CN112602472B - Summer vegetable grafting management method - Google Patents
Summer vegetable grafting management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112602472B CN112602472B CN202011443380.8A CN202011443380A CN112602472B CN 112602472 B CN112602472 B CN 112602472B CN 202011443380 A CN202011443380 A CN 202011443380A CN 112602472 B CN112602472 B CN 112602472B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1476—Greenhouse gutters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
- A01G9/227—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like rolled up during non-use
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a summer vegetable grafting management method, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The summer vegetable grafting management method comprises the following steps: step 1: installing a greenhouse; step 2: constructing a water tank; step 3: installing a small arch shed; step 4: grafting; step 5: spraying for the first time; step 6: draining and injecting water; step 7: firstly lifting the second sunshade net and the second plastic film; step 8: covering a second sunshade net and a second plastic film; step 9: secondary spraying; step 10: hardening off seedlings. By adopting the summer vegetable grafting management method, the internal air temperature of the small arch shed is reduced by 5-7 ℃ compared with the external air temperature, and the grafting survival rate is at least 95 percent, and compared with the prior art, the grafting survival rate is at least 43 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a summer vegetable grafting management method, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
In recent years, in order to prevent soil-borne diseases of melons and solanaceous vegetables, such as melon wilt, solanaceous bacterial wilt and the like, growers often use grafting technology. The grafting can prevent soil-borne diseases, enhance the disease resistance and low temperature resistance of plants, enlarge the absorption range of root systems and improve the yield. The key point of grafting survival is that whether the grafted seedlings can keep proper temperature and humidity after grafting. Too high or too low temperature and humidity can affect the survival rate of grafted seedlings. The temperature of the grafted seedlings is 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is 92-95% after grafting. But in hot summer, the temperature is as high as 35-38 ℃, the evaporation capacity is large, the air humidity is small, and the healing of grafting wounds can be affected, so that the grafting survival rate is generally low.
In view of this, it is necessary to develop a summer vegetable grafting management method to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a summer vegetable grafting management method. By adopting the summer vegetable grafting management method, the internal air temperature of the small arch shed is reduced by 5-7 ℃ compared with the external air temperature, and the grafting survival rate is at least 95 percent, and compared with the prior art, the grafting survival rate is at least 43 percent.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a summer vegetable grafting management method comprises the following steps:
step 1: installation greenhouse
Sequentially covering a first plastic film and a first sunshade net matched with the first plastic film in size on the outer surface of a greenhouse support, wherein the bottom ends of the first plastic film and the first sunshade net are 1.5m-2m away from the ground to form a greenhouse;
step 2: construction of a flume
A plurality of water tanks with openings at the top end are built at intervals in the greenhouse, the water tanks are subjected to waterproof treatment, water is injected into the water tanks, and then a screen plate is paved on the water surface;
step 3: mounting small arch shed
A plurality of small shed brackets are built at intervals above each water tank, a second plastic film and a second sunshade net matched with the second plastic film in size are sequentially covered on the outer surfaces of the small shed brackets, the bottom end of the second plastic film is sealed, and the bottom end of the second sunshade net is fixed, so that a small arch shed is formed; then paving drip irrigation belts on the outer top of each small arch shed;
step 4: grafting
When the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 32 ℃ for 12-16 hours, grafting vegetables, and then placing grafted seedlings on the screen plate in the step 2;
step 5: first spraying
Opening the drip irrigation belt, and spraying the outside of the small arch shed for the first time;
step 6: drainage and water injection
When the temperature inside the small arch shed is lower than 30 ℃, the water in the water tank is firstly emptied and then refilled at each interval of 11-14 hours;
when the air temperature in the small arch shed is more than or equal to 30 ℃, water is injected into the water tank while the water tank is drained, and the water injection amount and the drainage amount are kept equal;
step 7: first lifting second sunshade net and second plastic film
After the grafted seedlings are grafted for 75-86 hours, the second sunshade net and the second plastic film are lifted for the first time;
step 8: covering the second sunshade net and the second plastic film
Covering the second plastic film and the second sunshade net in sequence after grafting seedlings for 90-101 h, sealing the bottom end of the second plastic film and fixing the bottom end of the second sunshade net;
step 9: secondary spraying
Opening the drip irrigation belt and performing secondary spraying on the outside of the small arch shed;
step 10: hardening off seedlings
130-150 hours after grafting of grafted seedlings, removing the drip irrigation belt and the small shed bracket, lifting the second sunshade net, the second plastic film and the first sunshade net, and starting seedling hardening;
if the leaves of the grafted seedlings are wilted, covering the first sunshade net, and watering the grafted seedlings for 1 time each day at 9:00-10:00 and 16:00-17:00 until the water content of the seedling substrate is 75-85 wt%;
and (5) after 240-288 hours of grafting, the grafted seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery and transplanted to a field for cultivation.
