CN112592122A - Preparation method of frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete - Google Patents
Preparation method of frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN112592122A CN112592122A CN202011538207.6A CN202011538207A CN112592122A CN 112592122 A CN112592122 A CN 112592122A CN 202011538207 A CN202011538207 A CN 202011538207A CN 112592122 A CN112592122 A CN 112592122A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
- C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete, which comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a planting field, detecting acidity of soil, then, starting seed selection, after selecting high-quality seeds, performing treatments such as soaking, seed awakening and germination acceleration on the seeds, keeping the wettability of the seeds, facilitating the germination of the seeds, planting the litchi embryos in the soil with different acidity after the embryos of the litchi embryos are mature, simultaneously applying a base fertilizer to the dug planting holes before planting, and after planting, watering, fertilizing, trimming, treating the diseases and the like on seedlings to ensure the normal growth of the litchi. According to the preparation method of the antifreeze anti-cracking concrete, the litchi is planted on the lands with different acidity degrees, and the yields of the litchi can be compared, so that the best selenium-rich litchi planting land is selected, the yield of the selenium-rich litchi can be increased, and more benefits can be brought to planting personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete preparation, in particular to a preparation method of frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete.
Background
The road construction can not only bring convenience to our trip, but also bring increase to the economy of province and city along the way, and the road is of many kinds, according to dividing into national road, province road, country road, county road etc. according to the grade division of road, the road surface can roughly be divided into asphalt pavement and concrete cement road surface, and asphalt pavement and concrete cement road surface carry out the construction according to local soil property and weather, generally in comparatively cold place, concrete road surface is mostly adopted, concrete road surface is better than the frost resisting property of asphalt pavement, has higher bearing capacity.
Although the existing concrete construction methods, ingredients and additives are various, the frost resistance and crack resistance of the concrete are still deficient, the existing concrete frost resistance and crack resistance mainly depend on adding an air entraining agent, the compression strength of the concrete is easily influenced due to excessive addition of the air entraining agent, and the addition of a retarder can reduce the icing speed of water in the concrete, but the effect is not ideal, so that the frost resistance and crack resistance concrete preparation method is provided so as to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete, which aims to solve the problems that the existing concrete frost-resistant and crack-resistant in the background art mainly depends on adding an air entraining agent, the compression strength of the concrete is easily influenced due to excessive addition of the air entraining agent, and although the addition of a retarder can reduce the icing speed of water in the concrete, the effect is not ideal.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking appropriate amount of water, sand, broken stone, cement and external additive
Placing water, sand, gravel, cement and external additives into a field stirring tank;
step 2: mixing the raw materials, i.e. stirred in a stirred tank
Adding water, sand, gravel, cement and external additives into a stirring tank, and stirring for a proper amount of time;
and step 3: taking out the concrete, and testing slump
Using the slump cone to test the slump of the taken concrete;
and 4, step 4: carrying out secondary addition of external additives
Adding external additives reasonably and pertinently according to the numerical value of slump, pouring or adding cement for stirring after the slump is too large and is stopped for a period of time, and adding cement paste or water reducing agent for the slump is smaller;
and 5: construction of concrete
The construction of the concrete can be carried out by a greenhouse method;
step 6: maintenance of concrete
A heat storage method.
Preferably, the mass of the water in the step 1 is 150KG, the mass of the sand is 710KG, the mass of the gravel is 1110KG, the mass of the cement is 480KG (wherein the metering deviation of the cement, the mixed material, the water and the external additive is +/-2.0%, and the metering deviation of the sand and stone is +/-3.0%), the PH of the water is not less than 7, and the external additive is sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate, a naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, a rust inhibitor, a retarder, slag, an active mineral and high-calcium fly ash.
