CN112609453A - High-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000352 supercritical drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
- D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/30—Flame or heat resistance, fire retardancy properties
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity aerogel heat insulation sheet and a preparation method thereof. The method is characterized in that: the composite material is formed by taking a fiber felt or fiber paper as a matrix and loading high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel in the matrix, wherein the matrix and the aerogel are continuous phases. The preparation method comprises the steps of taking methyltrimethoxysilane as a silicon source and deionized water as a solvent, promoting one-step alkali catalysis reaction by adding urea and a surfactant to form a homogeneous solution, soaking the obtained solution in a fiber matrix, reacting at 50-60 ℃ to obtain fiber reinforced wet gel, and performing displacement and drying by cleaning the surfactant and the solvent to obtain the high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity aerogel heat insulation sheet. The supercritical drying process adopted by the invention is simple, the cost is low, the environmental pollutants are less, the large-scale industrial production is facilitated, and the prepared high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity aerogel heat insulation sheet has good mechanical property and hydrophobic property, and can be used in the fields of low-temperature environment, heat insulation and preservation of low-temperature equipment, water treatment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of new materials, and relates to a high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The silica aerogel is a heat-insulating material with excellent performance, the typical thermal conductivity of the silica aerogel is lower than 0.02W/(m.K), and the silica aerogel has good application performance in the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, new energy, energy-saving buildings and the like. Although silica aerogel has excellent performance in many aspects, the application of silica aerogel is greatly limited due to the problems of poor mechanical properties (specifically, low strength, high brittleness, powder falling and slag falling of products) and poor hydrophobic properties of silica aerogel, so that most silica aerogel heat insulation material products take glass fiber felt as a reinforcing material and are compounded with silica aerogel to form composite material products, and the problems of low strength, powder falling of products and poor hydrophobicity of aerogel heat insulation materials still cannot be solved. In recent years, researchers have conducted a lot of researches on silica-based aerogel, and can solve the problem that the traditional silica aerogel is poor in mechanical property and hydrophobicity, but silica aerogel is mostly realized by doping organic components and adjusting a pore structure, which results in that the silica aerogel is low in compressive strength and obviously lower in heat insulation property than the traditional silica aerogel, and the introduction of the organic components makes the silica aerogel low in use temperature, and once the silica aerogel is treated in a hot environment, the hydrophobicity of the silica aerogel is reduced or lost. Therefore, aerogel-based nano-porous thermal insulation materials with practical application value at home and abroad usually adopt a fiber reinforcement method, such as ceramic rigid thermal insulation tiles for surface thermal protection of space shuttles, but have the problems of harsh use conditions and short service life, so that the selection of a fiber matrix is still a great problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet, and the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in order to improve the prior SiO2The silica aerogel heat insulation sheet has the advantages that elasticity is realized by regulating and controlling the functionality of a silica-based precursor, homogeneous solution regulation and optimization pore structure is formed by stirring emulsion formed by a non-solvent at a high speed to improve the heat insulation performance, the gel network structure is regulated and optimized by regulating and controlling reaction kinetics of a catalyst system to improve the heat insulation and mechanical properties, and the hydrophobic property is optimized by methyl modification, so that the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity is realized. The silica aerogel heat insulation sheet has good mechanical properties, high reversible compression deformation and high compressive strength, solves the problems of poor mechanical properties (low strength, high brittleness and powder and slag falling) of the traditional silica aerogel, and has good hydrophobic properties. The silica aerogel heat insulation sheet also has good heat insulation performance and temperature resistance, and good super-hydrophobic performance, and solves the problems of low strength, high heat conductivity, poor hydrophobicity and the like of the traditional silica aerogel.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a high-strength high-elastic low heat conductivity silica aerogel heat insulating sheet which characterized in that: the composite material is formed by taking a fiber felt or fiber paper as a matrix and loading high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel in the matrix, wherein the matrix and the aerogel are continuous phases.
The silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the reversible compression deformation is 45-70%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 1.2-2.0 MPa; the weight loss is 5 to 8 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.5 to 1 percent when the alloy is subjected to heat treatment at 300 ℃ for 20 min; the weight loss is 8 to 15 percent and the linear shrinkage is 1.5 to 3 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 600 ℃; the weight loss is 15 to 20 percent and the linear shrinkage is 3 to 5 percent when the material is subjected to heat treatment at 800 ℃ for 20 min; the heat conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.012-0.016W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 145-151 degrees; it is sealedThe degree of the coating is 0.085-0.121 g/cm3。
Preferably, the fiber felt or the fiber paper comprises pre-oxidized fibers, silicon oxide, high silica or ceramics.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) stirring the precursor, deionized water, urea and surfactant for 30-50 min at the rotating speed of 10000-15000r/min by an emulsion method to form a homogeneous solution, wherein the precursor: deionized water: urea: the mass ratio of the surface active agent is 4.76: (9-18): (2.5-3): (0.3 to 0.5);
(2) soaking a fiber felt or fiber paper substrate in the solution obtained in the step (1), and reacting at 50-60 ℃ to obtain fiber reinforced wet gel;
(3) and washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing the solvent, and drying to obtain the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity.
Preferably, the precursor in the step (1) is methyltrimethoxysilane.
Preferably, the surfactant described in the step (1) is a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or a nonionic surfactant polyethylene oxide-block polypropylene oxide-block-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer (F127).
Preferably, the solvent in step (3) is ethanol.
Preferably, the drying in step (3) is CO2Supercritical drying, freeze drying or atmospheric drying.
The silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
has the advantages that:
(1) the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity has good mechanical property, high reversible compression deformation and high compressive strength, and solves the problems of poor mechanical property (low strength, large brittleness, powder falling and slag falling) of the traditional silica aerogel.
(2) The silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity has good super-hydrophobic property, and solves the problem that the heat insulation property of the traditional silica aerogel is lost due to poor hydrophobicity.
(2) The silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity has good heat insulation performance and temperature tolerance, and solves the problems of low strength, high heat conductivity and the like of silica aerogel.
(3) The preparation of the high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet takes water as a solvent, and the problem that the cost is high when ethanol is used as the solvent in the traditional silica aerogel is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sample representation of a high strength, high resilience, low thermal conductivity silica aerogel insulation sheet made according to example 1.
FIG. 2 is a thermogravimetric plot of the high strength, high resilience, low thermal conductivity silica aerogel insulation sheet made in accordance with example 1.
FIG. 3 is a stress-strain curve of the high strength, high resilience, low thermal conductivity silica aerogel insulation sheet made in accordance with example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Mixing the components in a ratio of 4.76: 18: 3: 0.3 of methyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water, urea and CTAB are stirred at the rotating speed of 10000r/min for 50 to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution is soaked in the pre-oxidized fiber felt in equal volume, and the fiber-reinforced wet gel is obtained by reaction at 50 ℃; washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing with ethanol solvent, and CO2And (5) performing supercritical drying to obtain the high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet.
The reversible compression deformation of the high-strength high-elasticity super-hydrophobic aerogel heat insulation sheet is 70%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 2.0 MPa; the weight loss is 5 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.5 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 300 ℃; heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 20min is carried out, the weight loss is 8 percent, and the linear shrinkage is 1.5 percent; the weight loss is 15 percent and the linear shrinkage is 3 percent by heat treatment at 800 ℃ for 20 min; the thermal conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.012W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 151 degrees; the density of the powder is 0.085g/cm3。
FIG. 1 is a sample representation of a high strength, high resilience, low thermal conductivity silica aerogel insulation sheet made according to example 1.
FIG. 2 is a thermogravimetric plot of the high strength, high resilience, low thermal conductivity silica aerogel insulation sheet made in accordance with example 1.
FIG. 3 is a stress-strain curve of the high strength, high resilience, low thermal conductivity silica aerogel insulation sheet made in accordance with example 1.
Example 2
Mixing the components in a ratio of 4.76: 18: 3: 0.3 of methyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water, urea and CTAB are stirred for 45min at the rotating speed of 10000r/min to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution is soaked in the pre-oxidized fiber felt in equal volume, and the fiber-reinforced wet gel is obtained by reaction at 60 ℃; washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing with ethanol solvent, and CO2And (5) performing supercritical drying to obtain the high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet.
