CN112582651A - Fuel cell system insulation detection method and fuel cell stack cooling system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system insulation detection method and fuel cell stack cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H01M8/04649—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell system insulation detection method and a fuel cell stack cooling system; the detection method comprises the following steps: firstly, measuring to obtain TDS of cooling water of a fuel cell stack cooling system, then fitting a TDS and conductivity curve of the cooling water of the fuel cell stack, then obtaining the conductivity of the cooling water of the fuel cell stack, then obtaining the scale resistivity on the cooling water of the fuel cell stack, then obtaining the scale resistivity under the cooling water of the fuel cell stack, and finally obtaining the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system; according to the scheme provided by the invention, the risk of the insulation fault is early warned in advance by monitoring the ion concentration of the fuel cell system, and the insulation resistance fault source is timely positioned when the insulation fault occurs, so that the safety performance of the fuel cell automobile can be improved, and the risk is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell system insulation detection, and particularly relates to a fuel cell system insulation detection method and a fuel cell stack cooling system.
Background
A fuel cell vehicle is a kind of electric vehicle, and the energy of the battery is generated by the chemical action of hydrogen and oxygen, rather than being directly converted into electric energy through combustion. The chemical reaction process of the fuel cell does not produce harmful products, so the fuel cell vehicle is a pollution-free vehicle, and the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is 2-3 times higher than that of an internal combustion engine, so the fuel cell vehicle is an ideal vehicle in the aspects of energy utilization and environmental protection.
The existing domestic fuel cell automobile mainly adopts an electric-electric hybrid technical route, namely an energy storage battery unit and a fuel cell system are connected in parallel to provide a power source for the automobile; the insulation monitoring work of the fuel cell automobile is mainly completed by the energy storage battery unit, the fuel cell system mainly obtains the insulation resistance value through the CAN bus, and when the insulation resistance in the fuel cell automobile breaks down, the existing fuel cell automobile cannot locate the insulation resistance fault source, so that the safety performance of the existing fuel cell automobile is lower, and the risk is higher.
Based on the technical problem of the insulation detection of the fuel cell system in the fuel cell automobile, no relevant solution is provided; there is therefore a pressing need to find effective solutions to the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell system insulation detection method and a fuel cell stack cooling system aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art and aims to solve the problem of the existing fuel cell system insulation detection.
The invention provides a fuel cell system insulation detection method, which comprises the following processes:
s1: measuring to obtain TDS of cooling water of a fuel cell stack cooling system;
s2: fitting a TDS and conductivity curve of the fuel cell stack cooling water;
s3: acquiring the conductivity of cooling water of the fuel cell stack;
s4: acquiring scale resistivity on cooling water of the fuel cell stack;
s5: obtaining the scale resistivity of the fuel cell stack under cooling water;
s6: the fuel cell system insulation resistance is obtained.
Further, in the step S2, when the conductivity of the fuel cell stack cooling water is measured, the conductivity is compensated to 25 ℃ by using 25 ℃ as a reference temperature and performing temperature compensation when the solution temperature is not 25 ℃.
Further, the conversion formula of the compensation is as follows: l1= L0{1+ α (t-t 0) }; wherein, L1 is the conductivity of the tested solution at the actual temperature; l0 is converted into the conductivity of the solution at t0, and t0 is the reference temperature; alpha is a temperature correction coefficient; t is the temperature of the solution to be measured.
Further, the temperature correction coefficient α of the electrical conductivity is + 1.4%/deg.C to 3%/deg.C.
Further, the temperature correction coefficient α for conductivity for H + ionic solution was + 1.5%/deg.c; for an OH-ionic solution, the temperature correction coefficient α for the conductivity was 1.8%/deg.C.
Further, in step S3, the range of the conductivity of the fuel cell cooling aqueous solution can be obtained based on the compensated conversion formula and the dissolved solid concentration measured by the ion concentration meter.
Further, in the step S4, the insulation resistivity of the upper scale of the cooling water is obtained according to the comparison table of the conductivity of the cooling water solution of the fuel cell and the conductivity and the resistivity of the upper scale of the cooling water obtained in the steps S2 and S3.
Further, in the step S5, the insulation resistivity of the upper scale of the cooling water is obtained according to the comparison table of the conductivity of the cooling water solution of the fuel cell and the conductivity and the resistivity of the lower scale of the cooling water obtained in the steps S2 and S3.
