CN112582114A - Composite insulator and method for detecting composite insulator brittle failure based on fiber bragg grating - Google Patents
Composite insulator and method for detecting composite insulator brittle failure based on fiber bragg grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN112582114A CN112582114A CN202011331979.2A CN202011331979A CN112582114A CN 112582114 A CN112582114 A CN 112582114A CN 202011331979 A CN202011331979 A CN 202011331979A CN 112582114 A CN112582114 A CN 112582114A
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/247—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet using distributed sensing elements, e.g. microcapsules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
- H01B17/38—Fittings, e.g. caps; Fastenings therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite insulator which comprises a core rod, a hardware fitting, a protective sleeve, an umbrella skirt and at least two optical fibers positioned between the core rod and the protective sleeve, wherein the at least two optical fibers are fixed on the surface of the core rod, each optical fiber comprises a grating coverage area and a tail fiber, and a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings used for acquiring wavelength offset to judge brittle fracture are arranged in the grating coverage area of each optical fiber along the length direction of the optical fiber. The method for detecting the brittle failure of the composite insulator based on the fiber bragg grating comprises the steps of obtaining the wavelength offset of the fiber bragg grating; and judging the brittle failure position and brittle failure degree of the composite insulator according to the wavelength offset measured by the fiber Bragg gratings arranged at different positions on the surface of the core rod. The invention early warns and monitors the brittle failure process of the composite insulator by the wavelength deviant, can efficiently, accurately and intuitively monitor the brittle failure process of the composite insulator in real time, and can replace the traditional inspection of the composite insulator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of on-line monitoring of power transmission and transformation insulating equipment, in particular to a composite insulator and a method for detecting the brittle failure of the composite insulator based on fiber bragg gratings.
Background
The composite insulator bears the insulating property and the mechanical supporting property in the power transmission line, the brittle fracture (brittle fracture for short) accident of the composite insulator seriously damages a power system, the load is far lower than the normal fracture load, and the fracture time is unpredictable, so that the composite insulator is often broken, and even causes serious accidents such as tower collapse and the like. The traditional composite insulator detection technology mainly detects the running state of the insulator of the power transmission line by regular inspection, field observation and detection methods of inspection personnel, the existing composite insulator detection means mainly comprise an infrared imaging method, an ultraviolet imaging method, an image method and the like, but for the composite insulator brittle failure, the traditional detection technologies are difficult to accurately and timely give an early warning, and are sampling inspection, so that the online real-time monitoring cannot be realized.
At present, no means for detecting the formation and the propagation of brittle fracture cracks of the core rod exists at home and abroad, so that the development process of the brittle fracture is little understood. The stress corrosion brittle failure process of the core rod with 1mm small cracks on the surface is detected by 4MHz ultrasonic waves incident at a first critical incident angle of 30.95 degrees by critical refraction longitudinal waves at Qinghua university, and ultrasonic echo energy is found to reflect the development process of the cracks. However, the ultrasonic detection method cannot efficiently, accurately and intuitively find the brittle fracture of the composite insulator, and cannot achieve all-weather online monitoring of the running state of the composite insulator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for detecting the brittle failure process of a composite insulator based on a fiber grating technology. The optical fiber in the method has the advantages of good insulativity, small volume, electromagnetic interference resistance, high sensitivity to stress and temperature and the like, and can realize real-time online monitoring. When the composite insulator starts to be brittle-broken, cracks appear on the surface of the core rod, so that the axial stress of the positions of the cracks is changed, and extrusion force appears at the relative positions of the sections of the cracks; under different degrees and numbers of cracks, the grating wavelength offset of different positions on the surface of the core rod is different, so that the brittle failure process characteristic of the composite insulator can be judged by observing and comparing the value of the grating wavelength offset, and early warning can be carried out on the brittle failure of the composite insulator. The method has the advantages of low detection cost and high detection precision, and can efficiently, accurately and intuitively identify and position the brittle fracture of the composite insulator core rod.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme.
The composite insulator comprises a core rod, hardware fittings arranged at two ends of the core rod, a protective sleeve coated on the core rod, an umbrella skirt arranged on the core rod and at least two optical fibers positioned between the core rod and the protective sleeve, wherein the at least two optical fibers are fixed on the surface of the core rod, each optical fiber comprises a grating coverage area and a tail fiber, and a plurality of optical fiber Bragg gratings used for acquiring wavelength offset to judge brittle fracture are arranged in the grating coverage area of each optical fiber along the length direction of the optical fiber.
Furthermore, each optical fiber is fixed on the core rod in an adhering mode.
