CN112576268B - Hard rock tunneling device and hard rock tunneling method - Google Patents
Hard rock tunneling device and hard rock tunneling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112576268B CN112576268B CN201910943614.6A CN201910943614A CN112576268B CN 112576268 B CN112576268 B CN 112576268B CN 201910943614 A CN201910943614 A CN 201910943614A CN 112576268 B CN112576268 B CN 112576268B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title abstract description 41
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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Abstract
The invention provides a hard rock tunneling device and a hard rock tunneling method, wherein the hard rock tunneling device comprises: a cutter head; the driving device is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head and used for driving the cutter head to rotate; the cutter is arranged on a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the cutter disc and is used for cutting rocks; and the auxiliary mechanism is arranged on the cutter head and used for assisting the cutter to cut the rock. According to the invention, the auxiliary mechanism is used for assisting the cutter to cut the rock, so that the rock can be effectively cut, the rock breaking capacity of the hard rock tunneling device is improved, the cutter loss is avoided, the service life of the cutter is prolonged, the replacement frequency of the cutter is reduced, the rock breaking efficiency and the construction efficiency are greatly improved, and particularly, the rock can be efficiently cut for high-strength rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hard rock tunneling, in particular to a hard rock tunneling device and a hard rock tunneling method.
Background
In the field of hard rock tunneling, a commonly used rock breaking device is a shield machine (TBM). Because the shield machine has high excavation efficiency and safety far higher than that of excavation by a drilling and blasting method, more and more mountain tunnels are constructed by adopting the shield machine. However, when high-strength rocks such as granite and marble are encountered, the rock breaking capacity of the shield tunneling machine is reduced, the tunneling efficiency is obviously reduced, the cutter loss is high, and the cutter needs to be frequently replaced, so that the utilization rate is reduced. According to measurement and calculation, the loss cost of the cutter accounts for about 30% of the construction cost, the time of the shield machine shutdown caused by cutter inspection and replacement accounts for 15% of the total construction time, therefore, the cutter loss accounts for a large proportion of the construction cost, and the cutter inspection and replacement also have great influence on the utilization rate of equipment.
The rock breaking capacity of the shield machine is mainly influenced by the distance between cutters and the bearing capacity of the cutters. Generally, the minimum knife spacing is about 65mm, subject to the constraints of the cutter head configuration. The structure and volume of the cutter limit the form and size of the inner bearing of the cutter, and the size of the bearing of the cutter directly restricts the bearing capacity of the cutter, and the bearing capacity of the current cutter is about 315kN. Under the limiting conditions of the existing cutter spacing and bearing capacity, the problems of insufficient rock breaking capacity, cutter loss blocks, increased cutter replacement frequency and reduced equipment utilization rate easily occur when the shield machine deals with rocks with the strength of more than 200 MPa.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a hard rock tunneling device, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, when a shield machine encounters high-strength rock, the rock breaking capacity is reduced, a cutter is damaged, and the utilization rate is low. The invention also provides a hard rock tunneling method by using the hard rock tunneling device.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a hard rock ripping apparatus, the apparatus including: a cutter head; the driving device is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head and used for driving the cutter head to rotate; the cutter is arranged on a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the cutter disc and is used for cutting rocks; and the auxiliary mechanism is arranged on the cutter head and used for assisting the cutter to cut the rock.
Further, in the above hard rock ripping apparatus, the assisting mechanism is configured to assist the cutter in cutting the rock by reducing hardness of the rock; in the rotation direction of the cutter head, the auxiliary mechanism is arranged in front of the cutter.
Further, in the hard rock tunneling device, the section of the cutter head is circular, and the cutter and the auxiliary mechanism are located on the same circumference at intervals of a preset distance.
Further, in the hard rock ripping apparatus, the assist mechanism includes: the millimeter wave generating device is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head and used for generating millimeter waves; the injection head is arranged on the second surface of the cutter head; the waveguide tube is used for conveying the millimeter waves generated by the millimeter wave generating device to the injection head; wherein the spray head is used for spraying millimeter waves to the rock.
Further, in the hard rock ripping apparatus, the assist mechanism further includes: and the isolator is arranged on the waveguide tube and close to the millimeter wave generating device and is used for removing impurities from the millimeter waves.