Further, in step S6, according to the upper scale resistivity and the lower scale resistivity obtained in step S4 and step S5, the insulation resistance of the fuel cell stack cooling system can be obtained by combining the two data, and the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system can be obtained.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a fuel cell stack cooling system, which comprises a stack, an intercooler, a deionizer, an expansion kettle and a radiator; one end of the radiator is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the galvanic pile through a water inlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline; the other end of the radiator is communicated with a cooling water outlet of the galvanic pile through a water outlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline; a water outlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline is provided with a cooling water pump and a temperature control valve; two ends of the temperature control valve are respectively communicated with the water outlet pipeline, and the other end of the temperature control valve is communicated with the water outlet pipeline through a branch pipeline; an ion concentration detector is arranged on the water outlet pipeline; a cooling water inlet temperature sensor and a cooling water inlet pressure sensor are arranged at a cooling water inlet of the galvanic pile; and a cooling water outlet temperature sensor is arranged at a cooling water outlet of the galvanic pile.
Further, the fuel cell stack cooling system also comprises an intercooler, a deionizer and an expansion kettle; one end of the intercooler is communicated with a water inlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline through a first branch pipeline, and the deionizer is arranged on the first branch pipeline; the other end of the intercooler is communicated with a water outlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline through a second branch pipeline; one port of the expansion kettle is communicated with an exhaust outlet of the galvanic pile through a third branch pipeline, and the other port of the expansion kettle is communicated with one end of the radiator through a fourth branch pipeline; the side of the radiator is also provided with a radiating fan.
Further, the ion concentration detector is used for simultaneously detecting the fluoride ions, the nitrate radicals, the PH and the water hardness of the cooling water in the circulating pipeline of the cooling system; the cooling water in the circulating pipeline of the cooling system comprises water, glycol and an additive, wherein the additive is a corrosion inhibitor.
Further, the operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack cooling system is-40 ℃ to 100 ℃; the operating pressure range of the fuel cell stack cooling system is 0-2 bar; the medium of the cooling water is deionized water or ethylene glycol-based antifreeze; the conductivity of the medium is controlled below 5 mus, and the TDS of the medium is lower than 10 ppm.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the risk of the insulation fault is early warned in advance by monitoring the ion concentration of the fuel cell system, and the insulation resistance fault source is timely positioned when the insulation fault occurs, so that the safety performance of the fuel cell automobile can be improved, and the risk is reduced.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fuel cell system insulation detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a high pressure schematic diagram of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack cooling system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first comparison table of conductivity and resistivity of the upper scale of the cooling water provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second comparison table of conductivity and resistivity of the upper scale of the cooling water according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a fuel cell system; 2. boosting the DCDC; 3. a power distribution unit PDU; 4. a motor controller; 5. an energy storage battery unit; 6. a high voltage electricity using unit; 7. a galvanic pile; 8. a cooling water inlet temperature sensor; 9. a cooling water inlet; 10. a cooling water inlet pressure sensor; 11. a cooling water outlet; 12. a cooling water outlet temperature sensor; 13. an exhaust outlet; 14. an intercooler 15, an ion concentration detector; 16. a deionizer; 17. a cooling water pump; 18. a temperature control valve; 19. an expansion kettle; 20. a cooling water circulation pipe; 21. a heat sink; 22. a heat radiation fan; 23. an exhaust line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. The meaning of "a number" is one or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for detecting insulation of a fuel cell system, which performs insulation monitoring for an existing fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system specifically includes the following fuel cell stack cooling system; the detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring to obtain TDS of cooling water of a fuel cell stack cooling system; specifically, TDS, i.e., total soluble solids, is a measure of the total content of all ions in water, usually expressed in ppm;
s2: fitting a TDS and conductivity curve of the fuel cell stack cooling water; specifically, conductivity is the ability of a substance to carry current, as opposed to resistance, in units of Siemens/cm (S/cm), 10-6 of which are expressed in μ S/cm, and 10-3 of which are expressed in mS/cm; the basic unit of the conductivity is Siemens, and the conductivity is the reciprocal of the resistivity and represents the conductive performance of a substance; the larger the conductivity is, the stronger the conductivity is, and the smaller the conductivity is otherwise; in the scheme of the application, the conductivity is equal to the sum of the conductivities of various ions in the solution, and the conductivity can be obtained through experimental data according to the properties of the cooling water solution;
s3: acquiring the conductivity of cooling water of the fuel cell stack; specifically, the actual conductivity is obtained according to the fitted TDS conductivity curve and the measured TDS in S2;
s4: acquiring scale resistivity on cooling water of the fuel cell stack;
s5: obtaining the scale resistivity of the fuel cell stack under cooling water;
s6: obtaining the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system; specifically, the insulation resistance is calibrated according to the upper and lower limits of the insulation resistance obtained in S4/S5 and practical application data.