The principle of the application is as follows:
first, in step 1 of the present application, the outer surface of the greenhouse support is covered with the first plastic film, so as to play a role in rain shielding. And then the first sunshade net is covered outside the first plastic film to play a role in sunshade and cooling. The inventor of the application tests and discovers that when the first sunshade net is covered on the outer surface of the greenhouse support in the high-temperature weather of 35-38 ℃, the temperature inside the greenhouse is 2-3 ℃ lower than the temperature outside the greenhouse, which is more beneficial to healing of grafting wounds. In addition, the bottom ends of the first plastic film and the first sunshade net are 1.5m-2m away from the ground, so that ventilation and ventilation of the periphery of the greenhouse can be kept.
In the second step 2 of the present application, the shape of the water tank may be rectangular or circular. The shape of the greenhouse is mostly rectangular, so that the water tank is also rectangular and more convenient. The number of the water tanks is flexibly determined according to the area of the greenhouse. The water tank can be built by bricks, so that the cost is saved, and the water tank is convenient to detach and reuse in future. The specific size of the water tank can be flexibly determined according to the number of grafted seedlings. Waterproof cloth is paved on the bottom and the surrounding walls of the pool to prevent water leakage. And injecting water into the water tank for cooling grafted seedlings subsequently. Compared with other cooling modes, such as cooling a greenhouse by using an air conditioner, cooling by spraying a cooling agent to a plastic film of the greenhouse, and the like, the water injection mode is more convenient and saves cost.
The net plate is paved on the water surface, the net plate is used for placing grafted seedlings subsequently, a plurality of meshes are formed in the net plate, the grafted seedlings can breathe and generate heat to be dissipated into water in the water tank, and the water can absorb heat, so that the purpose of reducing the air temperature in the small arch shed is achieved.
Third, in the step 3 of the application, the outer surface of the small arch shed bracket is covered with a second plastic film, the bottom end is sealed, and the grafted seedlings are moisturized. And a second sunshade net is covered outside the second plastic film to reduce the internal temperature of the small arch shed.
Fourth, in step 4 of the present application, the grafting time is determined to be the outside ambient temperature of 32 ℃ or less and maintained for 12h to 16h based on the following consideration:
the conditions can be usually met in cloudy days and rainy days, but the summer weather is hot, and is mostly sunny and cloudy, especially 9:30-15:00, and the outside environment temperature is often as high as 35-38 ℃, so that the healing of grafting wounds is not facilitated. The grafting time was thus determined to be 15:30-21:30. After 15:30, the extremely hot high temperature is gradually reduced to cool, the temperature is generally reduced to below 32 ℃, the temperature is reduced along with the slow falling of the sun, the temperature is often increased to above 32 ℃ after 9:30 in the next day, such as sunny and cloudy weather. The key period of healing of the grafting wound is 12-16 hours after the grafting of the grafting seedling is finished, so that 15:30-21:30 is selected as the grafting time, the healing period of the grafting wound can be maintained for 12-16 hours under the condition that the outside environment temperature is 25-32 ℃ after the grafting is finished, the healing of the grafting wound is facilitated, and the grafting survival rate is improved.
