CN112588299A - Method for treating polluted air based on composite catalyst - Google Patents
Method for treating polluted air based on composite catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN112588299A CN112588299A CN202011598141.XA CN202011598141A CN112588299A CN 112588299 A CN112588299 A CN 112588299A CN 202011598141 A CN202011598141 A CN 202011598141A CN 112588299 A CN112588299 A CN 112588299A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- SKEYZPJKRDZMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium copper Chemical compound [Cu].[Ce] SKEYZPJKRDZMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009982 effect on human Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/8687—Organic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/343—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of ultrasonic wave energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technology of environmental pollution treatment, and discloses a method for treating polluted air based on a composite catalyst, which comprises the steps of enabling the polluted air to flow through the composite catalyst to finish the treatment of air pollution; the preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the steps of dispersing copper sulfate pentahydrate in ethanol, refluxing and stirring, then reacting for 48 hours at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, filtering reaction liquid, drying a filter cake and calcining to obtain a calcined substance; mixing the calcined substance, cerous nitrate hexahydrate and ethanolamine with ethanol and water, carrying out reflux reaction, then filtering reaction liquid, drying a filter cake to obtain a dried substance, soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, then aging, and then roasting to obtain a composite catalyst, so as to obtain the catalyst taking platinum as an active component, wherein the catalyst is used for formaldehyde purification and has high elimination rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental treatment, relates to an air purification material technology, and particularly relates to a method for treating polluted air based on a composite catalyst.
Background
According to the requirements of national indoor air quality standard, the indoor air humidity standard is 30-60% in winter, the environment with the humidity index of 50-60% is most comfortable, and the indoor temperature is not higher than 24 ℃; air humidity refers to the degree to which air is moist. The relative humidity is generally expressed. The relative humidity is the percentage value of the actual water vapor density contained in the air and the saturated water vapor density at the same temperature. Formaldehyde is a conventional pollutant in modern life, which affects the air quality, and many people like to put some plants indoors when removing formaldehyde, and the plants are considered to have very good formaldehyde purifying effect, but the formaldehyde removing effect of the plants is very weak and can only be used as an auxiliary method; many people feel that formaldehyde is not available as long as the peculiar smell does not exist in the home, but in fact, the cognition is wrong, because the formaldehyde is peculiar and is only strong in irritation, so that the formaldehyde cannot be distinguished in a mode of peculiar smell; the active carbon material has a great number of people who remove aldehyde, because of the strong formaldehyde adsorption effect, but the active carbon material only can adsorb formaldehyde, and formaldehyde cannot be treated in a decomposition mode, so the active carbon material is very easy to saturate and lose efficacy; the prior art discloses a catalyst for eliminating formaldehyde in air by low-temperature catalytic oxidation, which contains manganese oxide, noble metal platinum, and auxiliary rare earth oxide, alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide, has high catalytic oxidation activity on formaldehyde, and can completely oxidize the formaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water at room temperature. Although most of the purification materials prepared by the prior art can adsorb and degrade part of indoor pollution gas, the preparation method needs to be simplified, and the removal effect needs to be improved. Therefore, it is very important to develop a purification material that can purify VOCs in a high humidity environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of developing a novel catalyst for removing toluene, and has the technical effects of low temperature and high efficiency. The catalyst prepared by the invention has good low-temperature activity and removal efficiency at room temperature and ambient humidity, and can completely convert formaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water. The invention has simple preparation process, easy operation and low content of noble metal, does not need additional energy devices such as additional wind, light, heat, electricity and the like, and is suitable for purifying the formaldehyde harmful gas in the indoor air.
In order to solve the technical problem, the solution of the invention is as follows:
according to the method for treating the polluted air based on the composite catalyst, the polluted air flows through the composite catalyst, and the treatment of air pollution is completed; the preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps of dispersing blue vitriod in ethanol, refluxing and stirring, then reacting for 48 hours at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, then filtering reaction liquid, drying and calcining a filter cake to obtain a calcined substance; mixing the calcined substance, cerous nitrate hexahydrate and ethanolamine with ethanol and water, carrying out reflux reaction, then filtering reaction liquid, drying a filter cake to obtain a dried substance, soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, then aging, and then roasting to obtain the composite catalyst. The catalyst material can well adsorb and decompose formaldehyde, is stable and effective for a long time, and is very environment-friendly and safe.