Preferably, the adding sequence of the water, the sand, the gravel, the cement and the external additive in the step 2 is that all the stones, the sand and 70 percent of mixed water are poured into a stirrer by a feeding hopper, the mixed raw materials are stirred for 15 seconds by a stirring tank to wet aggregate, all the concrete cement is subjected to shell forming and stirring for about 30 seconds, then 30 percent of mixed water is added, and then gelatinization and stirring is carried out for about 60 seconds, and if the temperature is lower than 4 ℃ and the temperature of the mixed water is already heated to 60 ℃, the aggregate temperature is heated to about 15 ℃; if the coarse aggregate is dry and has no freezing phenomenon, the fine aggregate is heated to about 40 ℃ only when the temperature of the mixing water is heated to 60 ℃; if no frozen particles or ice blocks exist in the aggregate, the aggregate does not need to be heated, and the concrete can reach the proper mixing temperature only by heating the mixing water. Although the sum of the mass of aggregate and cement in the concrete is much greater than the mass of the mix water, the specific heat capacity of the water is about five times that of the aggregate and cement. In the components of the concrete, the temperature of the heated water is not more than 60-80 ℃, and the phenomena of cement flash set, cement agglomeration and the like are easily caused by overhigh temperature of the mixing water. If the temperature of the mixing water exceeds 80 ℃, the direct contact between the cement and the hot mixing water must be avoided during mixing.
Preferably, the slump detection step for the sample in the step 3 is to prepare a slump bucket, and a commercially available conventional product can be obtained by adopting a trumpet-shaped slump bucket with the upper height, the lower height and the height of 100mm,200mm and 300mm respectively, filling concrete to be tested into the slump bucket three times, forcibly knocking the side wall after filling each time to ensure that the interior is compact and seamless, pulling out the slump bucket after filling the compact concrete, generating a natural slump phenomenon due to self-weight, and shearing the height of the highest point of the collapsed concrete by using a bucket height value, namely the slump, wherein the slump is 80 if the difference is 80.
Preferably, in the step 4, the secondary external additive is added, and sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate, naphthalene-based superplasticizer, rust inhibitor, retarder, active mineral and high-calcium fly ash are selectively added according to the degree of slump.
Preferably, in the step 4, high calcium fly ash is used to replace a certain amount of cement, the replacing amount of the high calcium fly ash should be kept between 15% and 20%, and should not be less than 10%, and the replacing amount specific gravity should be between 50% and 80%, and simultaneously, active minerals are added, the specific gravity of the active minerals (silica fume 2.29-2.26KG/m3, ultrafine fly ash 2.42KG/m3, and ultrafine slag 2.92KG/m3), the coefficient of the slag is generally between 0.78 and 1.35, and the mass coefficient is generally between 1.43 and 2.45.
Preferably, the average particle size of the ultrafine fly ash and the ultrafine slag in the step 4 is between 3 μm and 6 μm, and the particle size of the silica fume is 0.1 μm.
Preferably, in the greenhouse method in the step 5, the periphery of the cured concrete member or structure is built into a greenhouse by using heat insulation materials, and a radiator, a steam exhaust pipe or an electric heating furnace is arranged in the greenhouse to heat air in the greenhouse, so that the concrete is poured under the normal temperature condition.
Preferably, the heat storage method in step 6 is that the constructor takes appropriate heat preservation measures to store the hydration heat generated by the concrete and the heat obtained from the outside, such as heat preservation maintenance materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a preparation method of the frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete;
(1) by adding sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate, a naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, a rust inhibitor, a retarder, active minerals and high-calcium fly ash, the gas content in the concrete can be reduced, the gel state of the concrete is more stable, and meanwhile, the moisture in the concrete cannot be easily thawed, so that the phenomenon that the concrete is frozen is reduced when the concrete is poured after being stirred, and the frost resistance and crack resistance of the concrete are greatly improved;
(2) pour into the mixer through mixing water with whole stone, sand and 70%, use the agitator tank to mix 15 seconds after to the mixed raw materials mix, make the aggregate moist, make the shell stirring about 30 seconds to whole concrete cement again, then add 30% mix water and carry out gelatinization stirring about 60 seconds again and can make and reduce the influence of cement dust to the environment, also make the concrete can be stirred more abundant simultaneously, make water and the better stirring of raw materials.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This example provides a method for preparing frost and crack resistant concrete, which is described in detail below.