Fifth, in step 5 of the present application, the outside of the small arch shed is sprayed for the first time, which plays a role in reducing the temperature inside the small arch shed.
Sixth, in step 6 of the application, when the temperature inside the small arch shelter is less than 30 ℃, the water in the water tank is emptied every 11-14 h, and then water is refilled. When the temperature in the small arch shed is more than or equal to 30 ℃, the mode of draining water and feeding water is implemented on the water tank, so that the effect of reducing the temperature in the small arch shed is achieved. In general, well water can be adopted as the injected water, the water temperature of the well water is 3-4 ℃ lower than the external environment temperature, and the cooling effect is better.
Seventh, in step 7 of the present application, the time for opening the second sunshade net and the second plastic film for the first time is 75h-86h after grafting the grafted seedling, which is based on the following consideration:
if the grafting is carried out in rainy days, the daytime air temperature is often lower than 32 ℃, namely 6:00-15:30, and grafting can be carried out. 86 hours after grafting, namely 17:30-18:00 after 3.5 days, the grafting wound is basically healed, but the grafted seedlings are fragile, and the influence of the external environment is relatively large; if the weather is sunny and cloudy, grafting is carried out when the air temperature is lower than 32 ℃ after the air temperature is 15:30. 75 hours after grafting, namely 17:30-18:00 after 3 days, the grafting wound is basically healed, but the grafted seedlings are fragile, and the influence of the external environment is large. If the air temperature is too high, the second sunshade net and the second plastic film are lifted, and the grafted seedlings die due to water loss caused by the fact that the high temperature lasts for too long. And (3) lifting the second plastic film and the second sunshade net in a ratio of 17:30-18:00, wherein the sun falls off the mountain immediately at the moment, the outside environment temperature is less than or equal to 30 ℃, and the air humidity is 60% -70%. The grafted seedlings gradually transition from a high-temperature environment with the air humidity of 92-95% to a high-temperature environment with the air humidity of 60-70% and adapt to the external environment slowly, so that the grafted wounds can be healed completely, and healthy grafted seedlings can be grown.
Eighth, in the step 8 of the application, 90h-101h after grafting of the grafted seedlings, the grafting wound is not completely healed, and the small arch shed is required to be continuously covered with a second plastic film and a second sunshade net.
And ninth, in the step 9, secondary spray cooling is carried out on the top outside the small arch shed, so that the grafting wound is beneficial to complete healing.
Tenth, in the step 10 of the application, seedling hardening is started from 130h to 150h after grafting of the grafted seedlings. And after 240h-288h of grafting, the grafting wound is completely healed, new leaves grow out, healthy grafting seedlings grow, and at the moment, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery and transplanted to a field for cultivation. By hardening off the seedlings, the grafted seedlings are slowly adapted to the external environment conditions, the adaptability of the grafted seedlings to the environment is improved, and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings after being transplanted to the field is improved.
In summary, the first sunshade net covers the outer surface of the greenhouse, and can cool by 2-3 ℃; secondly, constructing a water tank, injecting water into the water tank, constructing a small arch shed above the water tank, sequentially covering a second plastic film and a second sunshade net on the outer surface of the small arch shed, and paving a drip irrigation belt for spraying, wherein the temperature can be reduced by 3-4 ℃ and the humidity can be kept at 95-98%; fourthly, the grafting time is determined to be that the outside environment temperature is less than or equal to 32 ℃ and kept for 12-16 hours, so that the grafting survival rate can be improved; fifthly, the time for opening the second sunshade net and the second plastic film for the first time is 75-86 hours after grafting of the grafted seedlings, so that healing of grafting wounds is facilitated, and grafting survival rate is improved.
The vegetable summer grafting management method has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the summer vegetable grafting management method, the internal air temperature of the small arch shed is reduced by 5-7 ℃ compared with the external air temperature, and the grafting survival rate is at least 95 percent, and compared with the prior art, the grafting survival rate is at least 43 percent.
2. The summer vegetable grafting management method is simple to operate, low in cost and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the application can be improved as follows.
