CN112574549A - Flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule and preparation method and use method thereof - Google Patents
Flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule and preparation method and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/10—Encapsulated ingredients
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
- C08K5/5333—Esters of phosphonic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
- C08K2003/323—Ammonium polyphosphate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule and a preparation method and a use method thereof, wherein the flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule consists of a capsule wall and a capsule core substance, and comprises 10-40% of polyol, 40-55% of isocyanate, 2-10% of emulsifier, 2-10% of dispersant, 10-25% of chain extender, 0.3-0.7% of catalyst and 20-30% of flame retardant by mass. The flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule is in a regular spherical shape, the particle size is 0.5-3 mu m, the size is uniform, and the particle size is small. The flame-retardant capsule is applied to a polyurethane elastomer, the microcapsule has good dispersibility, keeps good mechanical properties of a base material, and enhances the flame-retardant property of the base material. The adding amount of the flame-retardant polyurethane capsule in the elastomer raw material is 1-3% of the mass of the polyalcohol component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flame-retardant polyurethane materials, in particular to a flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Polyurethane is widely applied to the fields of transportation, construction, aerospace and the like, is extremely easy to burn, and belongs to flammable materials. At present, the most common method for improving the flame retardant property of polyurethane at home and abroad is to add a flame retardant. The environmental protection and easy storage of the flame retardant are the biggest requirements for the application of the flame retardant. The microcapsule technology is a processing technology in which a core material is coated by a natural or synthetic polymer material to form a nano-scale skin-core structure, so as to change the physicochemical properties of the core material or control the slow release of the core material. The primary function of the microcapsules is to control the transport behavior of the substance. The shell material of the microcapsules must have the ability to control the diffusion of the substance into the microcapsules or out of the microcapsules. The technology is widely applied to the fields of agriculture, food, medicine and the like to achieve the effects that slow release, special finishing and the like cannot be achieved through common technical means. Nowadays, the microcapsule is also applied in the flame retardant direction, toxic and difficultly-stored flame retardants are wrapped by the microcapsule technology and used in the fields of coatings, textiles and the like, so that the effects of slow release, flame retardance enhancement and substrate compatibility enhancement are achieved.
In CN 103951774B, "a method for preparing polyurethane capsules", an oil-soluble substance, a urethane acrylate oligomer, a photoinitiator, and the like are dissolved in an organic solvent to obtain an oil phase, then the oil phase is added to a metered aqueous solution of an emulsifier, and the mixture is sheared to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion, and the suspension obtained under the ultraviolet irradiation condition is washed and dried to obtain polyurethane capsule powder. In the preparation process, an organic reagent is used as an oil phase solvent, so that pollution exists. The spherical capsule has a particle size range of 10 nm-10 mm, a wide particle size range and a large size.
In patent document CN 1936170 a, "preparation method of polyurethane aromatic microcapsule", polyisocyanate, essence and cyclohexane are combined into an oil phase, polyethylene glycol and acetone are added into the oil phase, mixed and then dropped into a water phase composed of sodium hydroxide, sodium alginate and deionized water, and the mixture reacts for 1-1.5h at 50-70 ℃ to obtain capsule emulsion. The preparation method related to the patent uses two solvents of cyclohexane and acetone, has the problem of environmental pollution, and has the particle size of 20-40 mu m and large capsule size.
In the synthesis research and characterization of diammonium hydrogen phosphate/polyurethane flame-retardant microcapsule interfacial polymerization method disclosed in pages 24-28 of 'novel building materials' in 11 th stage 2009 by Hujiaqing, Zhengzhixian, Pickweed and the like, the diamine hydrogen phosphate polyurethane flame-retardant microcapsule prepared by using ethylene glycol as a hydrophilic monomer and Desmodur N-3390 as an oil-soluble monomer is prepared by adopting an interfacial polymerization method, toluene is used as a solvent in the preparation process, the process pollutes the environment, the average particle size of the capsule is 40 mu m, and the capsule size is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule. The microcapsule is in a regular spherical shape, and has uniform size and small particle size.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule, which is free of solvent, green and environment-friendly and simple in process.
The third technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the application of the flame-retardant microcapsule. Has better flame retardant effect under the condition of lower effective content of the flame retardant.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the invention provides a flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule which comprises a capsule wall and a capsule core substance, and comprises 10-40% of polyol, 40-55% of isocyanate, 2-10% of emulsifier, 2-10% of dispersant, 10-25% of chain extender, 0.3-0.7% of catalyst and 20-30% of flame retardant by mass.
The polyol is a macromolecular polyol, mainly comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG), Polytetrahydrofuran (PTMG), Polycaprolactone (PCL) or Polycarbonate (PC) and the like, and has a number average molecular weight of generally 200-2000, preferably 400-1000.
The isocyanate is one of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and the like, and Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) is preferred.