Furthermore, the number of the optical fibers is three, and the three optical fibers are uniformly distributed on the surface of the core rod along the central axis of the composite insulator in an angle of 120 degrees. The optical fibers are uniformly distributed, and the fault position can be judged and positioned more visually.
Further, the hardware comprises a high-voltage end hardware and a low-voltage end hardware which are respectively arranged at two ends of the core rod, and the number of the fiber bragg gratings arranged on the positions, close to the high-voltage end hardware, of each optical fiber is more than the number of the fiber bragg gratings arranged on the positions, close to the low-voltage end hardware, of the optical fibers. By the arrangement, the fault frequency region can be closely monitored, and brittle failure can be timely and early warned.
Further, the fiber bragg grating is a strain sensor.
Furthermore, 5-20 fiber Bragg gratings are arranged on each optical fiber.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the brittle failure of the composite insulator based on the fiber bragg grating, wherein the composite insulator is the composite insulator, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the wavelength offset of the fiber Bragg grating;
judging the brittle failure position and brittle failure degree of the composite insulator according to the wavelength offset measured by the fiber Bragg gratings arranged at different positions on the surface of the core rod, and if the wavelength offset of the gratings is increased to be not less than the maximum value Delta lambda of the stable rangewmax1.1 times of the total wavelength of the grating, judging that the core rod cracks, and if the wavelength offset of the grating is reduced to be less than or equal to the minimum value delta lambda of the stable rangewmin0.9 times of the above-mentioned amount, the core rod was judged to have a serious crack.
Further, the wavelength offset is:
ΔλB＝KTΔT+Kεε
wherein, Δ λBRepresenting the wavelength offset, K, of a fibre Bragg gratingTExpressing the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber Bragg grating, Delta T expressing the temperature variation, KεThe axial strain sensitivity coefficient is shown, and epsilon is the axial strain quantity.
Further, when the crack initiation of the core rod is judged, fine cracks begin to appear on the surface of the core rod, the depth of the cracks is less than 1mm, and the circumference is less than 5 mm.
Further, when the core rod is judged to have serious cracks, the depth of the cracks is not less than 2mm, and the circumference is more than 15 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the fiber grating detection technology to monitor the brittle failure process of the composite insulator, and the Bragg grating sensor adopts the passive sensing technology without a terminal power supply, thereby improving the reliability of the sensor; meanwhile, the optical fiber has the advantages of good insulativity, small volume, electromagnetic interference resistance, high sensitivity to stress and temperature and the like, so that the axial stress change on the surface of the core rod can be accurately and stably monitored; the method can monitor the state of the brittle failure process of the composite insulator on line in real time, and judges the characteristics of the mandrel in the brittle failure process by observing and comparing the wavelength offset of the grating, thereby achieving early warning of the brittle failure of the mandrel, saving the cost of manpower inspection and reducing the artificial error. The method has the advantages of low detection cost and high detection precision, and can efficiently, accurately and visually identify and position the brittle failure characteristics of the composite insulator core rod.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the grating on the surface of the composite insulator core rod in this embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a side view of three optical fibers in this embodiment in relative position on the surface of the core rod.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the position of the composite insulator with three optical fibers implanted therein according to the present embodiment.
The optical fiber core comprises 1-hardware, 11-high-voltage end hardware, 12-low-voltage end hardware, 2-core rod, 3-sheath, 31-large umbrella, 32-small umbrella, 4-optical fiber, 41-1# optical fiber, 42-2# optical fiber, 43-3# optical fiber and 5-optical fiber Bragg grating.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
The composite insulator provided by the embodiment comprises a core rod 2, a high-voltage end hardware fitting 11 and a low-voltage end hardware fitting 12 which are respectively arranged at two ends of the core rod 2, a sheath 3 coated on the core rod 2, and an umbrella skirt arranged on the sheath 3, wherein in the embodiment, the sheath 3 is a silicon rubber sheath, and the umbrella skirt comprises a large umbrella 31 and a small umbrella 32.
In order to effectively monitor the three-dimensional axial stress change and the physical state of the surface of the mandrel 2 in the brittle fracture process of the composite insulator, at least two optical fibers 4 are arranged between the mandrel 2 and the sheath 3 of the composite insulator, and each optical fiber 4 is provided with a plurality of fiber bragg gratings 5 for acquiring wavelength offset to judge brittle fracture along the length direction, specifically, in the embodiment, three optical fibers 4 are arranged and respectively defined as a 1# optical fiber 41, a 2# optical fiber 42 and a 3# optical fiber 43, the 1# optical fiber 41, the 2# optical fiber 42 and the 3# optical fiber 43 are fixed on different positions of the surface of the mandrel 2 through optical fiber adhesives, each optical fiber 4 comprises a grating coverage area and a tail fiber, the tail fiber extends out from a low-voltage end fitting 12 to be connected with external equipment, in the grating coverage area, 5-20 fiber bragg gratings 5 are arranged on each optical fiber 4 from the low-voltage end fitting 11 to the high-voltage end fitting 12, as shown in fig. 1, the axial stress variation on the surface of the core rod 2 is observed by obtaining the wavelength offset of the fiber bragg grating 5, and then the brittle failure position and brittle failure degree of the composite insulator are judged according to the wavelength offset measured by the gratings arranged at different positions on the surface of the core rod 2.