In step 1, the greenhouse support is arched.
In step 1, the first sunshade net is black, the knitting method is weft knitting eight-needle knitting, and the sunshade rate is 95%.
In step 2, waterproof cloth is laid on the bottom and the peripheral walls of the water tank.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: by adopting the method, the method is more convenient and has better waterproof effect.
In step 2, the water injection amount in the water tank is 60% -80% of the volume of the water tank.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the water injection quantity can meet the growth requirement of vegetables.
In the step 2, the mesh plate is made of any one of plastic, aluminum products and stainless steel, the thickness of the mesh plate is 0.2cm-0.4cm, a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed on the mesh plate, and the aperture of each through hole is 1.0cm-1.5cm.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the net plate is provided with the through holes, so that the air permeability is good, and heat generated in the small arch shed can be dissipated into water in the water tank, so that the temperature in the small arch shed is reduced.
In step 3, the shed support is arched.
In step 4, the vegetables are melons or solanaceous fruits.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: melon and solanaceous vegetables may be used in the present application. Wherein the melon vegetables comprise watermelon, melon, balsam pear, cucumber, etc., and the solanaceous vegetables comprise pepper, eggplant, tomato, etc. Melon vegetables can be grafted by a top grafting method, a leaning method and the like; the grafting of the solanaceous vegetables can be performed by a sleeve method, a split grafting method and the like.
Further, in the step 5, the time of the first spraying is 75-86 h, and the water quantity is 150-200L/h.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: by adopting the spraying time and the spraying water quantity, the external cooling of the small arch shed can be realized.
Further, in the step 9, the time of the secondary spraying is 36-48 h, and the water quantity is 150-200L/h.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: by adopting the spraying time and the spraying water quantity, the external cooling of the small arch shed can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a summer vegetable grafting management method according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples being provided for the purpose of illustrating the application and not for the purpose of limiting the same.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the summer vegetable grafting management method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: installation greenhouse
The outer surface of the arched greenhouse support 1 is sequentially covered with a first plastic film 2 and a first sunshade net 3 which is matched with the first plastic film 2 in size, the first sunshade net 3 is black in color, the knitting method is weft knitting eight-needle type, the sunshade rate is 95%, and the bottom ends of the first plastic film 2 and the first sunshade net 3 are 1.5m away from the ground to form a greenhouse 4.
Step 2: construction of a flume
And a plurality of water tanks 5 with openings at the top end are built at intervals in the greenhouse 4, the water tanks 5 are subjected to waterproof treatment, namely waterproof cloth is paved at the bottom and the peripheral walls of the water tanks 5, water is injected into the water tanks 5, the water injection amount in the water tanks 5 accounts for 60% of the volume of the water tanks 5, and then a screen 6 is paved on the water surface. The screen plate 6 is made of plastic, the thickness of the screen plate is 0.2cm, a plurality of through holes 12 are uniformly distributed on the screen plate 6, and the aperture of each through hole 12 is 1.0cm.
Step 3: mounting small arch shed
A plurality of arched greenhouse supports 7 are built at intervals above each water tank 5, a second plastic film 8 and a second sunshade net 9 matched with the second plastic film 8 in size are sequentially covered on the outer surfaces of the plurality of greenhouse supports 7, the bottom end of the second plastic film 8 is sealed, and the bottom end of the second sunshade net 9 is fixed, so that a small greenhouse 10 is formed; a drip tape 11 is then laid on top of the outer side of each of the small sheds 10.
Step 4: grafting
And (2) when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 32 ℃ for 12 hours, grafting the melon vegetables, and then placing grafted seedlings on the screen plate 6 in the step (2).
Step 5: first spraying
And opening the drip irrigation belt 11, and spraying the outside of the small arch shelter 10 for the first time, wherein the spraying time is 75 hours, and the water quantity is 200L/h.
