CN112589140B - Special multi-step deep hole profile boring cutter and boring method - Google Patents

Special multi-step deep hole profile boring cutter and boring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112589140B
CN112589140B CN202011410159.2A CN202011410159A CN112589140B CN 112589140 B CN112589140 B CN 112589140B CN 202011410159 A CN202011410159 A CN 202011410159A CN 112589140 B CN112589140 B CN 112589140B
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section
cutter
hole
blade
boring
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CN112589140A (en
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胡开明
刘璐
赵健鹏
屈开禄
张德文
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Sichuan Aerospace Changzheng Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Sichuan Aerospace Changzheng Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/10—Cutting tools with special provision for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B41/02—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring deep holes; Trepanning, e.g. of gun or rifle barrels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

A multi-step deep hole profile special boring cutter comprises a cutter bar and a cutter blade, wherein the cutter bar comprises a front section, a middle section and a tail section, the cross-sectional dimensions of the front section, the middle section and the tail section are sequentially increased, the front section comprises a small end, a conical section and a large end which are sequentially connected from front to back, the cutter blade is arranged at the front end, lateral grooves are formed in one sides of the conical section and the large end, the cross-sectional shape of the middle section is elliptical, and spaces, corresponding to the short axis of the cross-sectional ellipse, in two sides of the middle section are communicated with the grooves in one sides of the conical section and the large end to serve as chip grooves; the tail section is used for being clamped and fixed with a cutter head outside the cutter. The special multi-step deep hole profile boring tool provided by the invention can be used for boring multi-step deep holes, the cross section area of the tool bar is largest in a static state, interference is not generated in a dynamic machining process, the rigidity of the tool is ensured, a certain chip containing space is also formed, the chip containing groove is used for chip removal, a reserved feed space is used for preventing interference between a machining process and a product, and the strength of the tool body is ensured to be largest in a structure.