The existing fuel cell automobile mainly adopts a hybrid power type which takes a fuel cell system and an energy storage cell unit as an electric energy source, a fuel cell module raises the voltage to a voltage platform which is the same as that of the energy storage cell unit through a voltage boosting DCDC, and the voltage is distributed to a motor and other high-voltage power utilization units through a power distribution unit PDU to drive the automobile together; specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the system comprises a fuel cell system 1, a boost DCDC 2, a power distribution unit PDU 3, a motor controller 4, an energy storage cell unit 5 and a high-voltage power utilization unit 6, wherein the fuel cell system 1 is electrically connected with the boost DCDC 2, the boost DCDC 2 is electrically connected with the power distribution unit PDU 3, the power distribution unit PDU 3 is electrically connected with the motor controller 4, and the motor controller 4 is electrically connected with a motor M; the energy storage battery unit 5 is connected to a circuit between the boosting DCDC 2 and the power distribution unit PDU 3, and the high-voltage electricity utilization unit 6 is connected to a circuit between the power distribution unit PDU 3 and the motor controller 4; the fuel cell system is connected with the high-voltage circuit of the energy storage battery unit and the high-voltage load of the whole vehicle; at present, the self insulation of the fuel cell is relatively low, and the lower limit of an insulation safety value is easily reached, so that the power of the whole vehicle is reduced or the vehicle is shut down, and the running of the vehicle is influenced; according to the safety requirements of the existing electric automobile: if the direct current and alternating current B-class voltage circuits are conductively connected together, the circuit at least meets the requirement of 500 omega/V; according to this specification, if the maximum output voltage is 300V, the insulation resistance should at least satisfy 150K Ω; however, the fuel cell automobile only considers the insulation resistance of the energy storage cell unit, and the common low insulation resistance of the fuel cell can cause frequent alarm, influence the vehicle operation and have certain safety risk; when the insulation resistance of the extended-range fuel cell passenger vehicle breaks down, the existing fuel cell vehicle cannot locate the insulation resistance fault source, so that the safety performance of the existing extended-range fuel cell passenger vehicle is lower, and the risk is higher.
According to the insulation detection method of the fuel cell system, provided by the invention, the conductivity inside the electric pile of the fuel cell system can be analyzed by monitoring the ion concentration of the hydrothermal management subsystem in real time, so that the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system is obtained. With the operation of the fuel cell system, the ion concentration of deionized water rises, the insulation resistance value falls, and the occurrence of insulation faults can be pre-warned through ion concentration detection, so that workers can deal with the insulation faults in advance, and the normal operation of the whole vehicle is ensured; meanwhile, when the whole vehicle has insulation fault, an insulation resistance fault source can be timely positioned, so that the safety performance of the fuel cell vehicle can be improved, and the risk is reduced.
The insulation detection method of the fuel cell system provided by the invention can effectively avoid the occurrence of the insulation fault of the fuel cell vehicle by carrying out comprehensive analysis and judgment based on the characteristics of the fuel cell system, locate the insulation resistance fault source in time when the insulation fault occurs, early warn the risk of the insulation fault in advance by monitoring the ion concentration of the fuel cell system on the premise of not increasing an insulation monitoring module, and locate the insulation resistance fault source in time when the insulation fault occurs, thereby improving the safety performance of the fuel cell vehicle and reducing the risk.
