CN112571171B

CN112571171B - Machining method of three-pin shaft type universal joint

Info

Publication number: CN112571171B
Application number: CN202011426816.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 俞伟锋; 王伟; 张增明; 谢敏; 唐国玉
Original assignee: Maanshan Hengyongli Machinery Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Maanshan Hengyongli Machinery Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-09
Filing date: 2020-12-09
Publication date: 2021-11-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-09
Also published as: CN112571171A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for processing a three-pin shaft type universal joint, and belongs to the technical field of universal joint production. The three-pin universal joint and the positioning concave ring are expanded and fixed on a mandrel by using a first driving mechanism, and then are reversed after being ejected by using a second driving mechanism, and are installed in a matching way by using a positioning convex ring and a positioning concave ring, so that the problem of inaccurate centering and reversing angle in the traditional method is solved, the accuracy of centering and reversing angle in the process of machining the three-pin universal joint is effectively improved, errors are reduced, the precision of a product is improved, the automation degree is also improved compared with a manual operation mode, the labor intensity is reduced, the cost is also reduced, the production efficiency is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the safety of workers is also guaranteed.

Description

Machining method of three-pin shaft type universal joint

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of universal joint production, and particularly relates to a machining method of a three-pin shaft type universal joint.

Background

With the development of industry, the variety of mechanical equipment is continuously updated, the development of universal joints is also continuously updated, and various universal joints appear in the life of people and are applied to various production equipment. The universal joint is a part for realizing variable angle power transmission, is used for changing the position of the transmission axis direction, and is a joint part of a universal transmission device of an automobile driving system. The universal joint is combined with a transmission shaft and is called a universal joint transmission device.

There are many types of universal joints, such as cross-type universal joints, twin-type universal joints, triple-pin type universal joints, and the like. The three-pin shaft type universal joint has higher requirements on various aspects such as product precision and the like due to the structural characteristics. At present, for a three-pin shaft type universal joint, a traditional processing technology is that after a pin shaft is processed, the three-pin shaft type universal joint is loosened, and then the three-pin shaft type universal joint is manually rotated and reversed to be processed by workers, wherein the clamping and positioning are inaccurate (such as a three-jaw chuck is adopted for clamping and positioning) during processing, the accuracy of centering and reversing angle during processing of the three-pin shaft type universal joint cannot be ensured, the overall precision of a product is low, the caused error cannot meet the size requirement of the product, the labor intensity of a manual operation mode is high, the automation degree is low, the labor cost of single processing is high, time and manpower are wasted, the production efficiency is low, the danger that the workers are injured due to operation errors exists, and the safety of the workers cannot be ensured.

Through retrieval, relevant patents have been published on machining devices for tripod universal joints. For example, the chinese patent application No. 201120332605.2 discloses a full-automatic trigeminal universal joint cylindrical grinder device, which comprises a feeding material conveying channel, a feeding manipulator, a grinding workbench, a discharging manipulator, a discharging material conveying channel and a grinding wheel. The grinding workbench comprises an upper cover, an upper cover pressing and clamping column, a three-fork shaft clamping device, an indexing chuck, a lower cover pressing column, a lower cover, a concentric linkage shaft, a fixed base and an upper cover movable joint. The workpiece is conveyed to a designated position from the feeding conveying channel, the workpiece is clamped and conveyed to the grinding workbench by the feeding manipulator, the workpiece is ground by matching with a grinding wheel, and the workpiece is conveyed to the discharging conveying channel by the discharging manipulator after grinding is finished. Although the three-fork shaft universal joint can be processed, the structural design of the three-fork shaft universal joint is rough, and the accuracy of the centering and reversing angle of the three-fork shaft universal joint needs to be further improved.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Problems to be solved

The invention aims to solve the problems of low product precision, high labor intensity and low production efficiency caused by inaccurate centering and reversing angles in the traditional processing technology in a manual operation mode, and provides a processing method of a three-pin-shaft type universal joint. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the problems can be effectively solved, the accuracy of centering and reversing angle in the process of processing the three-pin shaft type universal joint is improved, and the precision of the product is improved; compared with a manual operation mode, the automatic control system has the advantages that the automation degree is relatively high, the labor intensity is reduced, the time and the labor are saved, the cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the safety of workers is guaranteed.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention relates to a processing method of a three-pin shaft type universal joint, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a feeding and discharging unit transports a three-pin shaft type universal joint to wait for processing;

