CN112604707B - Preparation method and application of CuO QDs/CoAl-LDHs composite material photocatalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of CuO QDs/CoAl-LDHs composite material photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
- B01J27/25—Nitrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
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- B01J35/39—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method and application of a synthesized CuO QDs/CoAl-LDHs heterojunction, and obtains a zero-dimensional/two-dimensional (0D/2D) Z-type heterostructure composite material of x% CuO/CoAl-u, which is used for research on photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide under ultraviolet light. The specific technical scheme is as follows: obtaining CuO Quantum Dot (QDs) suspension by a phase transfer method, and preparing ultrathin CoAl-LDHs (CoAl-u) by a one-step coprecipitation method; the CuO QDs and the CoAl-u are combined to form the composite catalyst x% CuO/CoAl-u with a Z-shaped heterostructure by utilizing the electrostatic adsorption effect, and the heterostructure is formed, so that the electron transmission rate is accelerated, the separation of electron holes is effectively promoted, and the photocatalytic performance is improved. The preparation method has simple preparation process and high catalyst stability, and the copper oxide quantum dots are used for replacing noble metal photosensitizer to form the composite material, so that CO is introduced 2 Photocatalytic reduction to organic fuel CH with higher utilization value 3 OH provides a solution for environmental problems and energy shortage, and has obvious economic benefit and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalytic materials, and particularly relates to a photocatalyst applied to CO reduction 2 The preparation method and the application of the composite catalyst.
Background
Since the industrial revolution, along with the rapid development of science and technology and human productivity, the scale of industrial production in each country is rapidly expanded, and the living standard of human materials is greatly improved. However, this not only provides the human productive life with the scarce development opportunity and strong power, but also brings the increasingly serious challenge. Carbon dioxide (CO) 2 ) Is an important product for the combustion of fossil fuel and is also a greenhouse gas with the largest proportion. Statistics show that 2018 the CO produced by energy consumption globally 2 The greenhouse gas reaches 331 hundred million tons, and the growth rate is 1.7 percent, which is the largest greenhouse gas (72 percent of the total). Therefore, people are already in CO 2 A great deal of work is done on the aspects of capture, storage and conversion. Inspired by plant photosynthesis, people artificially simulatePhotocatalytic reduction of CO 2 The conversion to more valuable carbon-based fuels has been successfully achieved and is an important research topic in the world today.
Hydrotalcite-like compounds (LDHs) are important two-dimensional layered materials, and due to the characteristics of structural multifunctionality, cationic component adjustability, adjustable energy band structure and the like, the hydrotalcite-like compounds (LDHs) are in the presence of CO 2 Has great application potential in photocatalytic reduction. The LDHs material is composed of ultrathin composite metal plate layers, provides favorable conditions for efficient diffusion and separation of current carriers, and can increase CO content by exposing a large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface 2 Adsorption and resistance to solvents such as water. Because of these unique advantages, various LDH materials are in CO 2 The field of photoreduction is widely researched, but because the photocatalytic activity of a single LDHs material is not ideal due to the problems of low charge separation efficiency and the like, effective modification strategies for the LDHs material are applied to improving the performance, such as constructing a heterojunction, loading a cocatalyst and the like.
In addition, Quantum Dot (QDs) semiconductor materials have been widely studied due to their strong light trapping ability and effective promotion of charge transport ability. In particular, CuO QDs are receiving a great deal of attention due to their narrow band gap and wide optical response range. However, due to its inherent instability and agglomeration-prone properties, the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 The aspect is limited as a catalyst or cocatalyst. Therefore, CuO QDs are dispersed on the surface of LDHs, and an interface heterojunction is constructed under the action of electrostatic force, so that the CuO QDs are an effective strategy for improving the conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method and application of a novel photocatalyst, wherein the photocatalyst avoids using a noble metal photosensitizer and reduces CO by light 2 Is CH 3 OH has higher activity, keeps good stability after a cycle test, has simple preparation process and low cost, and provides a new research and development idea for the development of new energy and a novel catalyst.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a novel photocatalyst, which comprises the following steps:
(1) synthesis of ultra-thin cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite-like compound (CoAl-u) by one-step coprecipitation method
70mM Co (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and 35mM Al (NO) 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Dissolving O in 25mL of deionized water, and naming the solution A; a0.25 mM NaOH aqueous solution was prepared and designated as solution B. Subsequently, the solutions A and B were simultaneously added dropwise at 85 ℃ to a four-necked flask containing 25mL of ultrapure water, and the pH was kept constant at 9 to 10 with vigorous stirring. Then, the precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed twice with water, three times more with ethanol, and finally dispersed in 8mL of anhydrous ethanol for use, which was named as CoAl-u.
