CN112599747A - Preparation method of carbon nano tube/silicon composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbon nano tube/silicon composite material Download PDF

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CN112599747A
CN112599747A CN202011482797.5A CN202011482797A CN112599747A CN 112599747 A CN112599747 A CN 112599747A CN 202011482797 A CN202011482797 A CN 202011482797A CN 112599747 A CN112599747 A CN 112599747A
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silicon
composite material
dispersion liquid
nano tube
carbon nano
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孔令华
纪东森
沈杰
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Deyi High Tech Hangzhou Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material, which comprises the steps of preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid, preparing carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and mixing and post-treating. Specifically, the silicon powder dispersion liquid is slowly added into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid according to a certain proportion, the mechanical stirring and the ultrasonic stirring are carried out firstly until the reaction is fully carried out, and then the carbon nano tube/silicon composite material is finally obtained through drying treatment and reduction treatment. According to the invention, through a series of reactions of the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and the nano silicon powder dispersion liquid, the volume effect of nano silicon is effectively relieved, the agglomeration of nano silicon is effectively inhibited, the defect of poor silicon conductivity is overcome, and the carbon nanotube/silicon composite material has a large specific surface area.

Description

Preparation method of carbon nano tube/silicon composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of carbon-based/silicon composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material for a lithium battery.
Background
Lithium ion batteries using graphite as the negative electrode have excellent working performance and low environmental pollution, and thus have become one of the main power sources of portable electronic products such as mobile communication and notebook computers. However, with the gradual adjustment of the national subsidy policy, the lithium ion battery is gradually developed toward both high energy density and high power density. The performance of a lithium ion battery is mainly determined by the performance of the electrode material. Because the silicon has the theoretical specific capacity of 4200mAh/g, the silicon has good application potential compared with 372mAh/g of graphite and has lower charge and discharge potential, the silicon becomes the preferred material of the lithium ion battery. However, the lithium ion battery has a rapid volume expansion during the alloying reaction, which causes pulverization failure, resulting in a rapid battery capacity attenuation and a short battery life.
In order to make up for the defects of the silicon material, researchers adopt the idea of material compounding to coat a layer of carbon or other materials outside the silicon material to avoid the direct contact between the silicon and the electrolyte, so as to reduce the occurrence of side reactions, relieve the volume change of the silicon, and improve the structural stability of the material, thereby realizing the improvement of the cycle life of the NCM811/Si system.
Due to the ultrahigh specific surface area, large length-diameter ratio, excellent conductivity and good mechanical stability of the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) material with the one-dimensional structure, the multi-walled carbon nanotube material is widely applied to various electrode materials, and a plurality of researches show that the electrochemical performance of an electrode can be effectively improved by compounding the multi-walled carbon nanotube material. In the traditional method, a ball milling method is generally adopted to ball mill and mix the single-walled carbon nanotube and the silicon nanoparticles, and the prepared composite material of the carbon nanotube and the silicon is used as a negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, so that good electrochemical performance is obtained. However, the method has the disadvantages that the uniformity of the ball-milling mixing method is poor, the binding force between the carbon nano tube and silicon is poor, and silicon particles are easy to fall off from the carbon tube; and the silicon particles are attached to the surface of the carbon tube, part of the surface of the silicon tube is still exposed, and the volume change in the circulation process is not completely and effectively inhibited, so that the circulation stability of the battery cannot be improved.
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material that can be applied to a negative electrode of a high-capacity lithium ion battery to prepare the high-capacity lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material, which solves the problems of poor bonding force between the carbon nano tube and silicon, poor conductivity of the prepared material and poor cycle stability performance of the existing method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for preparing carbon nanotube/silicon composite material, take carbon nanotube that chemical vapor deposition method prepares as raw materials, regard silane coupling agent as dispersing agent, regard nanometer silica flour as the silicon phase precursor, adopt the mechanical stirring method, supersound composite method and high-temperature hydrogen reduction method to make carbon nanotube/silicon composite material, it includes the following steps:
s1, preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid: firstly, adding distilled water into a container, then slowly adding the silane coupling agent into the container, and stirring for 0.5h, wherein the mass ratio of the distilled water to the silane coupling agent is 10: 3.
And then adding the nano silicon powder into the container, stirring for 0.5h to obtain silicon powder dispersion, and keeping for later use.
The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the nano silicon powder is 3: 135-175. Furthermore, the particle size of the nano silicon powder is 60nm-120 nm.
Preferably, the silane coupling agent is KH 792.
S2, preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: adding distilled water into a container, adding the carbon nano tube, and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; the mass ratio of the distilled water to the carbon nano tube is 1: 25-45.
The mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the nano silicon powder is 1: 0.35-0.5. Preferably, the carbon nanotube is prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process.
S3, mixing and post-processing: and (4) adding the silicon powder dispersion liquid prepared in the step (S1) into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid prepared in the step (S2), mechanically stirring for 2 hours, ultrasonically stirring for 0.5 hour, transferring to an oven to be dried after complete reaction, taking out the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid after drying, putting the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a graphite crucible, putting the graphite crucible into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere. And obtaining the carbon nano tube/silicon composite material.
Further, the reduction reaction time is 2H, the set temperature is 600 ℃, the heating rate is 150 ℃/H, H2The flow rate was 200 ml/min.
The carbon nano tube/silicon composite material obtained by the invention can relieve the volume expansion of silicon, simultaneously compensates the defect of poor conductivity of the silicon, has large specific surface area, and has good circulation stability because the silicon in the carbon nano tube/silicon composite material is uniformly distributed on the carbon nano tube and is tightly contacted.
Through testing, some silicon/carbon nanotube composite materials prepared by the method are applied to a battery system for testing, and the steps and parameters are as follows: the process of standing for 30s, constant current discharging and constant current charging is carried out for 50 cycles, and after 50 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 89.2% at most, which shows that the problems of poor conductivity, poor cycle performance and the like of the material are effectively solved, and the method can be applied to high-capacity lithium ion power batteries.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. For example, the order of the steps described below is not intended to be exclusive or alterable, as long as it conforms to a normal logical order to enable the practice of the invention.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, slowly adding 30mg of silane coupling agent KH792 into the three-neck flask in three batches, stirring for 0.5h, then adding 1350mg of nano silicon powder with the particle size of 60nm-120nm into the three-neck flask, stirring for 0.5h to obtain silicon powder dispersion, and keeping for later use;
s2, preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: adding 150ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, adding 3750mg of carbon nano tubes, and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
s3, mixing and post-processing: adding the silicon powder dispersion liquid prepared in the step S1 into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid prepared in the step S2, mechanically stirring for 2 hours, ultrasonically stirring for 0.5 hour, and transferring into an oven to be dried after complete reaction; finally, the graphite crucible is placed into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, reduction treatment is carried out for 2H under the atmosphere of hydrogen, the set temperature is 600 ℃, the heating rate is 150 ℃/H, and H2The flow rate was 200ml/min, and 1.72g of the carbon nanotube/silicon composite material was finally obtained.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, slowly adding 30mg of silane coupling agent KH792 into the three-neck flask in three batches, stirring for 0.5h, adding 1500mg of nano silicon powder with the particle size of 60-120 nm into the three-neck flask, stirring for 0.5h to form silicon powder dispersion, and keeping for later use;
s2, preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, adding 3750mg of carbon nano tubes, and stirring for 0.5h to prepare a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
s3, mixing and post-processing: adding the silicon powder dispersion liquid prepared in the step S1 into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid prepared in the step S2, mechanically stirring for 2 hours, ultrasonically stirring for 0.5 hour, transferring to an oven to dry after complete reaction, finally filling the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a graphite crucible, putting the graphite crucible into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the temperature is set to be 600 ℃, the heating rate is 150 ℃/H, and H is set2The flow rate is 200ml/min), and 2.04g of the final carbon nano tube/silicon composite material can be obtained.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, slowly adding 30mg of silane coupling agent KH792 into the three-neck flask in three batches, stirring for 0.5h, adding 1500mg of nano silicon powder with the particle size of 60-120 nm into the three-neck flask, stirring for 0.5h to form silicon powder dispersion, and keeping for later use;
s2, preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, adding 4250mg of carbon nano tubes, and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
s3, mixing and post-processing: adding the silicon powder dispersion liquid prepared in the step S1 into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid prepared in the step S2, mechanically stirring for 2 hours, ultrasonically stirring for 0.5 hour, transferring to an oven to dry after complete reaction, finally filling the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a graphite crucible, putting the graphite crucible into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the temperature is set to be 600 ℃, the heating rate is 150 ℃/H, and H is set2The flow rate is 200ml/min, and 2.18g of the final carbon nano tube/silicon composite material can be obtained.
Example 4:
a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, slowly adding 30mg of silane coupling agent KH792 into the three-neck flask in three batches, stirring for 0.5h, then adding 1650mg of nano silicon powder with the particle size of 60nm-120nm into the three-neck flask, stirring for 0.5h to obtain silicon powder dispersion, and keeping for later use;
s2, preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, adding 3300mg of carbon nano tubes, and stirring for 0.5h to prepare a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
s3, mixing and post-processing: adding the silicon powder dispersion liquid prepared in the step S1 into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid prepared in the step S2, mechanically stirring for 2 hours, ultrasonically stirring for 0.5 hour, transferring into an oven to dry after complete reaction, and finally packagingPlacing into a graphite crucible, placing into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment for 2H in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the set temperature is 600 ℃, the heating rate is 150 ℃/H, and H is2The flow rate was 200ml/min, and 2.28g of the carbon nanotube/silicon composite material was finally obtained.