The method takes copper sulfate pentahydrate and cerium nitrate hexahydrate as metal sources to prepare the bimetallic carrier, and then loads the active component platinum to obtain the composite catalyst, other metals or precious metal raw materials are not needed, the preparation method is simple, the weight percentage of platinum in the composite catalyst is 0.1-1%, and the composite catalyst is applied to air pollution treatment, especially formaldehyde pollution treatment, and has the technical effects of low temperature and high efficiency.
In the invention, the time of reflux stirring is 50-70 minutes; drying for 1-3 h at 60-70 ℃; the calcining temperature is 750-800 ℃, the time is 15-25 minutes, and the heating rate is 10 ℃/min; the time of the reflux reaction is 4-6 hours; the ultrasonic treatment time is 80-100 minutes; the aging time is 10-20 hours; roasting at the temperature of 450-550 ℃ for 150-200 minutes; the weight ratio of the calcined substance to the cerous nitrate hexahydrate to the ethanolamine is 1: 1.5-2: 0.5.
According to actual needs, the prepared composite catalyst powder is loaded on the wall surface of a honeycomb ceramic body or a screen structure or an open-cell foam body made of metal, or the composite catalyst is made into a spherical shape or a plate shape; then the catalyst can play a role in purification at low temperature after being placed in a polluted gas atmosphere.
The preparation method of the composite catalyst provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
dispersing blue vitriol in ethanol, refluxing and stirring for 1h, then reacting for 48h at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering reaction liquid, washing a filter cake twice by using ethanol, drying for 2h at 70 ℃, then heating to 800 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a muffle furnace in air, keeping for 20min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a calcined substance; mixing the calcined substance, cerous nitrate hexahydrate and ethanolamine with ethanol and water, carrying out reflux reaction for 5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering reaction liquid, washing a filter cake twice with ethanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a dried substance; and (3) soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid at room temperature, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 90 minutes, aging for 15 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under an air condition, and roasting at 500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the composite catalyst.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation process of the catalyst is simple, the operation is convenient, the preparation process is safe and controllable, and no pollutant is generated; the catalyst has small dosage, is suitable for purifying and eliminating indoor formaldehyde with different types and different concentrations, does not need a specific light source or a specific device, can work at a lower temperature, and saves energy; in the catalyst, active platinum is uniformly loaded on the copper-cerium composite material. Therefore, the catalyst has excellent stability and purification performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below.
The method comprises the steps of dispersing copper sulfate pentahydrate in ethanol, refluxing and stirring for 1h, then reacting for 48h at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering reaction liquid, washing a filter cake twice by using ethanol, drying for 2h at 70 ℃, then heating to 800 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in air in a muffle furnace, keeping for 20min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a calcined substance; mixing the calcined substance, cerous nitrate hexahydrate and ethanolamine with ethanol and water, carrying out reflux reaction for 5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering reaction liquid, washing a filter cake twice with ethanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a dried substance; and (3) soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid at room temperature, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 90 minutes, aging for 15 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under an air condition, and roasting at 500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the composite catalyst. The preparation method of the invention does not need other steps; before the catalyst is used, the open-cell foam body can be used as a structural carrier of the catalyst by being made into various structures according to actual needs, such as being supported on the wall surface of a honeycomb ceramic body or a screen structure made of metal. The catalyst may be used in the form of spheres or plates. After the catalyst is placed in a gas atmosphere containing VOCs, the catalyst is properly heated, the catalyst can react with the VOCs at low temperature to play a role in purification, and the conversion rate can reach 100%.