(2) Preparation of copper oxide quantum dots (CuO QDs) suspension by phase transfer method
Taking a certain amount of prepared 1M Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 The O solution was rapidly mixed with 50mL of an ethanol solution containing 1mL of dodecylamine (DDA). After vigorously stirring for 2min, adding 50mL of n-hexane solution into the mixed solution, and continuously and vigorously stirring for 1min to obtain blue flocculent Cu 2+ the-DDA complex is fully transferred from the water phase to the normal hexane phase, the mixed solution is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer after slight standing, the upper layer is the normal hexane phase containing the blue copper ion complex, and the lower layer is the water phase. The collected upper layer was then transferred to a round bottom flask and heated at 55 ℃ for 100min with stirring to obtain a CuO QDs suspension, designated CuO QDs-1/2/3 (corresponding to copper contents of 20, 60, 120. mu. mol, respectively).
(3) Preparation of composite catalyst copper oxide quantum dot loaded cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite
0.1g of the prepared CoAl-u was dispersed in absolute ethanol (150mL) by sonication and stirred for another 30 min. And then dropwise adding the normal hexane suspension of the CuO QDs into the CoAl-u ethanol suspension, and continuously and vigorously stirring the mixed solution at room temperature for 6 hours to ensure that the CuO QDs are fully adsorbed on the CoAl-u nano-sheets through electrostatic action. Then centrifuging to collect the product, washing with anhydrous ethanol for more than 3 times, and vacuum drying the obtained product at 80 ℃ for 12 h. The obtained products correspond to the above-mentioned CuO QDs-1, 2, 3, respectively named x% CuO/CoAl-u (x ═ 1.4%, 4.5%, 8.7%).
Second, nano photocatalyst x% CuO/CoAl-u photocatalytic reduction CO 2 The performance evaluation method comprises the following steps:
photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 The reaction is carried out in a closed normal-pressure quartz reactor by taking isopropanol as a solvent. The device is divided into five parts: high purity CO 2 Gas steel cylinder (99.999%), photocatalytic quartz reactor, high-pressure mercury lamp (250W), high-purity N 2 Gas cylinder (99.999%), gas chromatograph (BRUKER, 456-GC).
The specific experimental operations were as follows:
1) weighing 0.025g of catalyst powder to be detected, placing the catalyst powder into a reactor, adding 20mL of isopropanol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30s to obtain a fully dispersed catalyst-isopropanol suspension;
2) at 300 mL/min -1 Introducing CO into the sealed reactor at a flow rate 2 To remove air and make the system reach CO 2 For the purpose of saturation, turning on a light source to perform photocatalytic reaction;
4) after 10h of reaction, the lamp was turned off. The liquid product and the solid catalyst were separated by centrifugation, and the liquid product CH was detected by gas chromatography (BRUKER, 456-GC) 3 OH yield;
5) collecting the reacted solid catalyst, and circulating the test steps to evaluate the stability of the catalyst; and the above operations were repeated to carry out the control tests with catalyst-no light and with light-no catalyst, using high purity gas N 2 Substitute for high purity CO 2 A control experiment was performed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of a CoAl-u photocatalyst and an X% CuO/CoAl-u composite photocatalyst prepared according to the present invention, i.e., XRD patterns of example 1 and example 2;
FIG. 2 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of a CoAl-u photocatalyst prepared according to the present invention, i.e., a TEM image of example 1;
FIG. 3(a-c) is a TEM of a composite x% CuO/CoAl-u photocatalyst prepared according to the present invention, i.e., a TEM image of example 2;
FIG. 4 shows the original photocatalyst of CoAl-u prepared by the present invention and the photocatalytic reduction of CO by composite materials of x% CuO/CoAl-u with different ratios 2 Is CH 3 Yield of OH, i.e., performance test plots for example 1 and example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of activity cycle tests of 4.5% CuO/CoAl-u photocatalysts of the composite prepared according to the present invention, i.e., a graph showing the performance tests of the composite of example 2;
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an x% CuO/CoAl-u composite material with a heterostructure for photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 The preparation method of (1). The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 Preparation and performance test of ultrathin cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite materials and copper oxide quantum dots.