Step 6: drainage and water injection
When the temperature inside the small arch shelter 10 is lower than 30 ℃, evacuating the water in the water tank 5 and then refilling water every 11 hours;
when the temperature in the small arch shelter 10 is more than or equal to 30 ℃, the water is injected into the water tank 5 while the water tank 5 is drained, and the water injection amount and the water drainage amount are kept equal.
Step 7: first lifting second sunshade net and second plastic film
75 hours after grafting of the grafted seedlings, the second sunshade net 9 and the second plastic film 8 are lifted for the first time.
Step 8: covering the second sunshade net and the second plastic film
And after the grafted seedlings are grafted for 90 hours, sequentially covering the second plastic film 8 and the second sunshade net 9, sealing the bottom end of the second plastic film 8 and fixing the bottom end of the second sunshade net 9.
Step 9: secondary spraying
And opening the drip irrigation belt 11, and performing secondary spraying on the outside of the small arch shelter 10, wherein the spraying time is 36h, and the water quantity is 150L/h.
Step 10: hardening off seedlings
130h after grafting of grafted seedlings, removing the drip irrigation belt 11 and the small shed support 7, lifting the second sunshade net 9, the second plastic film 8 and the first sunshade net 3, and starting seedling hardening.
If the leaves of the grafted seedlings are wilted, covering the first sunshade net 3, and watering the grafted seedlings for 1 time each day at 9:00-10:00 and 16:00-17:00 until the water content of the seedling substrate is 75-85 wt%.
And (5) after 240h of grafting, the grafted seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery and transplanted to a field for cultivation.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the summer vegetable grafting management method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: installation greenhouse
The outer surface of the arched greenhouse support 1 is sequentially covered with a first plastic film 2 and a first sunshade net 3 which is matched with the first plastic film 2 in size, the first sunshade net 3 is black in color, the knitting method is weft knitting eight-needle type, the sunshade rate is 95%, and the bottom ends of the first plastic film 2 and the first sunshade net 3 are 1.8m away from the ground to form the greenhouse 4.
Step 2: construction of a flume
And a plurality of water tanks 5 with openings at the top end are built at intervals in the greenhouse 4, the water tanks 5 are subjected to waterproof treatment, namely waterproof cloth is paved at the bottom and the peripheral walls of the water tanks 5, water is injected into the water tanks 5, the water injection amount in the water tanks 5 accounts for 70% of the volume of the water tanks 5, and then a screen 6 is paved on the water surface. The screen plate 6 is made of aluminum products, the thickness of the screen plate is 0.3cm, a plurality of through holes 12 are uniformly distributed on the screen plate 6, and the aperture of each through hole 12 is 1.2cm.
Step 3: mounting small arch shed
A plurality of arched greenhouse supports 7 are built at intervals above each water tank 5, a second plastic film 8 and a second sunshade net 9 matched with the second plastic film 8 in size are sequentially covered on the outer surfaces of the plurality of greenhouse supports 7, the bottom end of the second plastic film 8 is sealed, and the bottom end of the second sunshade net 9 is fixed, so that a small greenhouse 10 is formed; a drip tape 11 is then laid on top of the outer side of each of the small sheds 10.
Step 4: grafting
And (2) when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 32 ℃ for 14 hours, grafting the melon vegetables, and then placing grafted seedlings on the screen plate 6 in the step (2).
Step 5: first spraying
And opening the drip irrigation belt 11, and spraying the outside of the small arch shelter 10 for the first time, wherein the spraying time is 80h, and the water quantity is 180L/h.
Step 6: drainage and water injection
When the temperature inside the small arch shelter 10 is lower than 30 ℃, evacuating the water in the water tank 5 and then refilling water every 12 hours;
when the temperature in the small arch shelter 10 is more than or equal to 30 ℃, the water is injected into the water tank 5 while the water tank 5 is drained, and the water injection amount and the water drainage amount are kept equal.
Step 7: first lifting second sunshade net and second plastic film
And after 80 hours of grafting of the grafted seedlings, the second sunshade net 9 and the second plastic film 8 are lifted for the first time.