The emulsifier used in the invention is at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, tween-80, span-80, NP-10, OP-10, PVA, peregal O-20 and the like.
The dispersant is at least one of sodium alginate, polyethylene and the like.
The flame retardant is at least one of Doher-6208, ammonium polyphosphate, triphenyl phosphate, dimethyl methyl phosphonate, tris (2, 3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and the like.
The chain extender is at least one of small molecular alcohols, such as 1, 4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, dimethylolpropionic acid or dimethylolbutyric acid.
The catalyst is at least one of triethylene diamine, stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, 33% triethylene diamine and the like.
The flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule is in a regular spherical shape, the particle size is 0.5-3 mu m, the size is uniform, and the particle size is small. The flame-retardant capsule is applied to a polyurethane elastomer, the microcapsule has good dispersibility, keeps good mechanical properties of a base material, and enhances the flame-retardant property of the base material.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the invention provides a method for preparing a flame-retardant polyurethane capsule, which comprises the following steps:
(1) reacting polyol and isocyanate at 80-85 ℃ for 2h to obtain a prepolymer for later use;
(2) adding an emulsifier and a dispersant into deionized water at 90 ℃, stirring to dissolve the emulsifier and the dispersant, and then placing the mixture to room temperature;
(3) adding a flame retardant, and stirring and dispersing for 10-30 min at the rotating speed of 3000-3500 rpm;
(4) adding a chain extender and a catalyst, and continuously stirring and dispersing for 5-15 min at 3000-3500 rpm;
(5) and (2) adding the prepolymer in the step (1), keeping the stirring speed of 3000-3500 rpm, reacting at normal temperature for 2h, and drying to obtain the flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule powder.
The preparation method has the advantages of no solvent, simple process and environmental protection.
In order to solve the third technical problem, the invention provides a method for preparing a polyurethane elastomer by using the flame-retardant microcapsule, wherein the flame-retardant microcapsule with the mass fraction of 1-3 percent is added into the polyol component which is the raw material of the elastomer.
Further, the preparation method adopts a two-step method and comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule powder into a polyol component in a mass fraction of 1-3%, and dehydrating for later use.
(2) Adding metered isocyanate to obtain the elastomer containing the flame-retardant microcapsules.
The flame-retardant elastomer developed by the method has excellent mechanical properties, is easy to process, and has good flame retardant property under the condition of low effective flame retardant content.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is SEM electron microscope image of polyurethane microcapsule prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Preparing microcapsules: (1) reacting 100g of PEG1000 with 210g T-80 at 80-85 ℃ for 2h for later use; (2) 1.23g of emulsifier: sodium lauryl sulfate and 1.23g of dispersant: adding sodium alginate into deionized water at 90 ℃, stirring to dissolve the sodium alginate, and then placing the mixture to room temperature; (3) adding 10g of flame retardant into the solution (2), and stirring and dispersing at the rotating speed of 3000rpm for 20 min; (4) adding 5.26g of BDO and 0.15g T12 into the mixture obtained in the step (2), and maintaining the mixture at the rotating speed of 3000rpm for dispersing for 10 min; (5) and (3) adding 17.6g of the prepared prepolymer (1) into the prepolymer (2), increasing the rotating speed to 3500rpm, continuously stirring for reaction for 2 hours, and drying to obtain the flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule powder. The SEM is shown in FIG. 1.
Preparation of elastomer:
(1) mixing 1.26g of prepared flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule powder with 100g of polyol, heating and stirring, raising the temperature of the mixture to 90-120 ℃, and carrying out vacuum dehydration for 1-3 h and cooling to room temperature for later use;
(2) heating the dehydrated polyol in the step (1) to 60-90 ℃, adding 26.2g of PM200, mixing, stirring, degassing, and pouring into a mold at 100-110 ℃; and curing the demoulded product in an oven at the temperature of 90-120 ℃ for 16-24 hours. A sample of flame retarded elastomer was prepared having a 1% microcapsule level wherein the effective level of flame retardant was 0.067 g.
Example 2
Preparing microcapsules: (1) reacting 100g of PEG1000 with 150g T-80 at 80-85 ℃ for 2h for later use; (2) 1.23g of emulsifier: sodium lauryl sulfate and 1.23g of dispersant: adding sodium alginate into deionized water at 90 ℃, stirring to dissolve the sodium alginate, and then placing the mixture to room temperature; (3) adding 10g of flame retardant into the solution (2), and stirring and dispersing for 20min at the rotating speed of 3300 rpm; (4) adding 5.26g of BDO and 0.12g T12 into the mixture obtained in the step (2), and maintaining the dispersion for 10min at the rotating speed of 3300 rpm; (5) adding 17.6g of the spare prepolymer (1) into the prepolymer (2), increasing the rotating speed to 3500rpm, continuing stirring for reaction for 2 hours, and drying to obtain flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule powder;
preparation of elastomer:
(1) mixing 3.78g of prepared flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule powder with 100g of polyol, heating and stirring, raising the temperature of the mixture to 90-120 ℃, and carrying out vacuum dehydration for 1-3 h and cooling to room temperature for later use;
(2) heating the dehydrated polyol (1) to 60-90 ℃, adding 26.2g of PM200, mixing, stirring, degassing, and pouring into a mold at 100-110 ℃; and curing the demoulded product in an oven at the temperature of 90-120 ℃ for 16-24 hours. A sample of flame retarded elastomer having a 3% microcapsule level (where the effective level of flame retardant is 0.2g) was prepared.