Further, in the hard rock ripping apparatus, the assist mechanism further includes: and the blocking piece is arranged in the waveguide tube and close to the injection head, and is used for conveying millimeter waves and preventing sundries from entering the waveguide tube.
Further, above-mentioned hard rock tunnelling device still includes: and the cooling device is arranged on the cutter head, is arranged between the cutter and the auxiliary mechanism and is used for cooling the rock.
Further, in the hard rock ripping apparatus, the cooling device includes: the nozzle is arranged on the second surface of the cutter head; the first end of the conveying pipe is arranged on the outer side of the first surface of the cutter head and used for receiving cooling liquid, the conveying pipe penetrates through the cutter head, and the second end of the conveying pipe is connected with the nozzle; the nozzle is used for receiving and spraying the cooling liquid conveyed by the conveying pipe.
Further, in the hard rock tunneling device, the section of the cutter head is circular; the cutters and the auxiliary mechanism form a plurality of cutting groups, and the cutting groups are uniformly distributed on the cutter head along the circumferential direction of the cutter head; or the section of the cutter head is circular; the cutter, the auxiliary mechanism and the cooling mechanism form a plurality of cutting groups, and the cutting groups are uniformly distributed from the center to the edge of the cutter head along the radial direction of the cutter head to form a cutting row; the cutting rows are a plurality of and are uniformly distributed on the cutter head along the circumferential direction of the cutter head.
According to the invention, the auxiliary mechanism is used for assisting the cutter to cut the rock, so that the rock can be effectively cut, the rock breaking capacity of the hard rock tunneling device is improved, the cutter loss is avoided, the service life of the cutter is prolonged, the replacement frequency of the cutter is reduced, the rock breaking efficiency and the construction efficiency are greatly improved, especially for high-strength rock, the rock can be efficiently cut, and the problems that the rock breaking capacity is reduced, the cutter loss blocks are easy to occur when the shield tunneling machine meets the high-strength rock, and the utilization rate is low in the prior art are solved.
In another aspect, the invention further provides a hard rock tunneling method using any one of the hard rock tunneling devices, which comprises the following steps: the cutter head is controlled to rotate, an auxiliary mechanism on the cutter head acts on the rock to reduce the hardness of the rock, and meanwhile, the cutter on the cutter head cuts the rock.
According to the invention, the hardness of the rock is reduced through the auxiliary mechanism to assist the cutter to cut the rock, so that the rock can be effectively cut, the rock breaking capacity of the hard rock tunneling device is improved, the cutter loss is avoided, the service life of the cutter is prolonged, the replacement frequency of the cutter is reduced, the rock breaking efficiency and the construction efficiency are greatly improved, and particularly, the rock can be efficiently cut for high-strength rock.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hard rock tunneling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a hard rock tunneling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hard rock tunneling device provided by an embodiment of the invention when in use;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hard rock tunneling device provided by the embodiment of the invention when in use;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of cutting rows in the hard rock ripping apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Hard rock tunnelling device embodiment:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hard rock ripping apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the drawing, the hard rock ripping apparatus includes: the cutter comprises a cutter head 1, a driving device 2, a cutter 3 and an auxiliary mechanism 4. Wherein, the cutter head 1 is cylindrical and has a certain thickness. The driving device 2 is disposed on a first surface of the cutter head 1, specifically, the first surface of the cutter head 1 is one of the circular surfaces of the cutter head 1. The first surface of the cutter head 1 can also be provided with a rotating shaft 6, the rotating shaft 6 is connected with the driving end of the driving device 2, and the driving device 2 drives the rotating shaft 6 to rotate so as to drive the cutter head 1 to rotate.
The cutter 3 is arranged on a second surface of the cutter head 1, the second surface and the first surface are two opposite surfaces, the second surface is the other circular surface of the cutter head 1, and the cutter 3 is used for cutting rocks in rock strata.
It should be noted that the cutter head 1 and the cutter 3 are a cutter head and a rock breaking cutter on the shield machine, and the specific structures and the setting structures of the cutter 3 and the cutter head 1 can refer to the setting of the shield machine, which is not described herein again. That is, the cutter head 1 and the cutter 3 in the embodiment are original components of the shield machine.
In specific implementation, the driving device 2 may determine the rotation speed and the rotation direction of the cutter head 1 according to actual conditions, and this embodiment does not limit this.