Step 8: covering the second sunshade net and the second plastic film
And after the grafted seedlings are grafted for 95 hours, sequentially covering the second plastic film 8 and the second sunshade net 9, sealing the bottom end of the second plastic film 8 and fixing the bottom end of the second sunshade net 9.
Step 9: secondary spraying
And opening the drip irrigation belt 11, and performing secondary spraying on the outside of the small arch shelter 10, wherein the spraying time is 42h, and the water quantity is 180L/h.
Step 10: hardening off seedlings
And after the grafted seedlings are grafted for 140 hours, the drip irrigation belt 11 and the small shed bracket 7 are removed, and the second sunshade net 9, the second plastic film 8 and the first sunshade net 3 are lifted to start seedling hardening.
If the leaves of the grafted seedlings are wilted, covering the first sunshade net 3, and watering the grafted seedlings for 1 time each day at 9:00-10:00 and 16:00-17:00 until the water content of the seedling substrate is 80wt%.
And (3) after 262 hours of grafting, the grafted seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery and transplanted to a field for cultivation.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the summer vegetable grafting management method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: installation greenhouse
The outer surface of the arched greenhouse support 1 is sequentially covered with a first plastic film 2 and a first sunshade net 3 which is matched with the first plastic film 2 in size, the first sunshade net 3 is black in color, the knitting method is weft knitting eight-needle type, the sunshade rate is 95%, and the bottom ends of the first plastic film 2 and the first sunshade net 3 are 2m away from the ground to form a greenhouse 4.
Step 2: construction of a flume
And a plurality of water tanks 5 with openings at the top end are built at intervals in the greenhouse 4, the water tanks 5 are subjected to waterproof treatment, namely waterproof cloth is paved at the bottom and the peripheral walls of the water tanks 5, water is injected into the water tanks 5, the water injection amount in the water tanks 5 accounts for 60-80% of the volume of the water tanks 5, and then a screen 6 is paved on the water surface. The screen plate 6 is made of stainless steel, the thickness of the screen plate is 0.4cm, a plurality of through holes 12 are uniformly distributed on the screen plate 6, and the aperture of each through hole 12 is 1.5cm.
Step 3: mounting small arch shed
A plurality of arched greenhouse supports 7 are built at intervals above each water tank 5, a second plastic film 8 and a second sunshade net 9 matched with the second plastic film 8 in size are sequentially covered on the outer surfaces of the plurality of greenhouse supports 7, the bottom end of the second plastic film 8 is sealed, and the bottom end of the second sunshade net 9 is fixed, so that a small greenhouse 10 is formed; a drip tape 11 is then laid on top of the outer side of each of the small sheds 10.
Step 4: grafting
And (3) when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 32 ℃ for 16 hours, grafting the solanaceous vegetables, and then placing grafted seedlings on the screen plate 6 in the step (2).
Step 5: first spraying
And opening the drip irrigation belt 11, and spraying the outside of the small arch shelter 10 for the first time, wherein the spraying time is 86h, and the water quantity is 150L/h.
Step 6: drainage and water injection
When the temperature inside the small arch shelter 10 is less than 30 ℃, evacuating the water in the water tank 5 and then refilling water every 14 hours;
when the temperature in the small arch shelter 10 is more than or equal to 30 ℃, the water is injected into the water tank 5 while the water tank 5 is drained, and the water injection amount and the water drainage amount are kept equal.
Step 7: first lifting second sunshade net and second plastic film
And after 86 hours of grafting of the grafted seedlings, the second sunshade net 9 and the second plastic film 8 are lifted for the first time.
Step 8: covering the second sunshade net and the second plastic film
And after grafting seedlings are grafted for 101h, sequentially covering the second plastic film 8 and the second sunshade net 9, sealing the bottom end of the second plastic film 8 and fixing the bottom end of the second sunshade net 9.
Step 9: secondary spraying
And opening the drip irrigation belt 11, and performing secondary spraying on the outside of the small arch shelter 10, wherein the spraying time is 48 hours, and the water quantity is 150L/h.