Comparative example
(1) Heating and stirring 100g of polyol, heating the material to 90-120 ℃, dehydrating in vacuum for 1-3 h, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
(2) adding 1.26g of flame retardant and 26.2g of PM200 into the mixture obtained in the step (1), mixing, stirring, degassing, and pouring into a mold at 100-110 ℃; and curing the demoulded product in an oven at the temperature of 90-120 ℃ for 16-24 hours. Elastomer samples were prepared.
The properties of the materials obtained in the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of materials obtained in examples and comparative examples
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Comparative example |
| hardness/Shore A | 62 | 62 | 62 |
| Effective content of flame retardant/g | 0.067 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 1.71 | 1.96 | 1.32 |
| Elongation/percent | 58.9 | 51.3 | 43.4 |
| Oxygen index (%) | 23.8 | 24.5 | 22.1 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the flame retardants microencapsulated in examples 1 and 2 had higher oxygen indexes of 23.8% and 24.5% than those of comparative example 1g under the conditions of effective flame retardant contents of 0.067g and 0.2g, and maintained the same mechanical properties as those of comparative example. The microcapsule disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the effective content of less flame retardant is higher in flame retardant effect under the condition that the mechanical property of the base material is kept by a sample.
Claims (10)
1. A flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule is characterized by comprising a capsule wall and a capsule core substance, and comprises 10-40% of polyol, 40-55% of isocyanate, 2-10% of emulsifier, 2-10% of dispersant, 10-25% of chain extender, 0.3-0.7% of catalyst and 20-30% of flame retardant by mass.
2. The flame retardant polyurethane microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the polyol is polyethylene glycol (PEG), Polytetrahydrofuran (PTMG), Polycaprolactone (PCL) or Polycarbonate (PC).
3. The flame retardant polyurethane microcapsule according to claim 2, wherein the polyol has a number average molecular weight of 200-2000.
4. The flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate is one of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), and Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI).
5. The flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, tween-80, span-80, NP-10, OP-10, PVA, peregal O-20.
6. The flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is at least one of sodium alginate or polyethylene; the flame retardant is at least one of Doher-6208, ammonium polyphosphate, triphenyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, tris (2, 3-dichloropropyl) phosphate and tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; the chain extender is small molecular alcohols, such as at least one of 1, 4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, dimethylolpropionic acid or dimethylolbutyric acid; the catalyst is at least one of triethylene diamine, stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate or 33% triethylene diamine.
7. The flame retardant polyurethane microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant polyurethane microcapsule is in a regular spherical shape and has a particle diameter of 0.5 to 3 μm.
8. A method of preparing a flame retardant polyurethane capsule according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) reacting polyol and isocyanate at 80-85 ℃ for 2h to obtain a prepolymer for later use;
(2) adding an emulsifier and a dispersant into deionized water at 90 ℃, stirring to dissolve the emulsifier and the dispersant, and then placing the mixture to room temperature;
(3) adding a flame retardant, and stirring and dispersing for 10-30 min at the rotating speed of 3000-3500 rpm;
(4) adding a chain extender and a catalyst, and continuously stirring and dispersing for 5-15 min at 3000-3500 rpm;
(5) and (2) adding the prepolymer in the step (1), keeping the stirring speed of 3000-3500 rpm, reacting at normal temperature for 2h, and drying to obtain the flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule powder.
9. A method for using the flame-retardant polyurethane capsule as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein 1 to 3 mass percent of flame-retardant microcapsules are added to the polyol component as the raw material of the elastomer.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the preparation is performed in a one-step process comprising the steps of:
(1) adding flame-retardant polyurethane microcapsule powder into a polyol component in a mass fraction of 1-3%, and dehydrating for later use;
(2) and pouring and curing the dehydrated polyol and a metered isocyanate component to obtain the flame-retardant elastomer.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113321849A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司 | Efficient synergistic flame retardant and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115353671A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-11-18 | 山东润义金新材料科技股份有限公司 | High-airtightness dimethyl methylphosphonate flame retardant microcapsule and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113321849A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司 | Efficient synergistic flame retardant and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115353671A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-11-18 | 山东润义金新材料科技股份有限公司 | High-airtightness dimethyl methylphosphonate flame retardant microcapsule and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112574549B (en) | 2023-04-14 |
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