The auxiliary mechanism 4 is arranged on the cutter head 1, and the auxiliary mechanism 4 is used for assisting the cutter 3 to cut rock. Preferably, complementary unit 4 is used for coming the auxiliary tool 3 to cut the rock through the hardness that reduces the rock, like this, after the hardness reduction of rock, greatly reduced the degree of difficulty of 3 cutting rocks of cutter, the cutter 3 cutting rocks of being convenient for has avoided the loss of cutter 3, can also improve broken rock ability.
When the cutter head is used, the cutter head 1 is driven by the driving device 2 to rotate, the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 are driven to rotate together, and therefore rock is cut.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, the auxiliary mechanism 4 is used for assisting the cutter 3 to cut the rock, the rock can be effectively cut, the rock breaking capacity of the hard rock tunneling device is improved, the loss of the cutter 3 is avoided, the service life of the cutter 3 is prolonged, the replacement times of the cutter 3 are reduced, the rock breaking efficiency and the construction efficiency are greatly improved, especially for high-strength rocks, the rock can be cut more efficiently, and the problems that the rock breaking capacity is reduced when the shield tunneling machine encounters the high-strength rocks, the cutter loss blocks are generated, and the utilization rate is low in the prior art are solved.
In the above embodiment, the auxiliary mechanism 4 is disposed in front of the cutter 3 in the rotation direction of the cutter head 1. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the auxiliary mechanism 4 is respectively disposed in front of the cutter 3 regardless of whether the cutter head 1 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. Like this, the hardness of rock is reduced at first to complementary unit 4, and then cutter 3 just can cut the rock after reducing the hardness, and the cutting of cutter 3 of being convenient for has protected cutter 3 to broken rock ability has been improved.
In the above embodiment, the cutter head 1 has a circular cross section, and the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 are located on the same circumference and spaced at a predetermined distance. Specifically, on any one circumference of the second surface of the cutter head 1, the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 have a preset distance therebetween. The preset distance is a preset angle at intervals in the circumferential direction of the cutter head 1, and the preset angle may be determined according to an actual situation, which is not limited in this embodiment.
When the cutter head 1 rotates, as the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 are positioned on the same circumference and have a certain interval, in order to ensure that the auxiliary mechanism 4 firstly reduces the hardness of the rock, the rotating direction of the cutter head 1 is determined according to the position of the auxiliary mechanism 4, so that the auxiliary mechanism 4 is arranged in front of the cutter 3 in the rotating direction of the cutter head 1.
Referring to fig. 1, in the above embodiments, the auxiliary mechanism 4 may include: millimeter wave generating device 41, ejection head 42, and waveguide 43. The millimeter wave generating device 41 is disposed on the first surface of the cutter head 1, and the millimeter wave generating device 41 is configured to generate millimeter waves. Specifically, a support frame may be provided on the first surface of the cutter head 1, and the millimeter wave generating device 41 is provided on the support frame, so that when the cutter head 1 rotates, the millimeter wave generating device 41 can rotate together with the cutter head 1, thereby continuously generating millimeter waves.
The spraying head 42 is arranged on the second surface of the cutter head 1, the spraying head 42 and the cutter 3 are positioned on the same circumference and are spaced at preset angles, and the spraying head 42 is arranged in front of the cutter 3 in the rotating direction of the cutter head 1. Specifically, the ejection head 42 may be a millimeter wave nozzle.
A first end of waveguide 43 is connected to millimeter wave generating device 41, and the first end of waveguide 43 is used to receive the millimeter waves generated by millimeter wave generating device 41. The waveguide 43 is arranged in the cutter head 1 in a penetrating manner, that is, a through hole is formed in the cutter head 1, the waveguide 43 is arranged in the through hole in a penetrating manner, the second end of the waveguide 43 is connected with the jetting head 42, and the second end of the waveguide 43 is used for conveying millimeter waves to the jetting head 42. The jetting head 42 is used to jet millimeter waves toward the rock, by which the hardness of the rock is reduced. In a specific implementation, the waveguide 43 is a pipe for transmitting millimeter waves and is made of metal.