All the raw materials are commercial products, and the specific preparation operation and the test method are conventional methods in the field; to better illustrate the present invention and facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, typical single non-limiting examples of the present invention are as follows (consistent with the examples and comparative proportions of the invention application filed by the applicant on the same day under the name of composite catalyst for air purification and preparation method thereof):
example 1
Dispersing 1.5g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CAS number: 7758-99-8) in 500mL of ethanol, refluxing and stirring for 1h, then reacting for 48h at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice with ethanol, drying for 2h at 70 ℃, then heating to 800 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a muffle furnace in air, keeping for 20min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a calcined substance; mixing 0.1g of calcined substance, 0.18g of cerous nitrate hexahydrate (CAS number: 10294-41-4), 0.05g of ethanolamine, 15mL of ethanol and 15mL of water, refluxing for 5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice by using ethanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a dried substance; soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid at room temperature, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50kHz for 90 minutes, standing and aging for 15 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution at 80 ℃, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under the air condition, roasting for 3 hours at 500 ℃, and raising the temperature at a rate of 30 ℃/min to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the loading amount of platinum is 0.5wt%, and the platinum is uniformly loaded on the copper-cerium bimetallic carrier according to a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope picture.
Taking 0.1g of the catalyst (grinding the catalyst and then sieving the ground catalyst by a 60-mesh sieve), placing the catalyst in a tubular fixed bed reactor for a conventional experiment without reduction treatment, wherein the experimental conditions are as follows: 21% of oxygen, 79% of nitrogen and 400 ppm of formaldehyde; the relative humidity is 50%, the reaction space velocity (GHSV) is 60000 mL/(gh), the reaction temperature is room temperature, the elimination rate after 2 hours of reaction is 92%, and the elimination rate after 3.5 hours of reaction is 100%; after seven days of continuous reaction, the elimination rate of formaldehyde is 100%.
Example 2
Dispersing 1.5g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CAS number: 7758-99-8) in 500mL of ethanol, refluxing and stirring for 50 minutes, then reacting for 48 hours at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice with ethanol, drying for 2 hours at 70 ℃, then heating to 800 ℃ from room temperature in a muffle furnace in air at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping for 25 minutes, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a calcined substance; mixing 0.1g of calcined substance, 0.18g of cerous nitrate hexahydrate (CAS number: 10294-41-4), 0.05g of ethanolamine, 15mL of ethanol and 15mL of water, refluxing for 5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice by using ethanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a dried substance; soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid at room temperature, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50kHz for 90 minutes, standing and aging for 15 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution at 80 ℃, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under the air condition, roasting for 3 hours at 500 ℃, and raising the temperature at a rate of 30 ℃/min to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the loading amount of platinum is 0.5wt%, and the platinum is uniformly loaded on the copper-cerium bimetallic carrier according to a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope picture.
Taking 0.1g of the catalyst (grinding the catalyst and then sieving the ground catalyst by a 60-mesh sieve), placing the catalyst in a tubular fixed bed reactor for a conventional experiment without reduction treatment, wherein the experimental conditions are as follows: 21% of oxygen, 79% of nitrogen and 400 ppm of formaldehyde; the relative humidity is 50%, the reaction space velocity (GHSV) is 60000 mL/(gh), the reaction temperature is room temperature, and the elimination rate after 2 hours of reaction is 88%.
Example 3
Dispersing 1.5g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CAS number: 7758-99-8) in 500mL of ethanol, refluxing and stirring for 1h, then reacting for 48h at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice with ethanol, drying for 3h at 60 ℃, then raising the temperature from room temperature to 750 ℃ in a muffle furnace in air at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping for 25min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a calcined substance; mixing 0.1g of calcined substance, 0.18g of cerous nitrate hexahydrate (CAS number: 10294-41-4), 0.05g of ethanolamine, 15mL of ethanol and 15mL of water, refluxing for 5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice by using ethanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a dried substance; soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid at room temperature, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50kHz for 90 minutes, standing and aging for 15 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution at 80 ℃, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under the air condition, roasting for 3 hours at 500 ℃, and raising the temperature at a rate of 30 ℃/min to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the loading amount of platinum is 0.5wt%, and the platinum is uniformly loaded on the copper-cerium bimetallic carrier according to a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope picture.