The reversible compression deformation of the high-strength high-elasticity super-hydrophobic aerogel heat insulation sheet is 60%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 1.8 MPa; the weight loss is 6 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.6 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 300 ℃; heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 20min is carried out for 10 percent of weight loss, and linear shrinkage is 1.8 percent; the weight loss is 17 percent and the linear shrinkage is 3.5 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 800 ℃; the thermal conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.014W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 148 degrees; the density of the powder is 0.091g/cm3。
Example 3
Mixing the components in a ratio of 4.76: 18: 3: 0.3 of methyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water, urea and CTAB are stirred for 40min at the rotating speed of 13000r/min to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution is soaked in the pre-oxidized fiber felt in equal volume, and the fiber-reinforced wet gel is obtained by reaction at 50 ℃; washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing with ethanol solvent, and CO2And (5) performing supercritical drying to obtain the high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet.
The reversible compression deformation of the high-strength high-elasticity super-hydrophobic aerogel heat insulation sheet is 60%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 1.5 MPa; the weight loss is 6 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.8 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 300 ℃; the weight loss is 12 percent and the linear shrinkage is 2.5 percent after the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 600 ℃; heat treatment at 800 deg.C for 20min, weight loss 18%, and linear shrinkage 4%; the thermal conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.014W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 150 degrees; the density of the powder is 0.089g/cm3。
Example 4
Mixing the components in a ratio of 4.76: 18: 3: 0.3 of methyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water, urea and CTAB are stirred for 30min at the rotating speed of 15000r/min to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution is soaked in the pre-oxidized fiber felt in equal volume, and the fiber-reinforced wet gel is obtained by reaction at 60 ℃; and washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing with an ethanol solvent, and freeze-drying to obtain the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low thermal conductivity.
The reversible compression deformation of the high-strength high-elasticity super-hydrophobic aerogel heat insulation sheet is 60%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 1.7 MPa; the weight loss is 6 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.65 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 300 ℃; heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 20min is carried out, the weight loss is 10 percent, and the linear shrinkage is 2 percent; heat treatment at 800 deg.C for 20min, weight loss 18%, and linear shrinkage 4%; the thermal conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.016W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 145 degrees; the density of the powder is 0.121g/cm3。
Example 5
Mixing the components in a ratio of 4.76: 9: 2.5: 0.3 of methyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water, urea and F127 are stirred for 30min at the rotating speed of 10000r/min to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution is soaked in a ceramic fiber felt in equal volume, and fiber-reinforced wet gel is obtained by reaction at 50 ℃; and washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing with an ethanol solvent, and drying under normal pressure to obtain the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low thermal conductivity.
The reversible compression deformation of the high-strength high-elasticity super-hydrophobic aerogel heat insulation sheet is 45%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 1.2 MPa; the weight loss is 5 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.5 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 300 ℃; heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 20min is carried out, the weight loss is 8 percent, and the linear shrinkage is 1.5 percent; the weight loss is 15 percent and the linear shrinkage is 3 percent by heat treatment at 800 ℃ for 20 min; the thermal conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.012W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 145 degrees; the density of the product is 0.095g/cm3。
Example 6
Mixing the components in a ratio of 4.76: 9: 3: 0.5 of methyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water, urea and F127 are stirred for 50min at the rotating speed of 10000r/min to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution is soaked in a silica fiber felt in equal volume, and fiber-reinforced wet gel is obtained by reaction at 60 ℃; washing the fiber reinforced wet gel with deionized water, and replacing with ethanol solvent、CO2And (5) performing supercritical drying to obtain the high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel heat insulation sheet.
The reversible compression deformation of the high-strength high-elasticity super-hydrophobic aerogel heat insulation sheet is 50%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 1.5 MPa; the weight loss is 6 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.6 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 300 ℃; heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 20min is carried out, the weight loss is 10 percent, and the linear shrinkage is 2 percent; heat treatment at 800 deg.C for 20min, weight loss of 16%, and linear shrinkage of 4%; the heat conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.013W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 147 degrees; the density of the powder was 0.115g/cm3。
Example 7
Mixing the components in a ratio of 4.76: 9: 3: 0.3 of methyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water, urea and F127 are stirred for 30min at the rotating speed of 15000r/min to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution is soaked in a high silica fiber felt in equal volume, and the fiber-reinforced wet gel is obtained by reaction at 50 ℃; and washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing with an ethanol solvent, and freeze-drying to obtain the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low thermal conductivity.