(1) Synthesis of ultra-thin cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite-like compound (CoAl-u) by one-step coprecipitation method
70mM Co (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and 35mM Al (NO) 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Dissolving O in 25mL of deionized water, and naming the solution A; a0.25 mM NaOH aqueous solution was prepared and designated as solution B. Subsequently, the solutions A and B were simultaneously added dropwise at 85 ℃ to a four-necked flask containing 25mL of ultrapure water, and the pH was kept constant at 10 with vigorous stirring. Then, the precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed twice with water, three times more with ethanol, and finally dispersed in 8mL of anhydrous ethanol for use, which was named as CoAl-u.
(2) Photocatalytic reduction of CO by nano photocatalyst ultrathin cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite 2 Study of Properties
Taking a 25mg CoAl-u sample and 20mL isopropanol in a photocatalytic quartz reactor, and introducing high-purity CO into the quartz reactor 2 The gas duration was 30min to exclude internal air and the reaction system was closed. Then, the light source is turned on for reaction, and the light source is turned off after the reaction is carried out for 10 hours. The methanol product yield was analyzed by gas chromatography (BRUKER, 456-GC).
Example 2
Has excellent photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 Preparing a performance nano composite photocatalyst x% CuO/CoAl-u and testing the performance.
(1) Taking a certain amount of prepared 1M Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 The O solution was rapidly mixed with 50mL of an ethanol solution containing 1mL of dodecylamine (DDA). After vigorously stirring for 2min, adding 50mL of n-hexane solution into the mixed solution, and continuously and vigorously stirring for 1min to obtain blue flocculent Cu 2+ the-DDA complex is fully transferred from the water phase to the normal hexane phase, the mixed solution is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer after slight standing, the upper layer is the normal hexane phase containing the blue copper ion complex, and the lower layer is the water phase. The upper layer was then collected and transferred to a round bottom flask and heated at 55 ℃ for 100min with stirring to obtain a CuO QDs suspension. 0.1g of the prepared CoAl-u was dispersed in absolute ethanol (150mL) by sonication and stirred for another 30 min. And then dropwise adding the normal hexane suspension of the CuO QDs into the CoAl-u ethanol suspension, and continuously and vigorously stirring the mixed solution at room temperature for 6 hours to ensure that the CuO QDs are fully adsorbed on the CoAl-u nano-sheets through electrostatic action. The product was then collected by centrifugation, washed 3 more times with absolute ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 80 ℃ for 12h, named x% CuO/CoAl-u (x ═ 1.4%, 4.5%, 8.7%).
(2) Photocatalytic reduction of CO by nano photocatalyst x% CuO/CoAl-u 2 Study of Properties
Taking 25mg of x% CuO/CoAl-u sample and 20mL of isopropanol in a photocatalytic quartz reactor, and introducing high-purity CO into the quartz reactor 2 The gas duration was 30min to exclude internal air and the reaction system was closed. Then, the light source is turned on for reaction, and the light source is turned off after the reaction is carried out for 10 hours. The methanol product yield was analyzed by gas chromatography (BRUKER, 456-GC).