In the embodiment, the three optical fibers are uniformly distributed on the surface of the core rod 2 along the central axis of the composite insulator in a circumferential direction of 120 degrees, and the uniform distribution can more intuitively judge and position the fault position.
In this embodiment, the fiber bragg grating 5 is a strain sensor. The sensor adopts a passive sensing technology and does not need a terminal power supply.
Specifically, the optical fiber 4 is uniformly and seamlessly adhered to the surface of the mandrel bar 2 by using 353ND optical fiber adhesive before the composite insulator hardware 1 is crimped; the fiber bragg gratings 5 are uniformly distributed on the optical fibers on the surface of the core rod 2. Because brittle fracture often occurs at or near the high-voltage end in the actual operation process, the number of the brittle fracture is large at the position close to the high-voltage end hardware fittings 11 and small at the position close to the low-voltage end hardware fittings 12, so that the position where a fault easily occurs can be strictly monitored, and the brittle fracture fault can be timely and early warned.
The method for detecting the composite insulator brittle fracture process based on the fiber grating technology provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the change of the axial stress causes wavelength shift, and the wavelength shift of the fiber Bragg grating 5 is obtained;
when the composite insulator generates a stress corrosion phenomenon in the operation process, the axial stress change of the core rod is caused, and the wavelength change of the fiber Bragg grating caused by the corrosion heating temperature change is as follows: delta lambdaB＝KTΔT+Kεε, wherein Δ λBRepresenting the wavelength offset, K, of a fibre Bragg gratingTExpressing the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber Bragg grating, Delta T expressing the temperature variation, KεThe axial strain sensitivity coefficient is shown, epsilon is the axial strain, and K can be obtained by carrying out a temperature calibration test and a stress calibration test on the composite insulator of the embodimentT、KεThe value of ε. In which the wavelength shift due to temperature changes is negligible compared to the wavelength shift due to axial stress changes, i.e. Δ λB≈Kεε。
According to the wavelength offset output by the fiber Bragg grating in the running state, the axial stress change condition of the surface of the core rod can be judged, then according to the wavelength offset measured by the fiber Bragg gratings arranged at different positions on the surface of the core rod, the integral stress condition of the composite insulator is obtained, and if the wavelength offset of the fiber Bragg grating is increased to be not less than the maximum value delta lambda of the stable rangewmax1.1 times of the total wavelength of the optical fiber, the crack initiation can be judged (the wavelength offset here refers to the wavelength offset of a certain fiber Bragg grating, and the crack initiation phenomenon at the position can be judged as long as the offset of the fiber Bragg grating on a certain optical fiber reaches 1.1 times); if the wavelength shift of the grating is reduced to less than or equal to the minimum value of the stable range Delta lambdawminThe wavelength offset is 0.9 times of the wavelength offset of the optical fiber Bragg grating, the core rod crack is judged to be serious (the wavelength offset is the wavelength offset of the remaining optical fiber Bragg grating except the optical fiber Bragg grating with the increased wavelength offset, and the core rod crack is judged to be serious as long as the offset of the remaining optical fiber Bragg grating is reduced to 0.9 times) And monitoring the brittle failure process of the composite insulator by taking the characteristic value wavelength offset as an early warning threshold.
In this embodiment, the maximum value Δ λ of the wavelength shift amount stable rangewmaxThe maximum value of the fluctuation of the wavelength offset of the composite insulator in a range in the normal operation process is referred to. Minimum value of wavelength offset stable range DeltaLambdawminThe minimum value of the fluctuation of the wavelength offset of the composite insulator in a range in the normal operation process is referred to.
And intercepting a wavelength deviation value within a certain time range as a fluctuation range of the wavelength deviation value after the composite insulator is subjected to net hanging operation and when each fiber Bragg grating is in a normal operation process. Specifically, in this embodiment, after the composite insulator screening is performed for a period of time (the period of time may be 3 days or more), when the wavelength offset of each bragg grating is within a range of 20pm/min, the bragg grating is considered to be in a normal operation process, and then the wavelength offset value for 1 month is intercepted, where the maximum value is a maximum value of fluctuation within a range, and the minimum value is a minimum value of fluctuation within a range.
