CN112606380B - 喷管热防护层成型方法 - Google Patents

喷管热防护层成型方法 Download PDF

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CN112606380B
CN112606380B CN202011408092.9A CN202011408092A CN112606380B CN 112606380 B CN112606380 B CN 112606380B CN 202011408092 A CN202011408092 A CN 202011408092A CN 112606380 B CN112606380 B CN 112606380B
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thermal protection
protection layer
spray pipe
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die
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CN112606380A (zh
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金秀秀
王付青云
舒威
佘平江
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Hubei Sanjiang Space Jiangbei Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/26Lining or sheathing of internal surfaces
    • B29C63/30Lining or sheathing of internal surfaces using sheet or web-like material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/70Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3097Cosmonautical vehicles; Rockets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种喷管热防护层成型方法,所述喷管包括喷管本体和热防护层,包括出片、剪形‑贴片装模‑真空预压‑硫化。通过热防护材料贴片模压成型方法,所制备的热防护层尺寸和外观满足使用要求,解决了传统短纤维增强酚醛树脂热防护材料压力机模压成型不适用于复杂结构喷管热防护层成型的问题。同时通过采用真空箱真空预压整形方法,使热防护材料在硫化前基本定型,防止硫化过程中局部缺料从而在热防护层表面形成缺陷,提高了模压后热防护层的表观质量。成型过程中依靠模具本体和喷管壳体之间的连接结构对热防护层进行加压,因此不需要借助压力机,同时控制热防护层尺寸,模具结构简单,成本低,能够很好的实现定位和脱模,操作方便。

Description

喷管热防护层成型方法
技术领域
本发明涉及喷管热防护层制作技术领域,具体涉及一种喷管热防护层成型方法。
背景技术
固体火箭发动机喷管属于非冷却式结构,是发动机中承受热环境最恶劣的部件,需依靠烧蚀和绝热结构,保证结构完整、内型面变化和外壁面温度控制在要求范围内。由于其结构形式复杂,工作条件恶劣,对热防护提出了很高的要求,且成型方法复杂。
传统喷管热防护层常采用短纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料模压而成,成型过程需在压力机上进行,需要较大压力。但是由于喷管壳体结构限制,短纤维增强酚醛树脂热防护层无法在在其表面成型,或成型过程复杂,且热防护层质量难以满足使用要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术的缺陷,提供一种操作方便、热防护层质量好的喷管热防护层成型方法,适用于结构复杂件的热防护层成型。
为实现上述目的,本发明所设计的喷管热防护层成型方法,所述喷管包括喷管本体和热防护层,所述成型方法包括如下步骤:
1)出片、剪形
1a)将热防护层胶料在开炼机上进行过辊出片;
1b)将胶片放入喷管壳体,按照热防护层型面进行剪形;
2)贴片装模
2a)将模具成型表面清洗干净晾干后备用;将喷管壳体表面也清洗晾干后备用;
2b)在喷管壳体热防护层成型部位的表面及热防护层胶片的表面刷涂胶粘剂并晾干;
2c)在喷管壳体热防护层成型部位的表面进行热防护层胶片贴片;
2d)贴片完成后,将喷管壳体放入模具中;
3)真空预压
将整体合模后的喷管放入真空干燥箱中抽真空预压;
4)硫化。
进一步地,所述步骤1a)中,胶片厚度比热防护层理论厚度厚0.1~0.3mm。
进一步地,所述步骤1b)中,对不能完全覆盖的部位进行拼接。
进一步地,所述2d)中,装模过程具体为:先将卸模块放入模具本体中,然后将喷管壳体与模具本体用螺栓连接固定并预留间隙,最后将芯棒放入模具本体中。
进一步地,所述步骤3)中,若有缺料的地方按照缺料位置的形状进行补胶,重复步骤2)和步骤3)直至喷管壳体表面胶料完整,再整体合模后进行硫化。
进一步地,所述步骤3a)中,预压具体过程为:将压力抽到-30KPa~-50KPa,保压30min±10min。
进一步地,所述步骤4)具体硫化过程为:
4a)将模具平稳放入烘箱中,随炉升温至80℃±10℃保温30min~40min;
4b)取出模具,将螺栓拧紧,并用塞尺检测喷管壳体与模具本体之间的间隙,保证周向间隙差不超过0.1mm,然后放入烘箱继续升温至140℃±10℃保温80min~100min;
4c)保温结束后断电,随炉降温至60℃以下出炉,打开模具,清理零件飞边。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:本发明通过热防护材料贴片模压成型方法,所制备的热防护层尺寸和外观满足使用要求,解决了传统短纤维增强酚醛树脂热防护材料压力机模压成型不适用于复杂结构喷管热防护层成型的问题。同时通过采用真空箱真空预压整形方法,使热防护材料在硫化前基本定型,防止硫化过程中局部缺料从而在热防护层表面形成缺陷,提高了模压后热防护层的表观质量。成型过程中依靠模具本体和喷管壳体之间的连接结构对热防护层进行加压,因此不需要借助压力机,同时控制热防护层尺寸,模具结构简单,成本低,能够很好的实现定位和脱模,操作方便。
附图说明
图1为喷管结构示意图;
图2为模具安装示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
喷管热防护层成型方法,如图1所示喷管包括喷管本体2和热防护层1,具体包括如下步骤:
1)出片、剪形
1a)将热防护层胶料在开炼机上进行过辊出片,保证胶片厚度比热防护层理论厚度厚0.1~0.3mm;热防护层胶料采用三元乙丙材料或5-Ⅲ材料;
1b)将胶片放入喷管壳体,按照热防护层型面进行剪形,对不能完全覆盖的部位进行拼接。
2)贴片装模:
2a)将模具成型表面清洗干净晾干后备用;同时,喷管壳体表面也清洗晾干后备用;
2b)在喷管壳体热防护层成型部位的表面及热防护层胶片的表面刷涂胶粘剂并晾干;胶粘剂采用开姆洛克、730胶粘剂等与热防护层材料相配套的胶粘剂;
2c)在喷管壳体热防护层成型部位的表面进行热防护层胶片贴片;
2d)贴片完成后,先将卸模块4放入模具本体3中,然后将喷管壳体与模具本体3用螺栓6连接固定并预留间隙,最后将芯棒5放入模具本体中,如图2所示;
3)真空预压
3a)将整体合模后的喷管放入真空干燥箱中抽真空,将压力抽到-30KPa~-50KPa,保压30min±10min,然后取出喷管,对多余胶料进行清理;
3b)若有缺料的地方按照缺料位置的形状进行补胶,重复步骤2)和步骤3)直至喷管壳体表面胶料完整,再整体合模后进行硫化;
通过采用真空预压方法,使热防护材料在硫化前基本定型,提高模压后热防护层的表观质量。
4)硫化
4a)将模具平稳放入烘箱中,随炉升温至80℃±10℃保温30min~40min;
4b)取出模具,将螺栓拧紧,并用塞尺检测喷管壳体与模具本体之间的间隙,保证周向间隙差不超过0.1mm,然后放入烘箱继续升温至140℃±10℃保温80min~100min;
4c)保温结束后断电,随炉降温至60℃以下出炉,打开模具,清理零件飞边。
模具包括芯棒、模具本体和卸模块,结构简单,成本低,能够很好的实现定位和脱模,操作方便。
本发明通过热防护材料贴片模压成型方法,所制备的热防护层尺寸和外观满足使用要求,解决了传统短纤维增强酚醛树脂热防护材料压力机模压成型不适用于复杂结构喷管热防护层成型的问题。同时通过采用真空箱真空预压整形方法,使热防护材料在硫化前基本定型,防止硫化过程中局部缺料从而在热防护层表面形成缺陷,提高了模压后热防护层的表观质量。成型过程中依靠模具本体和喷管壳体之间的连接结构对热防护层进行加压,同时控制热防护层尺寸,模具结构简单,成本低,能够很好的实现定位和脱模,操作方便。