secondly, the grabbing positioning unit grabs the three-pin shaft type universal joint from the blanking end of the feeding and blanking unit to the clamp unit for preparation;

thirdly, a first driving mechanism of the clamp unit drives the mandrel and the elastic expansion sleeve to expand the three-pin shaft type universal joint and the positioning concave ring, and one pin shaft of the universal joint is machined;

fourthly, ejecting a positioning concave ring out of the second driving mechanism after machining, reversing by using a grabbing positioning unit, clamping and mounting the positioning concave ring on a positioning convex ring, and machining the other pin shaft of the universal joint;

and fifthly, after twice changing, transporting the completely processed universal joint back to the upper blanking unit by using the grabbing and positioning unit, grabbing the other to-be-processed three-pin shaft type universal joint back to the clamp unit for waiting for processing.

Furthermore, the first driving mechanism structure comprises a first oil cylinder and a fixed bottom plate, the fixed bottom plate is installed below the clamp installation plate, the first oil cylinder is fixedly installed on the fixed bottom plate, and the lower end of the mandrel is connected with a piston rod of the first oil cylinder through a lever mechanism.

Furthermore, the lever mechanism comprises a connecting block, one end of the connecting block is connected with the lower end of the mandrel through a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting block is connected with a piston rod of the first oil cylinder through a floating joint, and the middle part of the connecting block is hinged to the lower part of the fixture mounting plate through a connecting block mounting plate.

Furthermore, the second driving mechanism comprises a second oil cylinder, the second oil cylinder is fixedly arranged on the clamp mounting plate, and a piston rod of the second oil cylinder is in driving connection with the fixed bottom plate; the front end of the fixed bottom plate is provided with an ejection block, and through holes for the ejection block to penetrate out are processed on the fixture mounting plate and the positioning convex ring.

Furthermore, 3 positioning grooves are uniformly distributed below the positioning concave ring along the circumferential direction of the positioning concave ring, 3 convex blocks matched with the positioning grooves are processed above the positioning convex ring along the circumferential direction of the positioning convex ring, and the positioning convex ring is fixedly arranged on the clamp mounting plate.

Furthermore, the grabbing and positioning unit comprises two pneumatic claws and a positioning block, the two pneumatic claws are respectively arranged on the cantilever crane through a second rotary cylinder and a third rotary cylinder, and the positioning block is arranged in front of the clamp unit in a lifting mode and used for primary positioning of the three-pin shaft type universal joint.

Furthermore, the second rotary cylinder and the third rotary cylinder are both arranged on the rotary plate, and the rotary plate is arranged below the cantilever crane through the first rotary cylinder.

Furthermore, the positioning block is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the lifting cylinder, and the lifting cylinder is fixedly arranged on the mounting base plate through a lifting cylinder mounting plate.

Furthermore, the locating piece top processing has the V type groove with the three round pin axle matched with of universal joint, and L type notch ladder mouth has all been processed at V type inslot side both ends, and welded fastening has the crash bar in every L type notch ladder mouth.

Further, go up the unloading unit including arranging material conveyer belt, feed back conveyer belt and row material pipe, arrange material conveyer belt and feed back conveyer belt and install in the frame, arrange the material pipe and install in row material conveyer belt top, arrange material conveyer belt one side still fixed mounting have the telescoping cylinder, arrange the material pipe below and be equipped with the push pedal, the piston rod of telescoping cylinder links to each other with the push pedal.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention relates to a processing method of a three-pin shaft type universal joint, which comprises three components, namely a feeding and discharging unit, a grabbing and positioning unit and a clamp unit, wherein the clamp unit is optimally designed, a mandrel is arranged on the clamp unit, the three-pin shaft type universal joint and a positioning concave ring are expanded and fixed on the mandrel by using a first driving mechanism, then the three-pin shaft type universal joint and the positioning concave ring are ejected by using a second driving mechanism and then reversed, and the positioning convex ring and the positioning concave ring are installed in a matching way, so that the problem of inaccurate centering and reversing angle in the traditional method is solved, the accuracy of the centering and reversing angle in the processing of the three-pin shaft type universal joint is effectively improved, the error is reduced, the product precision is improved, the automation degree is improved compared with a manual operation mode, the labor intensity is reduced, the cost is also reduced, the production efficiency is effectively improved, meanwhile, the safety of workers is guaranteed.