The water intake mass is 150KG, the sand mass is 710KG, the broken stone mass is 1110KG, the cement mass is 480KG respectively (wherein the measurement deviation of cement, mixed materials, water and external additives is +/-2.0%, and the measurement deviation of sandstone is +/-3.0%), the PH of water is not less than 7, and the external additives are sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate, naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, rust inhibitor, retarder, slag, active mineral and high-calcium fly ash;
then, adding water, sand, broken stone, cement and external additives in the order that all stones, sand and 70% of mixed water are poured into a stirrer by a feeding hopper, the mixed raw materials are stirred for 15 seconds by a stirring tank, the aggregate is wetted, all concrete cement is subjected to shell forming and stirring for about 30 seconds, then 30% of mixed water is added, and then gelatinization stirring is carried out for about 60 seconds, for example, when the temperature is lower than 4 ℃ and the temperature of the mixed water is heated to 60 ℃, the temperature of the aggregate is heated to about 15 ℃; if the coarse aggregate is dry and has no freezing phenomenon, the fine aggregate is heated to about 40 ℃ only when the temperature of the mixing water is heated to 60 ℃; if no frozen particles or ice blocks exist in the aggregate, the aggregate does not need to be heated, and the concrete can reach the proper mixing temperature only by heating the mixing water. Although the sum of the mass of aggregate and cement in the concrete is much greater than the mass of the mix water, the specific heat capacity of the water is about five times that of the aggregate and cement. In the components of the concrete, the temperature of the heated water is not more than 60-80 ℃, and the phenomena of cement flash set, cement agglomeration and the like are easily caused by overhigh temperature of the mixing water. If the temperature of the mixing water exceeds 80 ℃, the direct contact between the cement and the hot mixing water is avoided during mixing;
after concrete is stirred, a concrete sample is taken out, a slump bucket is prepared, the conventional products sold on the market can be prepared, generally, horn-shaped slump buckets with the upper height, the lower height and the height of 100mm,200mm and 300mm are adopted, the concrete to be tested is filled into the slump bucket for three times, the side wall is knocked with force after each time of loading, the inner part is compact and seamless, the collapse degree barrel is pulled out after the compact concrete is loaded, the natural collapse phenomenon of the inner concrete can be generated due to the dead weight, the height of the highest point of the collapsed concrete is cut by the barrel height value, i.e., slump, for example, a difference of 80, the concrete slump is 80, the slump is compared according to a ratio table, then sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate, a naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, a rust inhibitor, a retarder, active minerals and high-calcium fly ash are selectively added according to the degree of slump;
when the high-calcium fly ash is required to be used, the substitution amount of the high-calcium fly ash is kept between 15% and 20%, is not preferably less than 10%, and the substitution amount specific gravity is 50% to 80%, and meanwhile, the active minerals are added, wherein the specific gravities of the active minerals (silica fume 2.29-2.26KG/m3, ultrafine fly ash 2.42KG/m3 and ultrafine slag 2.92KG/m3), the coefficient of the slag is generally between 0.78 and 1.35, the mass coefficient is generally between 1.43 and 2.45, the average particle size of the ultrafine fly ash and the ultrafine slag is between 3 mu m and 6 mu m, and the particle size of the silica fume is 0.1 mu m;
and then repeating the steps to carry out a slump test until the slump of the concrete is proper, and then pouring the concrete by using a greenhouse method, wherein the greenhouse method is to build a greenhouse around the cured concrete member or structure by using heat insulation materials, arrange a radiator, a steam calandria or an electric heating furnace in the greenhouse to heat air in the greenhouse so that the concrete is poured under the normal temperature condition, then maintain the concrete by using a heat storage method, and constructors take proper heat insulation measures to store the hydration heat generated by the concrete and the heat obtained from the outside, such as heat insulation maintenance materials.
