CN112575238A - Self-lubricating wear-resistant material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Self-lubricating wear-resistant material and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112575238A CN112575238A CN201910923493.9A CN201910923493A CN112575238A CN 112575238 A CN112575238 A CN 112575238A CN 201910923493 A CN201910923493 A CN 201910923493A CN 112575238 A CN112575238 A CN 112575238A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a wear-resistant material with self-lubricating function, which comprises the following steps: heating the raw material to form molten iron, wherein the raw material comprises carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms are in a supersaturated state, so that the carbon atoms in the raw material are in a local aggregation state, and part of the carbon atoms are in a free state; cooling the heated molten iron, wherein the carbon atoms are still in a supersaturated state, and the carbon atoms in a free state are preferentially precipitated to form graphite; further cooling the molten iron to precipitate primary cementite from the raw material from which the graphite portion is removed; forming at least a portion of the primary cementite into cementite and austenite by eutectic transformation; the molten iron is further cooled to transform the austenite into martensite. The preparation process realizes one-time precipitation of graphite, cementite and martensite, and does not need annealing treatment to obtain graphite, so that the wear resistance of the wear-resistant material is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-lubricating wear-resistant material and a preparation process thereof.
Background
At present, in the use of wear-resistant white cast iron, the content of alloying elements is increased to increase the content of carbon compounds and to stabilize the structure of the matrix in order to improve the wear resistance thereof, but the life of the above alloying elements in a dry friction or boundary friction state is not very desirable. In order to solve this technical problem and to prolong the service life of wear-resistant white cast iron, it is common practice to include free self-lubricating materials (e.g. graphite) in the structure. The above objects can be achieved by powder metallurgy, but the wear resistance of the product using powder metallurgy is seriously affected due to the inconsistency of the matrix of the product and the like. Simultaneous presence of graphite and cementite can also be achieved directly by casting, but in this way major technical problems arise. In addition, the above object can be similarly achieved by subjecting cast white cast iron to graphitization annealing treatment to partially decompose fine graphite in cementite, for example, patent publication No. CN1667133A, but the decomposition of cementite reduces wear resistance of the product and affects the service life.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation process capable of directly precipitating graphite and cementite in the casting process, and the volume of the precipitated graphite is far larger than that of the graphite precipitated by annealing in heat treatment, so that the self-lubricating effect and the heat dissipation effect of the graphite are better than those of the graphite precipitated by annealing in a heat treatment mode.
A preparation process of a wear-resistant material with self-lubrication comprises the following steps:
heating the raw material to form molten iron, wherein the raw material comprises carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms are in a supersaturated state, so that the carbon atoms in the raw material are in a local aggregation state, and part of the carbon atoms are in a free state;
cooling the heated molten iron, wherein the carbon atoms are still in a supersaturated state, and the carbon atoms in a free state are preferentially precipitated to form graphite;
further cooling the molten iron to precipitate primary cementite from the molten iron with graphite removed;
forming at least a portion of the primary cementite into cementite and austenite by eutectic transformation;
further cooling the molten iron to transform the austenite into martensite.
Further, the chemical composition of the raw materials is as follows by mass fraction:
C：2.8～4.5；
Si：1.0～3.0；
Mn：0.2～1.5；
Cr：1.0～20；
Ni：1～10；
Mo：0.5～12；
V：0～3.0；
P:0.01～1.0。
further, in the step of heating the raw materials to form molten iron, the heating temperature is 1400-1600 ℃.
Further, in the step of cooling the heated molten iron, wherein the carbon atoms are in a supersaturated state and the carbon atoms in a free state are precipitated to form graphite, the cooling temperature is 1350-1450 ℃, and the raw material is still in a molten iron state.
Further, in the step of "further cooling the molten iron to precipitate primary cementite from the molten iron without the graphite part", the cooling temperature is equal to or higher than the eutectic temperature point, and the cooling temperature is 1350-1400 ℃.
Further, the graphite is spherical or flaky.