(2) According to the processing method of the three-pin shaft type universal joint, the specific structures of the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism and the positioning concave-convex ring are optimally designed to be mutually matched, the universal joint and the positioning concave-convex ring are expanded and fixed on the mandrel by utilizing the lever mechanism, the universal joint and the positioning concave ring are reversed together, and subsequent accurate reversing is facilitated; then, the universal joint and the positioning concave ring are ejected out by utilizing the ejection block, so that the subsequent reversing operation is facilitated; and the three positioning grooves below the positioning concave ring and the three convex blocks above the positioning convex ring are matched and installed, so that the accurate reversing of the three-pin shaft type universal joint is realized, the accuracy of the reversing angle of the three-pin shaft type universal joint during processing is ensured, the product precision is further improved, and the three-pin shaft type universal joint is simple in structure, reasonable in design, relatively high in automation degree and convenient to manufacture.

(3) According to the processing method of the three-pin-shaft type universal joint, the grabbing positioning unit is also optimally designed, the two air claws are arranged and are respectively installed on the cantilever crane through the second rotating cylinder and the third rotating cylinder, and the corresponding air claws are controlled by the second rotating cylinder and the third rotating cylinder to grab the three-pin-shaft type universal joint and automatically reverse the direction, so that the automation degree of the three-pin-shaft type universal joint is improved, the time and the labor are saved, the labor intensity is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the safety of workers is guaranteed; and a first rotary cylinder is further arranged above the second rotary cylinder and the third rotary cylinder, and the second rotary cylinder and the third rotary cylinder are controlled by the first rotary cylinder to rotate and change positions, so that another universal joint to be processed is conveniently replaced immediately after one universal joint is processed for processing, the time is further saved, and the production efficiency is improved.

(4) According to the processing method of the three-pin-shaft type universal joint, the grabbing and positioning unit is further provided with a liftable positioning block, a V-shaped groove matched with the three pin shafts of the universal joint is processed on the positioning block, and the pin shafts of the universal joint are clamped through the V-shaped groove, so that the initial positioning of the universal joint is realized, and the mounting precision and efficiency of the universal joint are improved; and anti-collision rods are welded and fixed in L-shaped stepped openings at two ends of the V-shaped groove, so that the anti-collision device can play a role in preventing vibration, reduce the degree of wear and prevent deformation.

(5) According to the processing method of the three-pin shaft type universal joint, the grabbing and positioning units are also optimally designed, the feeding and discharging unit comprises the discharging conveying belt, the returning conveying belt and the discharging pipe, a plurality of three-pin shaft type universal joints are stacked for processing at one time through the arrangement of the discharging pipe, and the telescopic cylinder drives the push plate to push the three-pin shaft type universal joints to the discharging conveying belt, so that the three-pin shaft type universal joints can be automatically transported, the manual operation time is greatly reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. According to the automatic feeding and discharging device, the feeding and discharging unit is used for automatically feeding and discharging materials through the mutual matching action of the feeding and discharging unit, the grabbing positioning unit is used for grabbing and reversing workpieces, and the fixture unit is used for realizing centering and accurate reversing, so that various problems in the traditional machining process are effectively solved, the labor intensity is effectively reduced compared with manual operation, the automation degree is improved, a plurality of machines can be watched by one person, the time and the labor are saved, the production efficiency is improved, the cost is saved, and the safety of workers is guaranteed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the gripper unit and the grasping and positioning unit of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another perspective mounting structure of the gripper unit and the grasping and positioning unit of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a clamp unit of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of another perspective structure of the clamp unit of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a positioning concave ring in the jig unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the positioning collar of the clamping unit of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the installation structure of the air gripper in the grabbing and positioning unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the mounting structure of the positioning block in the grasping and positioning unit according to the invention;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the mounting position of the crash bar in the grasping and positioning unit of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a loading and unloading unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the installation structure of the telescopic cylinder in the charging and discharging unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view showing the installation structure of a discharge pipe in the charging and discharging unit according to the present invention;

fig. 13 is an enlarged view of the mounting structure of the stopper plate and the stopper cylinder of the loading and unloading unit according to the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a feeding and discharging unit;