Note that, millimeter wave (MMV): the electromagnetic wave with the wavelength of 1-10 mm is positioned in the overlapping wavelength range of microwave and far infrared wave, so that the electromagnetic wave has the characteristics of two wave spectrums. The penetration depth of the millimeter waves is inversely proportional to the frequency, and the penetration depth of the millimeter waves in the lossy medium is in the millimeter level; because the wavelength of the millimeter wave is longer than that of microwaves, lasers and the like, the interference loss caused by rocks or particles in the transmission process is smaller. The energy absorption density is in direct proportion to the frequency during heating, the higher the frequency is, the faster the medium absorbs energy, the total energy transmission is not influenced, and the energy conversion efficiency is unchanged. Compared with microwaves, the millimeter wave energy density is high, the correspondingly heated target carrier is compact in structure, and energy absorption is faster. Based on the advantages, the millimeter waves generated by the millimeter wave generating device 41 are directly radiated on the surface of the rock along the waveguide 43, the rock is heated by the heating action of the millimeter waves, the rock is gradually cracked and cracked under the action of thermal stress even along with the gradual rise of the temperature, the rock is continuously heated and even the rock is melted, and the hardness of the rock can be greatly reduced.
In a specific implementation, the millimeter wave generating device 41 may be a millimeter wave generating device in the prior art, and may include: a power supply, a cyclotron, and the like, and the structure of the millimeter wave generator 41 will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
In particular, in the rotation direction of the cutter head 1, the spray head 42 is always positioned in front of the cutter 3 regardless of whether the cutter head 1 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. Therefore, the millimeter waves sprayed by the spray head 42 firstly reduce the hardness of the rock, and then the cutter 3 can cut the rock with the reduced hardness, so that the cutter 3 can conveniently cut the rock, and the rock breaking capacity is improved.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, millimeter waves are generated by the millimeter wave generating device 41, the millimeter waves are sprayed into the rock through the waveguide 43 and the spray head 42, and the rock is heated by the millimeter waves, so that cracks or cracks appear in the rock, the hardness of the rock can be greatly reduced, the cutting by the cutter 3 is facilitated, the structure is simple, and the implementation is facilitated.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in the above embodiment, the auxiliary mechanism 4 may further include: and an isolator 44. Wherein the isolator 44 is provided to the waveguide 43, and the isolator 44 is provided near the millimeter wave generating device 41, that is, the isolator 44 is provided near the first end of the waveguide 43. The isolator 44 is a transmission device, and is used to remove impurities from the millimeter waves generated by the millimeter wave generator 41, so as to ensure the purity of the millimeter waves.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in the above embodiment, the auxiliary mechanism 4 may further include: a stopper 45. The blocking member 45 is disposed inside the waveguide 43, and the blocking member 45 is disposed close to the jetting head 42, that is, the blocking member 45 is disposed close to the second end of the waveguide 43 and embedded in the waveguide 43. The blocking member 45 is used for conveying millimeter waves to ensure that the millimeter waves are conveyed into the ejection head 42, and the blocking member 45 is also used for preventing sundries, dust, debris and the like from entering the waveguide 43, protecting the waveguide 43 and ensuring the purity of the millimeter waves.
In particular implementations, the barrier 45 may be a millimeter wave transmissive slide-like device.
In the above embodiments, the cutter head 1 has a circular cross section, and one cutter 3 and one auxiliary mechanism 4 form one cutting group, which may be a plurality of cutting groups, and each cutting group is uniformly distributed on the second surface of the cutter head 1 along the circumferential direction of the cutter head 1. In particular, in each cutting group, the auxiliary means 4 are placed in front of the knives 3, in the direction of rotation of the cutterhead 1. The rock is cut by the plurality of cutting groups simultaneously, so that the rock breaking capacity is greatly improved, and the tunneling efficiency is improved.
In specific implementation, the number of the cutting groups may be determined according to actual conditions, and this embodiment does not limit this.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the above embodiments, the hard rock ripping apparatus may further include: and a cooling device 5. The cooling device 5 is arranged on the cutter head 1, and the cooling device 5 is arranged between the cutter head 1 and the auxiliary mechanism 4. The millimeter waves heat the rock after the rock is sprayed, so that the temperature of the rock is increased, the heated rock is chilled by the cooling device 5, cracks are induced in the rock, the hardness of the rock is further weakened, the cutting of the cutter 3 is facilitated, the rock breaking capacity is improved, and the cutter 3 is protected. And, at the in-process of cutting rock, cutter 3 constantly acts on the rock and can make self temperature rise, and cooling device 5 cools off cooling to cutter 3, prevents that 3 temperature of cutter from being overheated, influences cutter 3's life, further protects cutter 3.