Taking 0.1g of the catalyst (grinding the catalyst and then sieving the ground catalyst by a 60-mesh sieve), placing the catalyst in a tubular fixed bed reactor for a conventional experiment without reduction treatment, wherein the experimental conditions are as follows: 21% of oxygen, 79% of nitrogen and 400 ppm of formaldehyde; the relative humidity is 50%, the reaction space velocity (GHSV) is 60000 mL/(gh), the reaction temperature is room temperature, and the elimination rate after 2 hours of reaction is 90%.
Example 4
Dispersing 1.5g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CAS number: 7758-99-8) in 500mL of ethanol, refluxing and stirring for 1h, then reacting for 48h at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice with ethanol, drying for 2h at 70 ℃, then heating to 800 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a muffle furnace in air, keeping for 20min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a calcined substance; mixing 0.1g of calcined substance, 0.15g of cerous nitrate hexahydrate (CAS number: 10294-41-4), 0.05g of ethanolamine, 15mL of ethanol and 15mL of water, refluxing for 5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice by using ethanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a dried substance; soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid at room temperature, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 60kHz for 90 minutes, standing and aging for 15 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution at 80 ℃, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under the air condition, roasting for 3 hours at 500 ℃, and raising the temperature at a rate of 30 ℃/min to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the loading amount of platinum is 0.5wt%, and the platinum is uniformly loaded on the copper-cerium bimetallic carrier according to a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope picture.
Taking 0.1g of the catalyst (grinding the catalyst and then sieving the ground catalyst by a 60-mesh sieve), placing the catalyst in a tubular fixed bed reactor for a conventional experiment without reduction treatment, wherein the experimental conditions are as follows: 21% of oxygen, 79% of nitrogen and 400 ppm of formaldehyde; the relative humidity is 50%, the reaction space velocity (GHSV) is 60000 mL/(gh), the reaction temperature is room temperature, and the elimination rate after 2 hours of reaction is 84%.
Example 5
Dispersing 1.5g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CAS number: 7758-99-8) in 500mL of ethanol, refluxing and stirring for 1h, then reacting for 48h at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice with ethanol, drying for 2h at 70 ℃, then heating to 800 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a muffle furnace in air, keeping for 20min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a calcined substance; mixing 0.1g of calcined substance, 0.2g of cerous nitrate hexahydrate (CAS number: 10294-41-4), 0.05g of ethanolamine, 15mL of ethanol and 15mL of water, refluxing for 6 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice by using ethanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a dried substance; soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid at room temperature, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50kHz for 90 minutes, standing and aging for 15 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution at 80 ℃, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under the air condition, roasting for 3 hours at 500 ℃, and raising the temperature at a rate of 30 ℃/min to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the loading amount of platinum is 0.5wt%, and the platinum is uniformly loaded on the copper-cerium bimetallic carrier according to a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope picture.
Taking 0.1g of the catalyst (grinding the catalyst and then sieving the ground catalyst by a 60-mesh sieve), placing the catalyst in a tubular fixed bed reactor for a conventional experiment without reduction treatment, wherein the experimental conditions are as follows: 21% of oxygen, 79% of nitrogen and 400 ppm of formaldehyde; the relative humidity is 50%, the reaction space velocity (GHSV) is 60000 mL/(gh), the reaction temperature is room temperature, and the elimination rate after 2 hours of reaction is 87%.
Example 6
Dispersing 1.5g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CAS number: 7758-99-8) in 500mL of ethanol, refluxing and stirring for 1h, then reacting for 48h at 130 ℃ in a high-pressure reaction kettle, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice with ethanol, drying for 2h at 70 ℃, then heating to 800 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a muffle furnace in air, keeping for 20min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a calcined substance; mixing 0.1g of calcined substance, 0.18g of cerous nitrate hexahydrate (CAS number: 10294-41-4), 0.05g of ethanolamine, 15mL of ethanol and 15mL of water, refluxing for 5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake twice by using ethanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a dried substance; soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid at room temperature, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50kHz for 90 minutes, standing and aging for 16 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution at 80 ℃, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under the air condition, roasting at 550 ℃ for 150 minutes at the heating rate of 30 ℃/min to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the loading amount of platinum is 0.5wt%, and the platinum is uniformly loaded on the copper-cerium bimetallic carrier according to a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope.