The invention also comprises a wear-resistant material with self-lubrication, which is prepared by the preparation process.
Further, the self-lubricated wear-resistant material includes the graphite, the cementite, and the martensite.
Further, the sliding limit linear speed of the wear-resistant material with the self-lubricating function is 12-14 m/s.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. graphite and cementite are directly precipitated in the casting process, so that the wear resistance of the wear-resistant material is not influenced;
2. the volume of the graphite precipitated by adopting the preparation process is far larger than that of the graphite precipitated by adopting annealing treatment, so that the self-lubricating effect and the heat dissipation effect of the wear-resistant material prepared by adopting the preparation process are better than those of a heat treatment mode.
3. The preparation process omits the graphitization annealing treatment process, can save energy, shorten the working procedure time and improve the casting efficiency.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of a self-lubricated wear-resistant material with 100 times of non-corrosion in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure showing 50 times corrosion of a self-lubricating wear-resistant material according to an example of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a metallographic structure showing 100 times corrosion of a wear-resistant material with self-lubrication according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a process for preparing a self-lubricating wear-resistant material, wherein in one embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials comprise, by mass:
| composition (I) | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | V | P |
| Mass fraction | 2.8～4.5 | 1.0～3.0 | 0.2～1.5 | 1.0～20 | 1～10 | 0.5～12 | 0～4.0 | 0.01～1.0 |
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
first, the raw material is heated to molten iron. The heating temperature is 1400-1600 ℃; wherein the raw material comprises carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms are in a supersaturated state, so that the carbon atoms in the raw material are in a local aggregation state, and part of the carbon atoms are in a free state.
And then, rapidly cooling the heated raw material at 1350-1450 ℃, wherein the raw material in the molten iron state is still in the molten iron state without being solidified in the cooling process, and the carbon atoms are still in the supersaturated state. During the cooling process, the carbon atoms in the free state are preferentially precipitated to form graphite. The graphite is spherical or flake.
Next, the molten iron is further cooled to precipitate primary cementite from the molten iron from which the graphite portion is removed. In the cooling process, the cooling temperature is above the eutectic temperature point and is 1350-1400 ℃. It will be appreciated that the carbon atoms in the raw material are supersaturated so that not all of the carbon atoms in the raw material precipitate as graphite, and that some of the carbon atoms do not precipitate as graphite, so that some of the carbon atoms remaining in the raw material precipitate as primary cementite during further cooling.
Then, at least part of the primary cementite is transformed into cementite and austenite having high hardness by eutectic transformation.
Finally, the molten iron is further cooled to transform austenite into martensite. In the cooling process, the cooling temperature depends on the distribution coefficient of each element in the raw material and the chemical composition of the matrix.
In the existing preparation process, cementite is generally precipitated first, and then graphite is precipitated through annealing treatment. By adopting the preparation process, the simultaneous existence of graphite, cementite and martensite is realized in one-time preparation process, and the preparation method has breakthrough significance. The raw materials are adopted to cast the wear-resistant material, and particularly, carbon atoms in the raw materials are in a supersaturated state, so that the carbon atoms in molten iron are in a local aggregation state, and part of the carbon atoms are in a free state. Therefore, in the cooling process, the carbon atoms in a free state can be directly separated out to form graphite, and the residual carbon atoms in the raw materials are separated out to form cementite. By adopting the preparation process, the wear resistance of the wear-resistant material is not reduced due to the decomposition of cementite, and the service life of the wear-resistant material is prolonged. In addition, carbon atoms in the raw material are in a supersaturated state, so that the volume of the graphite obtained by the process is far larger than that of the graphite precipitated by heat treatment annealing, and the sub-lubricating effect and the heat dissipation effect of the wear-resistant material are better. In addition, the preparation process omits the graphitization annealing treatment process, can save energy, shortens the preparation process time and improves the production efficiency.
The invention also comprises the wear-resistant material with self-lubricating property prepared by the preparation process. The metallographic structure of the wear-resistant material is shown in figures 1-3.
