depth of the cracks are measured by using a crack comprehensive tester.
7. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the bare concrete according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 is specifically:
(1) Defining chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness as primary indexes, wherein different influencing factors contained in the primary indexes are secondary indexes, and obtaining a hierarchical dividing chart for evaluating the appearance quality targets of the bare concrete;
(2) Constructing a judgment matrix, performing hierarchical decomposition, respectively establishing the judgment matrix according to the sequence of the second-level index and the first-level index, calculating the weight of each index by using a maximum eigenvalue method, and checking the consistency of the judgment matrix;
(3) Score calculation of primary and composite metrics with secondary metrics
The calculation formula of the first-order index score value:
wherein: i is the i first level index;
j is the j-th secondary index;
ω ij the weight of the j second-level index which is the i first-level index;
B ij a score for a j-th secondary indicator of the i-th primary indicator;
B i a score for the i-th level index;
the comprehensive score value is calculated by the formula:
wherein: omega i The weight value of the ith primary index;
c is the target total score value;
and finally, determining the appearance quality grade of the bare concrete according to the calculated comprehensive score.
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