101. a frame; 102. a first speed reducer; 103. a discharge conveyer belt; 104. a side plate; 1041. bolt holes; 1042. an avoidance groove; 105. a discharge pipe; 1051. a circular hoop; 1052. a card; 106. a second speed reducer; 107. a feed back conveyor belt; 108. a telescopic cylinder; 1081. a piston rod; 1082. adjusting a rod; 109. a stopper cylinder; 110. an adjusting plate; 1101. a kidney-shaped hole; 111. a material receiving groove; 112. a material pushing cylinder; 113. a material pushing plate; 114. a stopper cylinder mount; 115. a stopper block; 116. a telescopic cylinder mounting seat; 117. a discharge pipe mounting plate; 118. a fixed block; 119. a base plate;

2. a grabbing and positioning unit;

201. a cantilever crane; 202. a first rotary cylinder; 203. a second rotary cylinder; 204. a third rotary cylinder; 205. a pneumatic claw; 206. a mounting substrate; 207. a lifting cylinder mounting plate; 208. a lift cylinder; 209. a connecting plate; 210. a fixing plate; 211. positioning blocks; 2111. a V-shaped groove; 2112. an L-shaped stepped port; 212. an anti-collision rod; 213. a rotating plate;

3. a clamp unit;

301. a clamp mounting plate; 302. a first cylinder; 303. a second cylinder; 304. fixing the bottom plate; 305. connecting blocks; 306. a connecting block mounting plate; 307. a circular shaft; 308. a connecting rod; 309. a mandrel; 310. ejecting a block; 3101. a lower cylindrical ring; 3102. an upper cylindrical ring; 311. positioning the convex ring; 3111. a bump; 312. positioning the concave ring; 3121. positioning a groove; 313. elastic expansion sleeve; 314. a swivel joint; 315. a floating joint; 316. an oil pipe;

4. a tripod universal joint.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

In the processing method of the three-pin-shaft type universal joint of the embodiment, a processing system is adopted for processing, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 10, the processing system comprises three component units, namely a feeding and discharging unit 1, a grabbing and positioning unit 2 and a clamp unit 3, the feeding and discharging unit 1 is used for conveying the three-pin-shaft type universal joint 4, and the grabbing and positioning unit 2 is used for grabbing the three-pin-shaft type universal joint 4 and then conveying the three-pin-shaft type universal joint to the clamp unit 3 for processing. As shown in fig. 4, the clamp unit 3 includes a clamp mounting plate 301, a positioning convex ring 311, a positioning concave ring 312, a mandrel 309, a first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism, the positioning convex ring 311 is fixedly mounted on the clamp mounting plate 301, the positioning concave ring 312 is located above the positioning convex ring 311 and is in snap fit with the positioning convex ring 311, one end of the mandrel 309 is provided with an elastic expansion sleeve 313, the other end of the mandrel 309 sequentially passes through the positioning concave ring 312, the positioning convex ring 311 and the clamp mounting plate 301 and is connected with the first driving mechanism, the mandrel 309 and the elastic expansion sleeve 313 are driven by the first driving mechanism to move downwards, so that the three-pin universal joint 4 and the positioning concave ring 312 are expanded and fixed on the mandrel 309, and the mandrel 309 is arranged to change the direction on the mandrel 309, thereby improving the centering accuracy of the universal joint in the machining process and improving the product precision; the positioning concave ring 312 is connected with a second driving mechanism, and the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 and the positioning concave ring 312 are ejected out by the second driving mechanism for reversing; the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are respectively used for driving the mandrel 309 and the positioning concave ring 312 to move up and down, the fixture unit 3 is optimally designed, and the positioning convex ring 311 and the positioning concave ring 312 are installed in a matched mode, so that the problem of inaccurate centering and reversing angles in the traditional method is solved, the accuracy of centering and reversing angles in the machining process of the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 is effectively improved, errors are reduced, the precision of a product is improved, the automation degree is also improved compared with a manual operation mode, the labor intensity is reduced, the cost is also reduced, the production efficiency is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the safety of workers is guaranteed.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the first driving mechanism structure includes a first oil cylinder 302 and a fixed bottom plate 304, the fixed bottom plate 304 is installed below the fixture mounting plate 301, the first oil cylinder 302 is fixedly installed on the fixed bottom plate 304, the lower end of the mandrel 309 is connected to a piston rod of the first oil cylinder 302 through a lever mechanism, and the lever mechanism is used to drive the mandrel 309 and the elastic expansion sleeve 313 to move, so that the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin universal joint 4 are expanded and fixed. The lever mechanism comprises a connecting block 305, the connecting block 305 is of an L-shaped structure, one end of the connecting block is connected with the lower end of a mandrel 309 through a connecting rod 308 (the connecting rod 308 can adopt a component similar to the action of a floating joint 315), the other end of the connecting block is connected with a piston rod of a first oil cylinder 302 through the floating joint 315, and the middle part of the connecting block 305 is hinged and installed below a clamp installing plate 301 through a connecting block installing plate 306; the connecting block mounting plate 306 is an L-shaped structure, one side of the connecting block mounting plate is fixedly mounted below the fixed bottom plate 304, the other side of the connecting block mounting plate is hinged to the middle of the L-shaped connecting block 305 through a circular shaft 307, and when a piston rod of the first oil cylinder 302 moves upwards, the connecting block 305 controls the spindle 309 to move downwards, so that the elastic expansion sleeve 313 on the spindle 309 is driven to move downwards, and the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 are expanded and tightly fixed. Through carrying out optimal design to the concrete structure of first actuating mechanism, utilize lever mechanism to realize that universal joint and location concave ring 312 expand tightly fixedly on mandrel 309, make universal joint and location concave ring 312 commutate together, be convenient for follow-up accurate switching-over.