With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, in the above-described embodiment, the cooling device 5 may include: a delivery tube 51 and a nozzle 52. The nozzle 52 is provided on the second surface of the cutter head 1. The first end of the delivery pipe 51 is disposed outside the first surface of the cutter head 1, the first end of the delivery pipe 51 may be connected to a coolant tank 53, the coolant tank 53 stores coolant, and the first end of the delivery pipe 51 is configured to receive the coolant. Specifically, a supporting device may be provided on the first surface of the cutter head 1, and the coolant tank 53 may be provided on the supporting device, so that when the cutter head 1 rotates, the coolant tank 53 can rotate along with the cutter head 1, thereby continuously supplying the coolant.
In a specific implementation, the cooling liquid has a preset temperature, and the preset temperature may be determined according to actual conditions, which is not limited in this embodiment. In particular, the cooling fluid may be water.
The conveying pipe 51 is arranged in the cutter head 1 in a penetrating manner, that is, a through hole is formed in the cutter head 1, the conveying pipe 51 is arranged in the through hole in a penetrating manner, the second end of the conveying pipe 51 is connected with the nozzle 52, and the second end of the conveying pipe 51 is used for conveying the cooling liquid to the nozzle 52. The nozzle 52 is adapted to receive the cooling liquid supplied from the supply pipe 51 and to spray the cooling liquid.
In specific implementation, the cutter 3, the spray head 42 and the nozzle 52 are all located on the same circumference, and any two of the cutter, the spray head and the nozzle are spaced by a preset distance. I.e. on any one of the circumferences of the second face of the cutter head 1, there is a predetermined distance between any two of the cutters 3, the spray heads 42 and the nozzles 52.
In a specific use, the spray head 42 is always arranged in front of the cutter 3 and the nozzle 52 is always arranged between the spray head 42 and the cutter 3 in the rotation direction of the cutter head 1. In this way, the millimeter waves sprayed by the spray head 42 firstly reduce the hardness of the rock, then the cutter 3 will cut the rock with the reduced hardness, and the cooling liquid sprayed by the spray nozzle 52 not only chills the rock, but also cools the cutter 3.
It can be seen that, in the present embodiment, the cooling device 5 has a simple structure and is easy to implement.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, in the above embodiments, the cutter head 1 has a circular cross section, and a cutter 3, an auxiliary mechanism 4 and a cooling mechanism form a cutting group 7. In this cutting group 7, the cooling mechanism is interposed between the cutter 3 and the assist mechanism 4, i.e., on the second face of the cutter head 1, and the nozzle 52 is interposed between the cutter 3 and the ejection head 42. The auxiliary mechanism 4 is disposed in front of the cutter 3 in the rotation direction of the cutter head 1, that is, the jet head 42, the nozzle 52, and the cutter 3 are arranged in this order. The number of the cutting groups 7 can be multiple, and each cutting group 7 is uniformly distributed from the center of the cutter disc 1 to the edge of the cutter disc 1 along the radial direction of the cutter disc 1, so that a cutting array 8 is formed.
The cutting rows 8 can be a plurality of cutting rows, and the cutting rows 8 are uniformly distributed on the second surface of the cutter head 1 along the circumferential direction of the cutter head 1.
In specific implementation, the number of the cutting groups 7 and the number of the cutting rows 8 can be determined according to actual situations, and this embodiment does not limit this. Referring to fig. 4, the number of the cutting lines 8 is four, and the four cutting lines 8 are respectively arranged on two perpendicular diameters.
It can be seen that in the embodiment, one cutting column 8 is formed by the plurality of cutting groups 7, so that the plurality of cutters 3 can simultaneously cut the rock, and it is ensured that the cutters 3 all cut the rock in the same manner, the hardness of the rock is reduced by the plurality of auxiliary mechanisms 4, and the hardness of the rock is further reduced by the plurality of cooling mechanisms, so that the cutters 3 can be cut conveniently to the maximum extent, the rock breaking capacity of the cutters 3 is improved, the loss of the cutters 3 is avoided, and the cutters 3 are effectively protected.