Example 5:
a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, slowly adding 35mg of silane coupling agent KH792 into the three-neck flask in three batches, stirring for 0.5h, adding 1750mg of nano silicon powder with the particle size of 60-120 nm into the three-neck flask, stirring for 0.5h to form silicon powder dispersion, and keeping for later use;
s2, preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, adding 3750mg of carbon nano tubes, and stirring for 0.5h to prepare a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
s3, mixing and post-processing: adding the silicon powder dispersion liquid prepared in the step S1 into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid prepared in the step S2, mechanically stirring for 2 hours, ultrasonically stirring for 0.5 hour, transferring to an oven to dry after complete reaction, finally filling the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a graphite crucible, putting the graphite crucible into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the temperature is set to be 600 ℃, the heating rate is 150 ℃/H, and H is set2The flow rate was 200ml/min, and 2.54g of the carbon nanotube/silicon composite material was finally obtained.
Example 6:
a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, slowly adding 35mg of silane coupling agent KH792 into the three-neck flask in three batches, stirring for 0.5h, adding 1750mg of nano silicon powder with the particle size of 60-120 nm into the three-neck flask, stirring for 0.5h to form silicon powder dispersion, and keeping for later use;
s2, preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: adding 100ml of distilled water into a 250ml three-neck flask with mechanical stirring, starting the mechanical stirring, adding 4500mg of carbon nano tubes, and stirring for 0.5h to prepare a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
s3, mixing and post-processing: adding the silicon powder dispersion liquid obtained in the step S1 into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid obtained in the step S2, mechanically stirring for 2 hours, ultrasonically stirring for 0.5 hour, transferring to an oven to dry after complete reaction, finally filling the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a graphite crucible, putting the graphite crucible into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the temperature is set to be 600 ℃, the heating rate is 150 ℃/H, and H is set2The flow rate was 200ml/min, and 2.76g of the carbon nanotube/silicon composite material was finally obtained.
In summary, the carbon nanotube/silicon composite materials of examples 1 to 6 were tested for initial specific discharge capacity, specific discharge capacity after 50 cycles, and capacity retention rate, and the following data were obtained.
TABLE 1 examples 1-6 data summary Table
Figure BDA0002838579850000071
From the above table, it can be known from the analysis of the battery test data that the volume effect of the nano silicon is effectively relieved through a series of reactions of the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and the nano silicon powder dispersion liquid, the agglomeration of the nano silicon is effectively inhibited, and the nano size effect of the nano silicon is shown, so that the carbon nanotube/silicon composite material for the lithium battery with higher capacity and better cycling stability is prepared.
The above embodiments are only examples of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions and their inventive concepts of the present invention are equivalent to or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a carbon nano tube/silicon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing silicon powder dispersion liquid: firstly, adding distilled water into a container, slowly adding a silane coupling agent into the container, stirring, adding nano silicon powder into the container, stirring to obtain silicon powder dispersion, and keeping for later use;
s2, preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: adding distilled water into a container, adding the carbon nano tube, and stirring to obtain a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
s3, mixing and post-processing: and (4) adding the silicon powder dispersion liquid prepared in the step (S1) into the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid prepared in the step (S2), stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely reacted, transferring the mixture into an oven for drying, taking the mixture out, placing the mixture into a graphite crucible, placing the graphite crucible into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and performing reduction treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon composite material.
2. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of distilled water to the silane coupling agent in step S1 was 10: 3.
3. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the distilled water to the carbon nanotubes in step S2 is 1: 25-45.
4. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the nano silicon powder is 3: 135-175.
5. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the nano silicon powder is 1: 0.35-0.5.
6. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the stirring is performed by first mechanically stirring for 2 hours and then ultrasonically stirring for 0.5 hour.
7. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the nano silicon powder is 60nm-120 nm.
8. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the reduction treatment time is 2H, the set temperature is 600 ℃, the heating rate is 150 ℃/H, H2The flow rate was 200 ml/min.
9. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube/silicon composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the silane coupling agent is KH 792.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN113871587B (en) * 2021-09-08 2022-12-09 北京科技大学 Preparation method of silicon @ carbon nanotube @ carbon composite negative electrode material of lithium ion battery

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Application publication date: 20210402