Step 10: hardening off seedlings
And after the grafted seedlings are grafted for 150 hours, the drip irrigation belt 11 and the small shed bracket 7 are removed, and the second sunshade net 9, the second plastic film 8 and the first sunshade net 3 are lifted to start seedling hardening.
If the leaves of the grafted seedlings are wilted, covering the first sunshade net 3, and watering the grafted seedlings for 1 time each day at 9:00-10:00 and 16:00-17:00 until the water content of the seedling substrate is 85wt%.
And after 288 hours of grafting, the grafted seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery and transplanted to a field for cultivation.
Comparative example 1
Unlike example 1, comparative example 1 does not include steps 2 and 3, i.e., there is no step of constructing a sink and installing a small arch, and the remaining steps are the same.
The number of the grafted seedlings is 600, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparative table of effects of example 1 and comparative example 1 on survival rate of grafted seedlings
As can be seen from Table 1, the method of example 1 was adopted, the internal air temperature of the small arch shed was 29℃and a suitable temperature was provided for wound healing of the grafted seedlings, thereby improving the grafting survival rate, which was as high as 95%. By adopting the method of the comparative example 1, the grafted seedlings are placed in a greenhouse, the air temperature is 33 ℃, and the high temperature influences the healing of grafting wounds, so that the grafting survival rate is generally low, and is only 52%.
Therefore, the application can improve the grafting survival rate of the grafted seedlings by adopting the cooling measure.
Comparative example 2
Unlike example 2, comparative example 2 does not include steps 2 and 3, i.e., the step of constructing a water tank and installing a small arch, and does not include the step 4 of maintaining the grafting time for a period of time of 12 hours at which the outside ambient air temperature is not more than 32 c, and the remaining steps are the same.
The number of the grafted seedlings is 1200, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 comparative table of effects of example 2 and comparative example 2 on survival rate of grafted seedlings
As is clear from Table 2, the grafting time is 16:00-20:00, the average air temperature is 28 ℃, the air temperature below 32 ℃ is kept for 14 hours, the grafting air temperature is suitable and the sufficient time is kept, and conditions are provided for wound healing of grafted seedlings, so that the grafting survival rate is improved, and the grafting survival rate is as high as 95%. By adopting the method of comparative example 2, the grafting time is 8:00-12:00, the average air temperature is 34 ℃, the air temperature below 32 ℃ is kept for 0h, and the healing of grafting wounds is affected by high temperature, so that the grafting survival rate is generally low and is only 53%.
Therefore, the application can improve the grafting survival rate of grafted seedlings by providing proper grafting time and keeping sufficient proper grafting wound healing time.
Comparative example 3
Unlike example 3, in step 7 of comparative example 3, it was confirmed that the first lifting of the second sunshade net and the second plastic film was 72 hours after grafting of the grafted seedlings, and the remaining steps were the same.
The number of the grafted seedlings is 720, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 comparative table of effects of example 3 and comparative example 3 on survival rate of grafted seedlings
As can be seen from Table 3, the grafting time is 18:00, the duration of grafting and covering the second sunshade net and the second plastic film is 72 hours, the lifting time is 18:00, the air temperature is 28 ℃, the sun is about to fall into mountains at the moment, the outside environment air temperature is reduced to 28 ℃, and conditions are provided for grafting seedlings to adapt to the outside environment, so that the grafting survival rate is improved and is as high as 96%. In comparative example 3, the grafting time is 18:00, the duration of grafting and covering the second sunshade net and the second plastic film is 86 hours, the lifting time is 8:00, the air temperature is 32 ℃, at the moment, the second sunshade net and the second plastic film are lifted when the air temperature is too high, and the grafted seedlings can die due to water loss caused by the fact that the high temperature lasts for too long, so that the grafting survival rate is generally low and is only 86%.
Therefore, the application can improve the grafting survival rate of the grafted seedlings by providing the time suitable for lifting the sunshade net and the film and creating the external environment suitable for the grafted seedlings.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the application to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.