Preferably, in combination with the above, the conductivity of the solution is equal to the sum of the conductivities of the various ions in the solution, such as: pure salt solution: cond = Cond (pure water) + Cond (nacl), the conductivity of the solution is directly proportional to the total dissolved solids concentration (TDS), and the higher the solids concentration, the greater the conductivity. Furthermore, the concentration of the soluble solid can be measured by using an ion concentration tester so as to indirectly obtain the conductivity of the solution; for convenience of approximate conversion, the conductivity of 1 mus/cm =0.5ppm hardness; the relationship between conductivity and TDS is not linear, but within a limited concentration range, a linear formula can be used, for example: 100 muS/cm 0.5 (as NaCl) =50ppm TDS (microsiemens microSiemens), the conductivity of pure water is 0.055 muS (18.18M omega), and the conversion coefficient of the TDS and the conductivity of salt is 0.5; sometimes, the conversion coefficient of the TDS and the conductivity is also expressed by other salts, such as CaO3 (coefficient is 0.66), and the conversion coefficient of the TDS and the conductivity can be adjusted between 0.4 and 1.0 so as to correspond to different types of electrolyte solutions; meanwhile, the conductivity of the solution is closely related to the dispersion of the electrolyte in water and the migration speed of ions, and the solubility and the migration speed are related to the temperature of the solution; as the temperature increases, the conductivity of the solution increases, whereas, the conductivity decreases; in order to overcome the influence of temperature, the conductivity of different solutions at different temperatures is made to be comparable, when the conductivity is measured, 25 ℃ is preferably used as a reference temperature, and when the temperature of the solution is not 25 ℃, temperature compensation is carried out to compensate the conductivity at 25 ℃; the conversion formula of compensation is as follows: l1= L0{1+ α (t-t 0) }; wherein, L1 is the conductivity of the tested solution at the actual temperature; l0 is converted into the conductivity of the solution at t0, and t0 is the reference temperature (25 ℃); alpha is a temperature correction coefficient; t is the temperature of the solution to be measured.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 1, in the step S2, when the conductivity of the cooling water of the fuel cell stack is measured, 25 ℃ is used as a reference temperature, and when the solution temperature is not 25 ℃, temperature compensation is performed to compensate the conductivity to 25 ℃, and through experimental data and related theories, a TDS-conductivity curve of the cooling water solution can be fitted.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in FIG. 1, the temperature correction coefficient α for the electrical conductivity is + 1.4%/deg.C to 3%/deg.C; further, the temperature correction coefficient α for conductivity for H + ionic solution was + 1.5%/deg.c; for an OH-ionic solution, the temperature correction coefficient α for the conductivity was 1.8%/deg.C.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 1, in the step S3, the conductivity range of the fuel cell cooling aqueous solution can be obtained according to the compensated conversion formula obtained in the above step S2 and the dissolved solid concentration measured by the ion concentration tester, and the description is not repeated here.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 1, in the step S4, the comparison table of the conductivity of the cooling water solution of the fuel cell and the conductivity and resistivity of the scale on the cooling water obtained according to the steps S2 and S3 is obtained, that is, the comparison table is obtained according to the solution property and the test data, and as shown in fig. 4, the insulation resistivity of the scale on the cooling water is obtained; the operating temperature range of a cooling medium of a fuel cell stack cooling system is wide from-40 ℃ to 100 ℃, the temperature changes rapidly, the fuel cell stack cooling system is started from the lowest temperature to normal operation and operates in a high-temperature area for only a few minutes, the operating pressure range is about 0-2bar, the cooling medium is deionized water or ethylene glycol-based anti-freezing solution, has certain corrosivity, and can ensure that a fuel cell automobile does not generate an insulation alarm when the conductivity is required to be controlled below 5 mu s and the TDS is generally lower than 10 ppm.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 1, in step S5, the comparison table of conductivity and resistivity of the scale under the cooling water and the conductivity of the cooling water of the fuel cell obtained according to steps S2 and S3, that is, the solution conductivity is generally a range, and the upper and lower limits of the insulation resistance are respectively obtained, as shown in fig. 5, the insulation resistivity of the scale over the cooling water is obtained.
Preferably, with reference to the above scheme, as shown in fig. 1, in step S6, according to the upper scale resistivity and the lower scale resistivity obtained in step S4 and step S5, the insulation resistance of the fuel cell stack cooling system can be obtained by combining the two data, so as to obtain the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system, that is, the upper and lower limits of the insulation resistance are obtained in combination with the actual test data, and the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system is obtained by calibration.