Claims (6)

1.一种喷管热防护层成型方法,所述喷管包括喷管本体和热防护层,其特征在于:所述成型方法包括如下步骤:
1)出片、剪形
1a)将热防护层胶料在开炼机上进行过辊出片;
1b)将胶片放入喷管壳体,按照热防护层型面进行剪形;
2)贴片装模
2a)将模具成型表面清洗干净晾干后备用;将喷管壳体表面也清洗晾干后备用;
2b)在喷管壳体热防护层成型部位的表面及热防护层胶片的表面刷涂胶粘剂并晾干;
2c)在喷管壳体热防护层成型部位的表面进行热防护层胶片贴片;
2d)贴片完成后,将喷管壳体放入模具中;
装模过程具体为:先将卸模块放入模具本体中,然后将喷管壳体与模具本体用螺栓连接固定并预留间隙,最后将芯棒放入模具本体中;
3)真空预压
将整体合模后的喷管放入真空干燥箱中抽真空预压;
4)硫化。
2.根据权利要求1所述喷管热防护层成型方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1a)中,胶片厚度比热防护层理论厚度厚0.1~0.3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述喷管热防护层成型方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1b)中,对不能完全覆盖的部位进行拼接。
4.根据权利要求1所述喷管热防护层成型方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,若有缺料的地方按照缺料位置的形状进行补胶,重复步骤2)和步骤3)直至喷管壳体表面胶料完整,再整体合模后进行硫化。
5.根据权利要求1所述喷管热防护层成型方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,预压具体过程为:将压力抽到-30KPa~-50KPa,保压30min±10min。
6.根据权利要求1所述喷管热防护层成型方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)具体硫化过程为:
4a)将模具平稳放入烘箱中,随炉升温至80℃±10℃保温30min~40min;
4b)取出模具,将螺栓拧紧,并用塞尺检测喷管壳体与模具本体之间的间隙,保证周向间隙差不超过0.1mm,然后放入烘箱继续升温至140℃±10℃保温80min~100min;
4c)保温结束后断电,随炉降温至60℃以下出炉,打开模具,清理零件飞边。
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