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of ultra-thin cobalt aluminum hydrotalcite (CoAl-u) prepared in example 1 and example 2 and x% CuO/CoAl-u composite material, and the crystal structure of the ultra-thin cobalt aluminum hydrotalcite is changed along with the increase of the CuO QDs loading amount.
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of the CoAl-u photocatalyst obtained in example 1, which is seen to exhibit an ultra-thin nanosheet structure, ranging in thickness from about2.3-4.8 nm, the particle size is about 50nm, and the ultrathin lamellar structure is very beneficial to CO 2 Adsorption of (3).
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of the 4.5% CuO/CoAl-u composite obtained in example 2. Among them, FIG. 3(a-b) shows the distribution of particles of CuO QDs on a CoAl-u sheet, which has a particle size of about 2.9 nm; FIG. 3(c) allows observation of the lattice spacing of the CuO and CoAl-u nanomaterials, indicating successful preparation of the composite.
FIG. 4 shows the results of activity tests on the catalysts prepared in examples 1 and 2, which shows that the composite photocatalyst, 4.5% CuO/CoAl-u, can be used for photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 The yield of the produced methanol is obviously higher than that of other catalysts, and the yield reaches 283.26 mu mol g -1 ·h -1 。
FIG. 5 shows that the methanol yield of the composite material 4.5% CuO/CoAl-u can reach more than 95% of the initial photocatalytic yield after four activity cycle tests, which indicates that the photocatalyst has good stability.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a CuO QDs/CoAl-LDHs composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) synthesis of ultrathin cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite-like compound CoAl-u by one-step coprecipitation method
70mM Co (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and 35mM Al (NO) 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Dissolving O in 25mL of deionized water, and naming the solution A; a0.25 mM NaOH aqueous solution was prepared, designated as solution B, and then solutions A and B were simultaneously added dropwise at 85 ℃ to a four-necked flask containing 25mL of ultrapure water, and the pH was kept constant at 10 with vigorous stirring, and then, the mixture was introducedCentrifuging to collect precipitate, washing with water twice and ethanol for more than three times, and finally dispersing in 8mL of absolute ethanol for later use, wherein the name of the absolute ethanol is CoAl-u;
(2) preparation of copper oxide quantum dot CuO QDs suspension by phase transfer method
Taking a certain amount of prepared 1M Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 Rapidly mixing O solution with 50mL ethanol solution containing 1mL dodecylamine DDA, vigorously stirring for 2min, adding 50mL n-hexane solution into the above mixed solution, and vigorously stirring for 1min to obtain blue flocculent Cu 2+ -DDA complex is fully transferred from a water phase to a normal hexane phase, the mixed solution is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer after slight standing, the upper layer is the normal hexane phase containing blue copper ion complex, the lower layer is the water phase, then the upper layer is collected and transferred to a round bottom flask, and the mixture is stirred and heated for 100min at 55 ℃ to obtain CuO QDs suspension which is named as CuO QDs-1/2/3, wherein 1/2/3 respectively corresponds to copper contents of 20, 60 and 120 mu mol;
(3) preparation of composite catalyst copper oxide quantum dot loaded cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite
Dispersing 0.1g of prepared CoAl-u in 150mL of absolute ethyl alcohol through ultrasonic treatment, stirring for 30min, then dropwise adding a CuO QDs n-hexane suspension into the CoAl-u ethanol suspension, continuously and vigorously stirring the mixed solution for 6h at room temperature to enable the CuO QDs to be fully adsorbed on CoAl-u nano-sheets through electrostatic interaction, then centrifuging to collect products, washing the products for more than 3 times with the absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the obtained products for 12h in vacuum at 80 ℃, wherein the obtained products correspond to the CuO QDs-1, 2 and 3 and are respectively named as x% CuO/CoAl-u, and x is 1.4, 4.5 and 8.7.
2. The CuO QDs/CoAl-LDHs composite material prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 is used for photocatalytic reduction of CO under ultraviolet light 2 Produce CH 3 Application in OH aspect.
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