Taking 0.1g of the catalyst (grinding the catalyst and then sieving the ground catalyst by a 60-mesh sieve), placing the catalyst in a tubular fixed bed reactor for a conventional experiment without reduction treatment, wherein the experimental conditions are as follows: 21% of oxygen, 79% of nitrogen and 400 ppm of formaldehyde; the relative humidity is 50%, the reaction space velocity (GHSV) is 60000 mL/(gh), the reaction temperature is room temperature, and the elimination rate after 2 hours of reaction is 85%.
The following comparative catalysts were obtained by performing a one-way change on the basis of example 1, and the same formaldehyde elimination experiment was performed.
Comparative example 1
The cerous nitrate hexahydrate is replaced by cobaltous sulfate heptahydrate (CAS number 10026-24-1), the rest is unchanged, the composite catalyst is obtained, and the formaldehyde elimination rate after 2 hours of reaction is 69%.
Comparative example 2
Omitting ethanolamine, and keeping the rest unchanged to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the formaldehyde elimination rate after reacting for 2 hours is 57%.
Comparative example 3
And (3) replacing the reflux reaction for 5 hours with the reflux reaction for 10 hours, and keeping the rest of the reflux reaction unchanged to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the formaldehyde elimination rate after the reaction for 2 hours is 79 percent.
Comparative example 4
The calcination at 500 ℃ for 3 hours is replaced by the calcination at 400 ℃ for 5 hours, and the rest is not changed to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the formaldehyde elimination rate after the reaction for 2 hours is 76%.
Comparative example 5
Dipping the calcined substance into an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 90 minutes at 50kHz, standing and aging for 15 hours, evaporating the water in the mixed solution at 80 ℃, transferring the mixed solution into a muffle furnace under the air condition, roasting for 3 hours at 500 ℃, and raising the temperature at a rate of 30 ℃/min to obtain the composite catalyst, wherein the loading capacity of platinum is 0.5wt%, and the formaldehyde elimination rate after 2 hours of reaction is 48%.
The catalyst can efficiently, stably and thoroughly remove formaldehyde in air in a real environment with room temperature and normal humidity, has no adverse side effect on human bodies, and can be widely applied to preparation of various formaldehyde-removing air purifiers. The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the detailed composition of the catalyst, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed composition, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must rely on the above detailed composition to be carried out. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent replacement of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for treating the polluted air based on the composite catalyst is characterized in that the preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps of dispersing blue vitriol in ethanol, refluxing and stirring, then reacting in a high-pressure reaction kettle for 48 hours at 130 ℃, then filtering reaction liquid, drying a filter cake and calcining to obtain a calcined substance; mixing the calcined substance, cerous nitrate hexahydrate and ethanolamine with ethanol and water, carrying out reflux reaction, then filtering reaction liquid, drying a filter cake to obtain a dried substance, soaking the dried substance in an aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, then aging, and then roasting to obtain the composite catalyst.
2. The method for treating polluted air based on the composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for reflux stirring is 50-70 minutes; the drying is carried out for 1-3 h at the temperature of 60-70 ℃.
3. The method for treating polluted air based on the composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature is 750-800 ℃, the calcination time is 15-25 minutes, and the temperature rise rate is 10 ℃/min.
4. The method for treating polluted air based on the composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time of the reflux reaction is 4-6 hours.
5. The method for treating polluted air based on the composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time of ultrasonic treatment is 80-100 minutes; the aging time is 10-20 hours; the roasting temperature is 450-550 ℃, and the roasting time is 150-200 minutes.
6. The method for treating polluted air based on composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polluted air is treated by passing the polluted air through the composite catalyst at room temperature.
7. The method for treating polluted air based on the composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the calcined substance to the cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the ethanolamine is 1: 1.5-2: 0.5.
8. The method for treating polluted air based on composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight percentage of platinum in the composite catalyst is 0.1-1%.
9. The method for treating polluted air based on composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction space velocity when the polluted air is passed through the composite catalyst is 60000 mL/(gh).
10. The method for treating polluted air based on composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollution is formaldehyde pollution.
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