The invention provides a fuel cell system insulation detection method, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
on the premise of not increasing an insulation monitoring module, the conductivity inside the fuel cell system pile can be analyzed by monitoring the ion concentration of the hydrothermal management subsystem in real time, and further the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system is obtained. With the operation of the fuel cell system, the ion concentration of deionized water rises, the insulation resistance value falls, and the occurrence of insulation faults can be pre-warned through ion concentration detection, so that workers can deal with the insulation faults in advance, and the normal operation of the whole vehicle is ensured; meanwhile, when the whole vehicle has insulation fault, an insulation resistance fault source can be timely positioned, so that the safety performance of the fuel cell vehicle can be improved, and the risk is reduced.
Correspondingly, in combination with the above insulation detection method for a fuel cell system, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention further provides a cooling system for a fuel cell stack, which specifically includes a stack 7, an intercooler 14, a deionizer 16, an expansion tank 19, and a radiator 21; wherein, one end of the radiator 21 is communicated with a cooling water inlet 9 of the electric pile 7 through a water inlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline 20; the other end of the radiator 21 is communicated with a cooling water outlet 11 of the galvanic pile 7 through a water outlet pipeline of the cooling water circulating pipeline 20; a cooling water pump 17 and a temperature control valve 18 are arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the cooling water circulating pipeline 20; two ends of the temperature control valve 18 are respectively communicated with the water outlet pipeline, and the other end of the temperature control valve 18 is communicated with the water outlet pipeline through a branch pipeline; an ion concentration detector 15 is arranged on the water outlet pipeline; a cooling water inlet temperature sensor 8 and a cooling water inlet pressure sensor 10 are arranged at a cooling water inlet 9 of the galvanic pile 7; a cooling water outlet temperature sensor 12 is arranged at a cooling water outlet 11 of the galvanic pile 7; specifically, the deionizer 16 is a specially designed component of the fuel cell stack cooling system, and since the fuel cell is a power generation device, the cooling water thereof will also carry out conductive ions, which will create a risk of electrical conduction; in order to remove the conductive ions in the cooling water, an ionizer is installed in the cooling system to maintain the ion concentration in the system at a low level to ensure electrical insulation. Further, the ion concentration detector 15 is used to simultaneously detect the fluoride ion, nitrate, PH and water hardness of the cooling water in the circulation line of the cooling system; wherein the water hardness is a reference object for detecting Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions of the cooling water; the cooling water in the circulating pipeline of the cooling system comprises water, glycol and additives, and the additives are mainly corrosion inhibitors.
Preferably, in combination with the above solution, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the fuel cell stack cooling system further provided by the present invention further includes an intercooler 14, a deionizer 16, and an expansion water tank 19; wherein, one end of the intercooler 14 is communicated with a water inlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline 20 through a first branch pipeline, and the deionizer 16 is arranged on the first branch pipeline; the other end of the intercooler 14 is communicated with a water outlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline 20 through a second branch pipeline; one port of the expansion kettle 19 is communicated with the air exhaust and water discharge port 13 of the galvanic pile 7 through a third branch pipeline, and the other port of the expansion kettle 19 is communicated with one end of the radiator 21 through a fourth branch pipeline; the side of the heat sink 21 is further provided with a heat dissipation fan 22 to improve the heat dissipation efficiency.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack cooling system ranges from-40 ℃ to 100 ℃; the operating pressure range of the fuel cell stack cooling system is 0-2 bar; the medium of the cooling water is deionized water or ethylene glycol-based antifreeze; the conductivity of the medium is controlled below 5 mus, and the TDS of the medium is lower than 10 ppm.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the risk of the insulation fault is early warned in advance by monitoring the ion concentration of the fuel cell system, and the insulation resistance fault source is timely positioned when the insulation fault occurs, so that the safety performance of the fuel cell automobile can be improved, and the risk is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the described embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technology of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention, unless the content of the technical solution of the present invention is departed from.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system insulation detection method characterized by comprising the processes of:
s1: measuring to obtain TDS of cooling water of a fuel cell stack cooling system;
s2: fitting a TDS and conductivity curve of the fuel cell stack cooling water;
s3: acquiring the conductivity of cooling water of the fuel cell stack;
s4: acquiring scale resistivity on cooling water of the fuel cell stack;
s5: obtaining the scale resistivity of the fuel cell stack under cooling water;
s6: the fuel cell system insulation resistance is obtained.
2. The fuel cell system insulation detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, when the conductivity of the fuel cell stack cooling water is measured, the conductivity is compensated to 25 ℃ by using 25 ℃ as a reference temperature and performing temperature compensation when the solution temperature is not 25 ℃.