The reversible compression deformation of the high-strength high-elasticity super-hydrophobic aerogel heat insulation sheet is 60%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 1.7 MPa; the weight loss is 7 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.7 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 300 ℃; the weight loss is 12 percent and the linear shrinkage is 2.5 percent after the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 600 ℃; heat treatment at 800 deg.C for 20min, weight loss 18%, and linear shrinkage 4.5%; the thermal conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.014W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 148 degrees; the density of the powder was 0.11g/cm3。
Example 8
Mixing the components in a ratio of 4.76: 9: 3: 0.3 of methyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water, urea and F127 are stirred for 50min at the rotating speed of 15000r/min to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution is dipped in a ceramic fiber felt in equal volume, and the fiber-reinforced wet gel is obtained by reaction at 60 ℃; and washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing with an ethanol solvent, and drying under normal pressure to obtain the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low thermal conductivity.
The reversible compression deformation of the high-strength high-elasticity super-hydrophobic aerogel heat insulation sheet is 55%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 2.0 MPa; performing heat treatment at 300 ℃ for 20min to lose 8 percent of weight and perform linear shrinkage of 1 percent; heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 20min, weight loss of 15 percent and linear shrinkage of 3 percent; 80Performing heat treatment at 0 ℃ for 20min to lose weight by 20 percent and performing linear shrinkage by 5 percent; the thermal conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.016W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 145 degrees; the density of the powder was 0.105g/cm3。
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a high-strength high-elastic low heat conductivity silica aerogel heat insulating sheet which characterized in that: the composite material is formed by taking a fiber felt or fiber paper as a matrix and loading high-strength high-elasticity low-thermal-conductivity silica aerogel in the matrix, wherein the matrix and the aerogel are continuous phases.
2. The high strength, high resilience, low thermal conductivity silica aerogel thermal barrier sheet of claim 1, wherein: the reversible compression deformation is 45-70%, and the corresponding compressive strength is 1.2-2.0 MPa; the weight loss is 5 to 8 percent and the linear shrinkage is 0.5 to 1 percent when the alloy is subjected to heat treatment at 300 ℃ for 20 min; the weight loss is 8 to 15 percent and the linear shrinkage is 1.5 to 3 percent when the heat treatment is carried out for 20min at the temperature of 600 ℃; the weight loss is 15 to 20 percent and the linear shrinkage is 3 to 5 percent when the material is subjected to heat treatment at 800 ℃ for 20 min; the heat conductivity at normal temperature and normal pressure is 0.012-0.016W/(m.K); the water contact angle is 145-151 degrees; the density of the powder is 0.085-0.121 g/cm3。
3. The silica aerogel thermal insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low thermal conductivity according to claim 1, wherein the fiber felt or the fiber paper comprises pre-oxidized fibers, silica, high silica or ceramic.
4. A method for preparing the silica aerogel thermal insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low thermal conductivity of claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) stirring the precursor, deionized water, urea and surfactant for 30-50 min at the rotating speed of 10000-15000r/min by an emulsion method to form a homogeneous solution, wherein the precursor: deionized water: urea: the mass ratio of the surface active agent is 4.76: (9-18): (2.5-3): (0.3 to 0.5);
(2) soaking a fiber felt or fiber paper substrate in the solution obtained in the step (1), and reacting at 50-60 ℃ to obtain fiber reinforced wet gel;
(3) and washing the fiber-reinforced wet gel with deionized water, replacing the solvent, and drying to obtain the silica aerogel heat insulation sheet with high strength, high elasticity and low heat conductivity.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the precursor in the step (1) is methyltrimethoxysilane.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the surfactant in the step (1) is cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) which is a cationic surfactant or a triblock copolymer (F127) of polyethylene oxide-block polypropylene oxide-block polyethylene oxide which is a nonionic surfactant.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the solvent in the step (3) is ethanol.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drying in the step (3) is CO2Supercritical drying, freeze drying or atmospheric drying.
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