Description

Special multi-step deep hole profile boring cutter and boring method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cutter design, and particularly relates to a deep hole boring cutter special for a multi-step deep hole profile.
Background
The complex shell part is a common part in the field of machinery manufacturing such as aerospace, equipment manufacturing and automobiles, and is characterized by having a complex structure and generally having a deep hole with a small aperture. Because the precision requirement is high, and the structure such as a step hole ring groove is generally arranged, deep hole machining becomes one of the machining processes with the greatest difficulty. The research and optimization of the processing method are relatively concerned by the industry.
In the deep hole machining process, due to the fact that the deep hole is semi-closed or fully closed, operators are difficult to master the actual cutting condition and the cutting effect of the cutter in the machining process, and particularly in the multi-step deep hole machining process, due to the fact that the existing tool is limited in length and low in performance, the in-hole machining quality of parts cannot be guaranteed.
Secondly, in the process of machining the multi-step deep hole, the traditional machining method is to sequentially machine the holes from coarse holes to fine holes, after one layer of coarse holes are machined, the fine cutter bar is replaced, and then the next layer of fine holes are machined.
Finally, the machining space in the deep part is narrow, so that the heat dissipation is difficult in the machining process. In addition, the cooling liquid is difficult to contact with the processing surface, the temperature is overhigh in the processing process, the durability of the cutter is reduced due to the continuously increased temperature, and the heat transmitted into the workpiece can cause the thermal deformation of the workpiece, thereby influencing the size and shape precision.
When the multi-step deep holes of some complex shells can be turned by inquiring the types of the cutters of various manufacturers without the existing boring cutters, an operator is required to manufacture a hand-grinding cutter for machining. Because the precision of the hand-grinding cutter is low, the hand-grinding cutter is easy to wear and tear, the cutter needs to be ground at any time, the cutter needs to be reset after the hand-grinding cutter is ground, and the procedure of the lathe is adjusted, so that the production efficiency of parts is reduced in the process.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention aims to provide a special multi-step deep hole profile boring cutter.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a multi-step deep hole profile special boring cutter comprises a cutter bar and a cutter blade, wherein the cutter bar comprises a front section, a middle section and a tail section, the cross-sectional dimensions of the front section, the middle section and the tail section are sequentially increased, the front section comprises a small end, a conical section and a large end which are sequentially connected from front to back, the cutter blade is arranged at the front end, lateral grooves are formed in one sides of the conical section and the large end, the cross-sectional shape of the middle section is elliptical, and spaces, corresponding to the short axis of the cross-sectional ellipse, in two sides of the middle section are communicated with the grooves in one sides of the conical section and the large end to serve as chip grooves; the tail section is used for being clamped and fixed with a cutter head outside the cutter.
The invention also provides a method for multi-step deep hole profile boring of a workpiece by using the tool, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, clamping and fixing a cutter with a cutter head on a lathe through a tail section;
step 2, mounting the workpiece on a chuck of a lathe, wherein a pre-processed pre-hole is formed in the position of a hole position of the multi-step deep hole to be processed on the workpiece, starting the lathe, driving the workpiece to rotate by the chuck, driving a boring cutter to approach the workpiece by a cutter head, and removing the allowance of the inner wall of the pre-hole by a cutting edge of a blade so as to obtain the multi-step deep hole; in the boring process, firstly, the distance between a blade and the midpoint of a pre-hole is matched with the cross-sectional radius of a tail section, the blade is used for processing a tail hole with the diameter matched with the size of the tail section on a workpiece, then, the distance between the blade and the midpoint of the pre-hole is matched with the long axis of a middle-section cross-sectional ellipse, the blade is used for processing a middle hole with the diameter matched with the size of the long axis of the middle-section cross-sectional ellipse on the workpiece, then, the distance between the blade and the midpoint of the pre-hole is matched with the large end radius of the front section, the blade is used for processing a large end hole with the diameter matched with the size of the large end on the workpiece, then, the distance between the blade and the midpoint of the pre-hole is reduced along with the change rule of a bus of a conical section, the blade is used for processing a conical hole with the shape matched with the conical section on the workpiece, finally, the distance between the blade and the midpoint of the pre-hole is matched with the cross-sectional radius of the small end, and the blade is used for processing a small end hole with the shape matched with the small end on the workpiece; during this time, the shavings are expelled through the flutes.
Specifically, the lateral part of the tail section is provided with a plane for clamping and fixing with a cutter head.
Specifically, the blade is mounted to the small end of the front section by a screw. .
The boring tool comprises a tool bar, and is characterized by further comprising an inner cooling hole, wherein the inner cooling hole penetrates through the tool bar from the rear end of the tool bar and is communicated with a chip groove, cooling water is introduced from the inner cooling hole at the rear end of the tool bar in the boring process, the front end of the tool bar is cooled, and chips are punched out at the same time, so that the cutting efficiency is improved, the durability of the tool is improved, the cross-sectional area of the tool bar is increased by fully utilizing the inner space of the hole, the rigidity of the boring tool is enhanced, and the processing quality and the processing precision are guaranteed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the special boring cutter for the multi-step deep hole molded surface can bore multi-step deep holes, the cross section area of the cutter bar is largest in a static state, interference is not generated in a dynamic machining process, a certain chip containing space is reserved while the rigidity of the cutter is ensured, the chip containing groove is used for chip removal, a cutter feeding space is reserved, interference between the machining process and a product is prevented, and the strength of the cutter body is ensured to be maximum structurally. The automatic tool sharpener is used for replacing a hand to sharpen a knife, so that the time for sharpening the knife, changing the knife and setting the knife is saved, and the production efficiency of parts is improved; the inner hole of the processed part is smooth and flat, the roughness requirement required by a drawing can be met, and meanwhile, the production efficiency is improved by 30-50 times. And the processing cost is reduced by 80 percent compared with the hand sharpening.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-step deep hole profile special boring tool in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a side view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a process;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the workpiece after machining;