In this embodiment, the crack initiation refers to that the fiber of the mandrel starts to fracture after the stress corrosion, fine cracks start to appear on the surface of the mandrel, the depth of the cracks is less than 1mm, and the circumference is less than 5 mm. The core rod cracks seriously mean that the depth of the cracks reaches 2mm, and the circumference is more than 15 mm.
In the embodiment, the fiber bragg gratings are arranged at different positions on the surface of the core rod, and the wavelength offset of the fiber bragg gratings at different positions can be different, so that which process the core rod is in the brittle fracture process can be judged by comparing the value of the wavelength offset, and whether the crack is initiated at the beginning or is at a severe stage of the crack is judged, so that the brittle fracture of the core rod can be timely detected and early warned, the labor routing inspection cost is saved, and the artificial error is reduced.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Composite insulator, including plug (2), set up gold utensil (1), the cladding at the both ends of plug (2) sheath (3) on plug (2) and setting are in umbrella skirt on sheath (3), its characterized in that: the optical fiber core is characterized by further comprising at least two optical fibers (4) located between the core rod (2) and the sheath (3), wherein the at least two optical fibers (4) are fixed on the surface of the core rod (2), each optical fiber (4) comprises a grating coverage area and a tail fiber, and a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings (5) used for acquiring wavelength offset to judge brittle fracture are arranged in the grating coverage area of each optical fiber (4) along the length direction of the optical fiber.
2. The composite insulator of claim 1, wherein: each optical fiber (4) is fixedly adhered to the core rod (2).
3. The composite insulator of claim 1, wherein: the number of the optical fibers (4) is three, and the three optical fibers (4) are uniformly distributed on the surface of the core rod (2) along the central shaft of the composite insulator in an angle of 120 degrees.
4. The composite insulator of claim 1, wherein: the hardware (1) comprises a high-voltage end hardware (11) and a low-voltage end hardware (12) which are respectively arranged at two ends of the core rod (2), and the number of the fiber Bragg gratings (5) which are arranged on the positions, close to the high-voltage end hardware (11), of each optical fiber (4) is more than the number of the fiber Bragg gratings (5) which are arranged on the positions, close to the low-voltage end hardware (12).
5. A composite insulator according to claim 1, characterised in that: the fiber Bragg grating (5) is a strain sensor.
6. The composite insulator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: 5-20 fiber Bragg gratings (5) are arranged on each optical fiber (4).
7. A method for detecting a composite insulator brittle fracture based on fiber bragg grating, wherein the composite insulator is the composite insulator of any one of claims 1 to 6, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the wavelength offset of the fiber Bragg grating (5);
according to the wavelength offset measured by the fiber Bragg grating (5) arranged at different positions on the surface of the core rod, the brittle failure position and the brittle failure degree of the composite insulator are judged, and if the wavelength offset of the grating is increased to be not less than the maximum value delta lambda of the stable rangewmax1.1 times of the total wavelength of the grating, judging that the core rod cracks, and if the wavelength offset of the grating is reduced to be less than or equal to the minimum value delta lambda of the stable rangewmin0.9 times of the above-mentioned amount, the core rod was judged to have a serious crack.
8. The method for detecting the composite insulator brittle fracture based on the fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 7, wherein the wavelength offset is as follows:
ΔλB＝KTΔT+Kεε
wherein, Δ λBRepresenting the wavelength offset, K, of a fibre Bragg gratingTExpressing the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the fiber Bragg grating, Delta T expressing the temperature variation, KεThe axial strain sensitivity coefficient is shown, and epsilon is the axial strain quantity.
9. The method for detecting the brittle failure of the composite insulator based on the fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the crack initiation of the core rod is judged, the surface of the core rod starts to generate fine cracks, the depth of the cracks is less than 1mm, and the circumference is less than 5 mm.
10. The method for detecting the brittle failure of the composite insulator based on the fiber bragg grating as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the core rod cracks seriously, the depth of the cracks is not less than 2mm, and the circumference is more than 15 mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113405898A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-17 | 华南理工大学 | Fiber grating monitoring composite insulator brittle failure system and crack identification method |
| CN114414086A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-29 | 山东微感光电子有限公司 | Fiber grating insulator temperature monitoring system and method based on VCSEL wavelength demodulation |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113405898A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-17 | 华南理工大学 | Fiber grating monitoring composite insulator brittle failure system and crack identification method |
| CN114414086A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-29 | 山东微感光电子有限公司 | Fiber grating insulator temperature monitoring system and method based on VCSEL wavelength demodulation |
| CN114414086B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2024-04-09 | 山东微感光电子有限公司 | Fiber Bragg grating insulator temperature monitoring system and method based on VCSEL wavelength demodulation |
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