With reference to fig. 1 to 5, the use of the hard rock ripping apparatus will be described: during the tunneling process, the driving device 2 drives the rotating shaft 6 to rotate, and then drives the cutter head 1 to rotate. Meanwhile, the millimeter wave generating device 41 generates millimeter waves, the millimeter waves are subjected to impurity removal through the isolator 44 and then are conveyed to the injection head 42 along the waveguide tube 43, the millimeter waves are injected to the rock through the injection head 42, and cracks or cracks are generated on the rock due to the heating effect of the millimeter waves on the rock. At the same time, the tool 3 is constantly cutting the rock. Meanwhile, the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid storage tank 53 is conveyed to the nozzle 52 through the conveying pipe 51, the nozzle 52 sprays the cooling liquid onto the rock, the rock can be chilled due to the fact that the temperature of the rock is high under the millimeter wave heating effect, cracking or breaking of the rock is accelerated, hardness of the rock is further reduced, and the cooling liquid can be sprayed onto the cutter 3 to cool the cutter 3, so that the cutter 3 is protected. Like this, cutter 3 is constantly cut the rock under drive arrangement 2's drive, and the broken rock excavation of extrusion is carried out the rock piece of digging out under cleaning device's effect and is carried out subsequent processing to realize quick tunnelling.
To sum up, in this embodiment, through the auxiliary machanism 4 auxiliary tool 3 cutting rock, can cut the rock effectively, improved the broken rock ability of hard rock entry driving device, avoided the loss of cutter 3, prolonged the life of cutter 3, and then reduced the change number of times of cutter 3, improved broken rock efficiency and efficiency of construction greatly, especially to high strength rock, more can cut the rock high-efficiently.
The embodiment of the hard rock tunneling method comprises the following steps:
the embodiment also provides a hard rock tunneling method, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, controlling the cutter head to rotate, wherein an auxiliary mechanism on the cutter head acts on the rock to reduce the hardness of the rock, and meanwhile, a cutter on the cutter head cuts the rock.
Specifically, the hard rock tunneling method is a method for performing hard rock tunneling by using the hard rock tunneling device in the embodiment of the hard rock tunneling device. This hard rock tunnelling device includes: the cutter comprises a cutter head 1, a driving device 2, a cutter 3 and an auxiliary mechanism 4. The driving device 2 is arranged on a first surface of the cutter head 1, the cutter 3 is arranged on a second surface of the cutter head 1, and the second surface and the first surface are two opposite surfaces. The auxiliary mechanism 4 is arranged on the cutter head 1, the auxiliary mechanism 4 acts on the rock to reduce the hardness of the rock, and then the auxiliary cutter 3 cuts the rock. The specific implementation process of the hard rock tunneling device can be referred to the above description, and this embodiment is not described again.
In operation, the cutter head 1 is driven by the driving device 2 to rotate, and simultaneously drives the cutter 3 and the auxiliary mechanism 4 to rotate together, so as to cut the rock.
Preferably, the assistance mechanism 4 comprises: the millimeter wave generator 41 is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head 1, the millimeter wave generator 41 is used for generating millimeter waves, the first end of the waveguide 42 is connected with the millimeter wave generator 41, the second end of the waveguide 43 is connected with the injector 42, and the injector 42 is arranged on the second surface of the cutter head 1. The waveguide 43 is used to deliver millimeter waves to the injector head 42, and the injector head 42 is used to inject millimeter waves toward the rock, by which the hardness of the rock is reduced.
In operation, the driving device 2 drives the cutter head 1 to rotate. Meanwhile, millimeter wave generating device 41 generates millimeter waves, the millimeter waves are conveyed to spray head 42 along waveguide 43, the millimeter waves are sprayed onto the rock by spray head 42, and cracks or fissures are generated on the rock by the heating effect of the millimeter waves on the rock. At the same time, the tool 3 is constantly cutting the rock. Like this, cutter 3 constantly cuts the rock under drive arrangement 2's drive, and the broken rock excavation of extrusion is carried out the rock piece down and is carried out subsequent processing under cleaning device's effect to realize the speedy drivage.
It can be seen that in this embodiment, reduce the hardness of rock through complementary unit and cut the rock with the auxiliary tool, can cut the rock effectively, improved the broken rock ability of hard rock entry driving device, avoided the loss of cutter, prolonged the life of cutter, and then reduced the change number of times of cutter, improved broken rock efficiency and efficiency of construction greatly, especially to high strength rock, more can cut the rock high-efficiently.