wherein, 1 is the tip, 2 is the taper section, 3 is the main aspects, 4 is the middle section, 5 is the tail section, 6 is the blade, 7 is the chip groove, 8 is the interior cold bore, 9 is the work piece.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment provides a multi-step deep hole profile special boring cutter, which includes a cutter bar, a blade 6 and an internal cooling hole 8, wherein the cutter bar includes a front section, a middle section 4 and a tail section 5, the cross-sectional dimensions of which are sequentially increased, the front section includes a small end 1, a conical section 2 and a large end 3, which are sequentially connected from front to back, the blade 6 is mounted at the small end 1 through a screw, one side of the conical section 2 and one side of the large end 3 are provided with a lateral groove, the cross-sectional shape of the middle section 4 is elliptical, spaces corresponding to the short axis of the cross-sectional ellipse at two sides of the middle section 4 are communicated with the grooves at one sides of the conical section 2 and the large end 3 to serve as chip pockets 7, and the internal cooling hole 8 is communicated with the chip pockets 7 after passing through the cutter bar from the rear end of the cutter bar; the side of the tail section 5 is provided with a plane for clamping and fixing with a cutter head.
The method for boring the multi-step deep hole profile of the workpiece by using the cutter comprises the following steps:
step 1, clamping and fixing a cutter with a cutter head on a lathe through a tail section 5;
step 2, a workpiece 9 is arranged on a chuck of a lathe, a pre-processed pre-hole is arranged at a hole position of a multi-step deep hole to be processed on the workpiece 9, the lathe is started, the chuck drives the workpiece 9 to rotate, a boring cutter is driven by a cutter head to approach the workpiece 9, as shown in figure 3, the cutting edge of a blade removes the allowance of the inner wall of the pre-hole, so that the multi-step deep hole shown in figure 4 is obtained, in the boring process, firstly, the distance between the cutting edge of the blade 6 and the midpoint of the pre-hole is matched with the cross-section radius of the tail section 5, the blade 6 processes a tail hole with the diameter matched with the size of the tail section 5 on the workpiece 9, then, the distance between the cutting edge of the blade 6 and the midpoint of the pre-hole is matched with the long axis of the cross-section ellipse of the middle section 4, a blade 6 processes a middle hole with the diameter matched with the size of a long shaft of a cross ellipse of a middle section 4 on a workpiece 9, then the distance between a cutting edge of the blade 6 and the midpoint of a pre-hole is matched with the radius of a large end 3, the blade 6 processes a large end hole with the diameter matched with the size of the large end 3 on the workpiece 9, then the distance between the cutting edge of the blade 6 and the midpoint of the pre-hole is reduced along with the change rule of a bus of a conical section 2, the blade 6 processes a conical hole with the shape matched with the conical section 2 on the workpiece 9, finally the distance between the cutting edge of the blade 6 and the midpoint of the pre-hole is matched with the cross-section radius of a small end 1, and the blade 6 processes a small end hole with the shape of the small end 1 on the workpiece 9; during the period, the chips which are bored enter a chip groove, cooling water is introduced from an inner cooling hole 8 at the rear end of the cutter rod to cool the front end of the cutter rod, and the chips are washed out at the same time.
The above examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A multi-step deep hole profile special boring cutter is characterized by comprising a cutter bar and a cutter blade, wherein the cutter bar comprises a front section, a middle section and a tail section, the cross section of the front section is sequentially increased, the front section comprises a small end, a conical section and a large end, the small end, the conical section and the large end are sequentially connected from front to back, the cutter blade is installed at the front end, lateral grooves are formed in one sides of the conical section and the large end, the cross section of the middle section is elliptical, and spaces, corresponding to the short axis of the cross section ellipse, in two sides of the middle section are communicated with the grooves in one sides of the conical section and the large end to serve as chip grooves; the tail section is used for clamping and fixing a cutter head outside the cutter;
the method for boring the multi-step deep hole profile by using the cutter comprises the following steps:
step 1, clamping and fixing a cutter with a cutter head on a lathe through a tail section;
step 2, mounting the workpiece on a chuck of a lathe, wherein a pre-processed pre-hole is formed in the position of a hole position of the multi-step deep hole to be processed on the workpiece, starting the lathe, driving the workpiece to rotate by the chuck, driving a boring cutter to approach the workpiece by a cutter head, and removing the allowance of the inner wall of the pre-hole by a cutting edge of a blade so as to obtain the multi-step deep hole; in the boring process, firstly, the distance between a blade on a boring cutter is matched with the cross-sectional radius of a tail section, the blade processes a tail hole with the diameter matched with the size of the tail section on a workpiece, then, the distance between the blade and the midpoint of a pre-hole is matched with the long axis of a middle-section cross-sectional ellipse, the blade processes a middle hole with the diameter matched with the size of the long axis of the middle-section cross-sectional ellipse on the workpiece, then, the distance between the blade and the midpoint of the pre-hole is matched with the large-end radius of a front section, the blade processes a large-end hole with the diameter matched with the size of the large end on the workpiece, then, the distance between the blade and the midpoint of the pre-hole is decreased along with the change rule of a bus of a cone section, the blade processes a cone hole with the shape matched with the cone section on the workpiece, finally, the distance between the blade and the midpoint of the pre-hole is matched with the cross-sectional radius of the small end, and the blade processes a small-end hole with the shape of the small end on the workpiece; during this time, the shavings are expelled through the flutes.
2. The special multi-step deep hole profile boring tool as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an internal cooling hole, wherein the internal cooling hole passes through the tool bar from the rear end of the tool bar and is communicated with the chip pocket.
3. The special multi-step deep hole profile boring tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plane is provided at a side of the tail section for clamping and fixing with a cutter head.
4. The special multi-step deep hole profile boring tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blade is mounted to the small end of the front section by a screw.
CN202011410159.2A 2020-12-03 2020-12-03 Special multi-step deep hole profile boring cutter and boring method Active CN112589140B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113996829A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-02-01 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 Large-aperture machining method for diesel engine cylinder cover with multiple straight holes and conical holes

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