Example 2
The water intake mass is 150KG, the sand mass is 710KG, the broken stone mass is 1110KG, the cement mass is 480KG respectively (wherein the measurement deviation of cement, mixed materials, water and external additives is +/-2.0%, and the measurement deviation of sandstone is +/-3.0%), the PH of water is not less than 7, and the external additives are sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate, naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, rust inhibitor, retarder, slag, active mineral and high-calcium fly ash;
then, adding water, sand, broken stone, cement and external additives in the order that all stones, sand and 70% of mixed water are poured into a stirrer by a feeding hopper, the mixed raw materials are stirred for 15 seconds by a stirring tank, the aggregate is wetted, all concrete cement is subjected to shell forming and stirring for about 30 seconds, then 30% of mixed water is added, and then gelatinization stirring is carried out for about 60 seconds, for example, when the temperature is lower than 4 ℃ and the temperature of the mixed water is heated to 60 ℃, the temperature of the aggregate is heated to about 15 ℃; if the coarse aggregate is dry and has no freezing phenomenon, the fine aggregate is heated to about 40 ℃ only when the temperature of the mixing water is heated to 60 ℃; if no frozen particles or ice blocks exist in the aggregate, the aggregate does not need to be heated, and the concrete can reach the proper mixing temperature only by heating the mixing water. Although the sum of the mass of aggregate and cement in the concrete is much greater than the mass of the mix water, the specific heat capacity of the water is about five times that of the aggregate and cement. In the components of the concrete, the temperature of the heated water is not more than 60-80 ℃, and the phenomena of cement flash set, cement agglomeration and the like are easily caused by overhigh temperature of the mixing water. If the temperature of the mixing water exceeds 80 ℃, the direct contact between the cement and the hot mixing water is avoided during mixing;
after concrete is stirred, a concrete sample is taken out, a slump bucket is prepared, the conventional products sold on the market can be prepared, generally, horn-shaped slump buckets with the upper height, the lower height and the height of 100mm,200mm and 300mm are adopted, the concrete to be tested is filled into the slump bucket for three times, the side wall is knocked with force after each time of loading, the inner part is compact and seamless, the collapse degree barrel is pulled out after the compact concrete is loaded, the natural collapse phenomenon of the inner concrete can be generated due to the dead weight, the height of the highest point of the collapsed concrete is cut by the barrel height value, i.e., slump, for example, a difference of 80, the concrete slump is 80, the slump is compared according to a ratio table, then sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate, a naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, a rust inhibitor, a retarder, active minerals and high-calcium fly ash are selectively added according to the degree of slump;
when the high-calcium fly ash is required to be used, the substitution amount of the high-calcium fly ash is kept between 18% and 19%, is not smaller than 10%, and the substitution amount specific gravity is 40% to 90%, and simultaneously, the active minerals are added, and the specific gravities of the active minerals (2.29-2.26 KG/m3 of the silica fume and 2.42KG/m of the ultrafine fly ash are added32.92KG/m superfine slag3) The coefficient of slag is generally between 0.80 and 1.02, the mass coefficient is generally between 1.45 and 2.40, the average particle size of the ultrafine fly ash and the ultrafine slag is between 4 and 5 mu m, and the particle size of the silica fume is 0.1 mu m;
then repeating the above steps to perform slump tests until the slump of the concrete is proper, then pouring the concrete by using a greenhouse method, wherein the greenhouse method is to build a greenhouse around the cured concrete member or structure by using heat-insulating materials, arrange a radiator, a steam calandria or an electric heating furnace in the greenhouse to heat air in the greenhouse so that the concrete is poured under the normal temperature condition, then maintain the concrete by using a heat storage method, and constructors take proper heat-insulating measures to store the hydration heat generated by the concrete and the heat obtained from the outside, such as heat-insulating maintenance materials
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking appropriate amount of water, sand, broken stone, cement and external additive
Placing water, sand, gravel, cement and external additives into a field stirring tank;
step 2: mixing the raw materials, i.e. stirred in a stirred tank
Adding water, sand, gravel, cement and external additives into a stirring tank, and stirring for a proper amount of time;
and step 3: taking out the concrete, and testing slump
Using the slump cone to test the slump of the taken concrete;
and 4, step 4: carrying out secondary addition of external additives
Adding external additives reasonably and pertinently according to the numerical value of slump, pouring or adding cement for stirring after the slump is too large and is stopped for a period of time, and adding cement paste or water reducing agent for the slump is smaller;
and 5: construction of concrete
The construction of the concrete can be carried out by a greenhouse method;
step 6: maintenance of concrete
A heat storage method.