It should be noted that the hard rock tunneling device and the hard rock tunneling method in the present invention have the same principle, and the relevant points can be referred to each other.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A hard rock ripping apparatus, characterized by comprising:
a cutter head (1);
the driving device (2) is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head (1) and is used for driving the cutter head (1) to rotate;
the cutter (3) is arranged on a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the cutter disc (1) and is used for cutting rocks;
the auxiliary mechanism (4) is arranged on the cutter head (1) and is used for assisting the cutter (3) to cut rocks; the auxiliary mechanism (4) is used for assisting the cutter (3) to cut the rock by reducing the hardness of the rock; in the rotation direction of the cutter head (1), the auxiliary mechanism (4) is arranged in front of the cutter (3); the section of the cutter head (1) is circular, and the cutter (3) and the auxiliary mechanism (4) are positioned on the same circumference and are spaced at a preset distance;
the cooling device (5) is arranged on the cutter head (1), is arranged between the cutter (3) and the auxiliary mechanism (4), and is used for cooling the rock;
the section of the cutter head (1) is circular; the cutter (3) and the auxiliary mechanism (4) form a plurality of cutting groups, and the cutting groups are uniformly distributed on the cutter disc (1) along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc (1); or,
the section of the cutter head (1) is circular; the cutter (3), the auxiliary mechanism (4) and the cooling mechanism (5) form a plurality of cutting groups (7), and the cutting groups (7) are uniformly distributed from the center to the edge of the cutter (1) along the radial direction of the cutter (1) to form a cutting row (8);
the cutting rows (8) are multiple, and the cutting rows (8) are uniformly distributed on the cutter head (1) along the circumferential direction of the cutter head (1).
2. A hard rock ripper device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary mechanism (4) includes:
the millimeter wave generating device (41) is arranged on the first surface of the cutter head (1) and is used for generating millimeter waves;
a jet head (42) provided on a second surface of the cutter head (1);
a waveguide (43) for conveying the millimeter waves generated by the millimeter wave generating device (41) to the ejection head (42);
wherein the spray head (42) is for spraying the millimeter waves towards the rock.
3. A hard rock ripping apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the assist mechanism (4) further includes:
and the isolator (44) is arranged on the waveguide tube (43), is close to the millimeter wave generating device (41), and is used for removing impurities from the millimeter waves.
4. A hard rock ripper device according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary mechanism (4) further includes:
and a blocking member (45) which is provided inside the waveguide (43) and is close to the ejection head (42) and which is used for conveying millimeter waves and preventing foreign matters from entering the waveguide (43).
5. A hard rock ripper as defined in claim 1, wherein the cooling device (5) includes:
a nozzle (52) provided on a second surface of the cutter head (1);
the first end of the conveying pipe (51) is arranged on the outer side of the first surface of the cutter head (1) and used for receiving cooling liquid, the conveying pipe (51) penetrates through the cutter head (1), and the second end of the conveying pipe (51) is connected with the nozzle (52);
the nozzle (52) is used for receiving and spraying the cooling liquid conveyed by the conveying pipe (51).
6. A hard rock ripping method using the hard rock ripping apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
and controlling the cutter head to rotate, wherein an auxiliary mechanism on the cutter head acts on the rock to reduce the hardness of the rock, and meanwhile, a cutter on the cutter head cuts the rock.
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| CN113063618B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-11-30 | 盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室 | Microwave-assisted rotary rock breaking TBM tunneling test bed |
| CN113216996A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-06 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Laser-assisted rock breaking device and method for shield machine |
| CN113790060B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Drilling and tunneling equipment and method |
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| CN102261250A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | 三一重型装备有限公司 | Hydraulic crushing-type excavator for hard rock |
| CN104563885A (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit |
| CN204804691U (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-11-25 | 北京加华维尔能源技术有限公司 | Drilling rig is assisted to millimeter wave |
| CN106884662B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2021-04-20 | 大连理工大学 | Laser-assisted tunneling machine and rock breaking method thereof |
| CN108756915A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-06 | 中铁高新工业股份有限公司 | A kind of laser assisted rock breaking method for TBM |
| CN108487914A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-09-04 | 纽敦光电科技（上海）有限公司 | A kind of laser assisted broken rock equipment |
| CN109555531A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-04-02 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | A kind of development machine and its driving method using laser rock fragmenting |
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