Claims (8)
1. The summer vegetable grafting management method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: installation greenhouse
The outer surface of the greenhouse support (1) is sequentially covered with a first plastic film (2) and a first sunshade net (3) which is matched with the first plastic film (2) in size, and the bottom ends of the first plastic film (2) and the first sunshade net (3) are 1.5m-2m away from the ground to form a greenhouse (4);
step 2: construction of a flume
A plurality of water tanks (5) with open top ends are built at intervals in the greenhouse (4), the water tanks (5) are subjected to waterproof treatment, water is injected into the water tanks (5), and then a screen plate (6) is paved on the water surface;
step 3: mounting small arch shed
A plurality of small shed brackets (7) are built at intervals above each water tank (5), a second plastic film (8) and a second sunshade net (9) matched with the second plastic film (8) in size are sequentially covered on the outer surfaces of the small shed brackets (7), the bottom end of the second plastic film (8) is sealed, and the bottom ends of the second sunshade nets (9) are fixed to form a small arch shed (10); then, paving drip irrigation belts (11) on the outer top of each small arch shed (10);
step 4: grafting
When the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 32 ℃ for 12-16 hours, grafting vegetables, and then placing grafted seedlings on the screen plate (6) in the step 2;
step 5: first spraying
Opening the drip irrigation belt (11), and spraying the outside of the small arch shed (10) for the first time, wherein the time of the first spraying is 75-86 h, and the water quantity is 150-200L/h;
step 6: drainage and water injection
When the temperature inside the small arch shed (10) is lower than 30 ℃, the water in the water tank (5) is firstly emptied at each interval of 11-14 h, and then water is refilled;
when the air temperature in the small arch shed (10) is more than or equal to 30 ℃, water is injected into the water tank (5) while the water tank (5) is drained, and the water injection amount and the water drainage amount are kept equal;
step 7: first lifting second sunshade net and second plastic film
After 75-86 h of grafting of the grafted seedlings, opening the second sunshade net (9) and the second plastic film (8) for the first time;
step 8: covering the second sunshade net and the second plastic film
Covering the second plastic film (8) and the second sunshade net (9) in sequence after grafting seedlings for 90-101 h, sealing the bottom end of the second plastic film (8) and fixing the bottom end of the second sunshade net (9);
step 9: secondary spraying
Opening the drip irrigation belt (11), and performing secondary spraying on the outside of the small arch shed (10), wherein the secondary spraying time is 36-48 h, and the water quantity is 150-200L/h;
step 10: hardening off seedlings
130-150 h after grafting of grafted seedlings, removing the drip irrigation belt (11) and the small shed bracket (7), lifting the second sunshade net (9), the second plastic film (8) and the first sunshade net (3), and starting seedling hardening;
if the leaves of the grafted seedlings are wilted, covering the first sunshade net (3), and watering the grafted seedlings for 1 time each day at 9:00-10:00 and 16:00-17:00 until the water content of the seedling substrate is 75-85 wt%;
and (5) after 240-288 hours of grafting, the grafted seedlings are transplanted out of the nursery and transplanted to a field for cultivation.
2. The summer vegetable grafting management method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the greenhouse bracket (1) is arched.
3. The method for managing vegetable grafting in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, the first sunshade net (3) is black in color, the knitting method is weft knitting eight-needle knitting, and the sunshade rate is 95%.
4. The method for managing vegetable grafting in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, the waterproofing treatment is to lay waterproof cloth on the bottom and the peripheral walls of the water tank (5).
5. The summer vegetable grafting management method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the water injection amount in the water tank (5) is 60% -80% of the volume of the water tank (5).
6. The method for managing vegetable grafting in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, the screen plate (6) is made of any one of plastic, aluminum products and stainless steel, the thickness is 0.2cm-0.4cm, a plurality of through holes (12) are uniformly distributed on the screen plate (6), and the aperture of the through holes (12) is 1.0cm-1.5cm.
7. The summer vegetable grafting management method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the shed bracket (7) is arched.
8. The method for managing vegetable grafting in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4, the vegetable is melon or solanaceous fruit.
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