The wear resistant material includes graphite, cementite, and martensite. The wear-resistant material comprises graphite with larger volume, so that the wear-resistant material has a self-lubricating effect, and the service life of the wear-resistant material in a dry friction state is prolonged. In the existing materials, the sliding linear speed limit is usually 8m/s, however, the sliding linear speed of the wear-resistant material can reach 12-14 m/s.
The wear-resistant material can be used for various wear-resistant castings, such as: floating oil seal, wear-resisting lining board, bearing bush, mechanical chassis pen point and joint position, etc.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation process of a wear-resistant material with self-lubrication is characterized by comprising the following steps:
heating the raw material to form molten iron, wherein the raw material comprises carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms are in a supersaturated state, so that the carbon atoms in the raw material are in a local aggregation state, and part of the carbon atoms are in a free state;
cooling the heated molten iron, wherein the carbon atoms are still in a supersaturated state, and the carbon atoms in a free state are preferentially precipitated to form graphite;
further cooling the molten iron to precipitate primary cementite from the molten iron from which the graphite part is removed;
forming at least a portion of the primary cementite into cementite and austenite by eutectic transformation;
further cooling the molten iron to transform the austenite into martensite.
2. The process for preparing a self-lubricating, wear-resistant material according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the raw materials is, in mass fractions:
C：2.8～4.5；
Si：1.0～3.0；
Mn：0.2～1.5；
Cr：1.0～20；
Ni：1～10；
Mo：0.5～12；
V：0～3.0；
P:0.01～1.0。
3. the process for preparing the self-lubricating wear-resistant material according to claim 2, wherein in the step of heating the raw materials into molten iron, the heating temperature is 1400-1600 ℃.
4. The process for preparing the self-lubricating wear-resistant material according to claim 2, wherein in the step of cooling the heated molten iron, the carbon atoms are still in a supersaturated state, and the carbon atoms in a free state are preferentially precipitated to form graphite, the cooling temperature is 1350-1450 ℃, and the raw material is still in a molten iron state.
5. The process for preparing a self-lubricating wear-resistant material according to claim 2, wherein the cooling temperature is above the eutectic temperature point and is 1350-1400 ℃ in the step of further cooling the molten iron to precipitate primary cementite from the molten iron with the graphite parts removed.
6. The process for preparing a self-lubricating wear-resistant material according to claim 2, wherein the graphite is spherical or flaky.
7. The self-lubricating wear-resistant material is prepared according to the preparation process of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The self-lubricating abradable material of claim 7, comprising the graphite, the cementite, and the martensite.
9. The self-lubricating abradable material of claim 7, wherein the linear speed of the sliding limit of the self-lubricating abradable material is 12-14 m/s.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114990421A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-02 | 西安理工大学 | Water-tough and aluminum-adhesion-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter and preparation method thereof |
| CN115491578A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-20 | 西安理工大学 | Material for high-performance aluminum alloy cutting tool and preparation method thereof |
| CN115710679A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-02-24 | 西安共晶金属科技有限公司 | Carbide precipitation hardening type austenitic steel/spherical graphite composite material section bar and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1106981A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1995-08-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | Wear- and seizure-resistant roll for hot rolling |
| CN109750218A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-05-14 | 西安理工大学 | Self-lubricating wear-resistant eutectic graphite steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1045424A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-09-19 | 山东省新材料研究所 | A kind of antifriction cast iron and production method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114990421A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-02 | 西安理工大学 | Water-tough and aluminum-adhesion-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter and preparation method thereof |
| CN115491578A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-20 | 西安理工大学 | Material for high-performance aluminum alloy cutting tool and preparation method thereof |
| CN115710679A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-02-24 | 西安共晶金属科技有限公司 | Carbide precipitation hardening type austenitic steel/spherical graphite composite material section bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN115710679B (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-10-31 | 西安共晶金属科技有限公司 | Carbide precipitation hardening austenitic steel/spherical graphite composite material profile and preparation method thereof |
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