3. The fuel cell system insulation detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that the conversion formula of the compensation is: l1= L0{1+ α (t-t 0) }; wherein, L1 is the conductivity of the tested solution at the actual temperature; l0 is converted into the conductivity of the solution at t0, and the t0 is the reference temperature; the alpha is a temperature correction coefficient; and t is the temperature of the solution to be detected.
4. The fuel cell system insulation detection method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature correction coefficient α of the electrical conductivity is + 1.4%/C to 3%/C; for H + ionic solutions, the temperature correction coefficient for conductivity, α, is + 1.5%/degree c; the temperature correction coefficient α for the conductivity was 1.8%/deg.C for OH-ionic solutions.
5. The fuel cell system insulation detection method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the conductivity range of the fuel cell cooling water solution is obtained based on the compensated conversion formula and the dissolved solid concentration measured by the ion concentration tester.
6. The fuel cell system insulation detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the upper scale insulation resistivity of the cooling water is obtained according to the comparison table of the conductivity of the cooling water solution of the fuel cell and the conductivity and resistivity of the upper scale of the cooling water obtained in the steps S2 and S3; in the step S5, obtaining insulation resistivity of the upper scale of the cooling water according to the comparison table of the conductivity and the conductivity of the scale under the cooling water of the fuel cell obtained in the steps S2 and S3; in the step S6, according to the upper scale resistivity and the lower scale resistivity obtained in the steps 4 and S5, the insulation resistance of the fuel cell stack cooling system can be obtained by combining the data of the upper scale resistivity and the lower scale resistivity, and the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system can be further obtained.
7. A fuel cell stack cooling system is characterized by comprising a stack (7), an intercooler (14), a deionizer (16), an expansion water tank (19) and a radiator (21); one end of the radiator (21) is communicated with a cooling water inlet (9) of the galvanic pile (7) through a water inlet pipeline of a cooling water circulation pipeline (20); the other end of the radiator (21) is communicated with a cooling water outlet (11) of the galvanic pile (7) through a water outlet pipeline of a cooling water circulating pipeline (20); a cooling water pump (17) and a temperature control valve (18) are arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the cooling water circulating pipeline (20); two ends of the temperature control valve (18) are respectively communicated with the water outlet pipeline, and the other end of the temperature control valve (18) is communicated with the water outlet pipeline through a branch pipeline; an ion concentration detector (15) is arranged on the water outlet pipeline; a cooling water inlet temperature sensor (8) and a cooling water inlet pressure sensor (10) are arranged at a cooling water inlet (9) of the galvanic pile (7); and a cooling water outlet temperature sensor (12) is arranged at a cooling water outlet (11) of the galvanic pile (7).
8. The fuel cell stack cooling system according to claim 7, further comprising an intercooler (14), a deionizer (16), and an expansion tank (19); one end of the intercooler (14) is communicated with a water inlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline (20) through a first branch pipeline, and the deionizer (16) is arranged on the first branch pipeline; the other end of the intercooler (14) is communicated with a water outlet pipeline of the cooling water circulation pipeline (20) through a second branch pipeline; one port of the expansion kettle (19) is communicated with an exhaust outlet (13) of the galvanic pile (7) through a third branch pipeline, and the other port of the expansion kettle (19) is communicated with one end of the radiator (21) through a fourth branch pipeline; and a heat radiation fan (22) is also arranged on the side edge of the heat radiator (21).
9. The cooling system for a fuel cell stack according to claim 7, wherein the ion concentration detector is configured to simultaneously detect fluoride ions, nitrate ions, PH, and water hardness of the cooling water in the circulation line of the cooling system; the cooling water in the circulating pipeline of the cooling system comprises water, glycol and an additive, wherein the additive is a corrosion inhibitor.
10. The fuel cell stack cooling system of claim 7, wherein the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack cooling system ranges from-40 ℃ to 100 ℃; the operating pressure range of the fuel cell stack cooling system is 0-2 bar; the medium of the cooling water is deionized water or ethylene glycol-based antifreeze; the conductivity of the medium is controlled below 5 mus, and the TDS of the medium is lower than 10 ppm.
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| CN113809368A (en) | 2021-12-17 |
| CN112582651B (en) | 2021-12-28 |
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