2. The method for preparing a frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass of the water in the step 1 is 150KG, the mass of the sand is 710KG, the mass of the gravel is 1110KG, the mass of the cement is 480KG respectively (wherein the measurement deviation of the cement, the mixed material, the water and the external additive is +/-2.0%, and the measurement deviation of the sand and stone is +/-3.0%), the PH of the water is not less than 7, and the external additive is sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate and naphthalene-based superplasticizer, rust inhibitor, retarder, slag, active mineral and high-calcium fly ash.
3. The method for preparing a frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the adding sequence of the water, the sand, the broken stone, the cement and the external additive in the step 2 is that all the stones, the sand and 70 percent of mixed water are poured into a stirrer by a feeding hopper, the mixed raw materials are stirred for 15 seconds by a stirring tank, the aggregate is wetted, all the concrete cement is subjected to shell forming and stirring for about 30 seconds, then 30 percent of mixed water is added, and then the gelatinization and stirring are carried out for about 60 seconds, and if the temperature is lower than 4 ℃ and the temperature of the mixed water is already heated to 60 ℃, the aggregate temperature is heated to about 15 ℃; if the coarse aggregate is dry and has no freezing phenomenon, the fine aggregate is heated to about 40 ℃ only when the temperature of the mixing water is heated to 60 ℃; if no frozen particles or ice blocks exist in the aggregate, the aggregate does not need to be heated, and the concrete can reach the proper mixing temperature only by heating the mixing water. Although the sum of the mass of aggregate and cement in the concrete is much greater than the mass of the mix water, the specific heat capacity of the water is about five times that of the aggregate and cement. In the components of the concrete, the temperature of the heated water is not more than 60-80 ℃, and the phenomena of cement flash set, cement agglomeration and the like are easily caused by overhigh temperature of the mixing water. If the temperature of the mixing water exceeds 80 ℃, the direct contact between the cement and the hot mixing water must be avoided during mixing.
4. The method for preparing a frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, a slump bucket is prepared in the slump detection step of the sample, and conventional products sold in the market can be generally adopted, wherein the upper height, the lower height and the height of the slump bucket are respectively 100mm,200mm and 300mm, concrete to be tested is loaded into the slump bucket in three times, the side wall is forcibly knocked after each loading to ensure that the interior is compact and seamless, the slump bucket is pulled out after the compact concrete is loaded, natural slump is generated in the interior concrete due to self-weight, the height of the highest point of the collapsed concrete is cut by using the bucket height value, namely the slump, for example, the difference is 80, and the slump of the concrete is 80.
5. The method for preparing a frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 4, adding a secondary external additive, and selectively adding sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium lignosulfonate, a naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, a rust inhibitor, a retarder, an active mineral and high-calcium fly ash according to the slump degree.
6. The method for preparing a frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4, a certain amount of cement is replaced by using the high-calcium fly ash, the replacing amount of the high-calcium fly ash is kept between 15% and 20%, is not less than 10%, and the specific gravity of the replacing amount is 50% to 80%, and meanwhile, the active mineral is added, and the specific gravity of the active mineral (2.29-2.26 KG/m silica fume) is increased32.42KG/m of ultrafine fly ash32.92KG/m superfine slag3) The slag coefficient is generally between 0.78 and 1.35, and the mass coefficient is generally between 1.43 and 2.45.
7. The method for preparing a frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4, the average particle size of the ultrafine fly ash and the ultrafine slag is between 3 and 6 microns, and the particle size of the silica fume is 0.1 micron.
8. The method for preparing a frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the greenhouse method in the step 5 is to build a greenhouse around the maintained concrete member or structure by using heat insulation materials, and arrange a radiator, a steam exhaust pipe or an electric heating furnace in the greenhouse to heat air in the greenhouse, so that the concrete is poured under the normal temperature condition.
9. The method for preparing a frost-resistant and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heat storage method in step 6 is that the constructor takes appropriate heat preservation measures to store the hydration heat generated by the concrete and the heat obtained from the outside, such as heat preservation maintenance materials.
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