The second driving mechanism comprises a second oil cylinder 303, the second oil cylinder 303 is fixedly arranged on the clamp mounting plate 301, and a piston rod of the second oil cylinder 303 is in driving connection with the fixed bottom plate 304; the front end of the fixed bottom plate 304 is provided with an ejection block 310, the ejection block 310 comprises a lower layer cylindrical ring 3101 and an upper layer cylindrical ring 3102, a through hole for the lower layer cylindrical ring 3101 to penetrate out is processed on the clamp mounting plate 301, a through hole for the upper layer cylindrical ring 3102 to penetrate out is processed on the positioning convex ring 311, the ejection block 310 is slidably mounted in the clamp mounting plate 301 and the positioning convex ring 311, and the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 can be ejected out through the upper layer cylindrical ring 3102; when the piston rod of the second oil cylinder 303 moves upwards, the fixed bottom plate 304, the ejection block 310, the first oil cylinder 302 and the lower lever mechanism are driven to move upwards integrally, so that the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin universal joint 4 are ejected under the condition that the elastic expansion sleeve 313 is ensured to expand the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin universal joint 4, and the subsequent reversing operation of the three-pin universal joint 4 is facilitated. Through the optimized design of the specific structure of the second driving mechanism, the ejection block 310 is used for ejecting the universal joint and the positioning concave ring 312, so that the subsequent reversing operation is facilitated, and the automation degree is further improved.

As shown in fig. 5, the outer portion of the positioning concave ring 312 is an approximate regular triangular prism structure, and 3 positioning grooves 3121 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction below the positioning concave ring 312, that is, one positioning groove 3121 is processed along the circumferential direction at intervals of 120 ° below the positioning concave ring 312; as shown in fig. 6, the exterior of the positioning convex ring 311 is an approximate semi-cylindrical ring structure, and 3 protrusions 3111 matched with the positioning groove 3121 are processed above the positioning convex ring 311 along the circumferential direction thereof, and the protrusions 3111 on the positioning convex ring 311 and the positioning grooves 3121 on the positioning concave ring 312 are installed in a matching manner, so that the accurate direction change of the three-pin universal joint 4 is realized, the accuracy of the direction change angle of the three-pin universal joint 4 during processing is ensured, and the product precision is further improved. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, oil pipe joints are arranged on both sides of the clamp mounting plate 301, oil passages are arranged in the clamp mounting plate 301, the oil passages on both sides are connected with oil pipes 316 through the oil passages in the clamp mounting plate 301, the first oil cylinder 302 and the second oil cylinder 303 are respectively connected with the oil passages on both sides of the clamp mounting plate 301 through swivel joints 314, so as to be connected with the oil pipes 316 in the clamp mounting plate 301, and the swivel joints 314 can be adopted to better avoid the phenomenon that the pipes are wound together, thereby preventing the pipelines from being wound.

Example 2

The processing method of the three-pin shaft type universal joint of the embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, and the difference is mainly that: the grabbing and positioning unit 2 comprises two pneumatic claws 205 and a positioning block 211, as shown in fig. 7, the two pneumatic claws 205 are respectively installed on a rotating plate 213 through a second rotating cylinder 203 and a third rotating cylinder 204, and the second rotating cylinder 203 and the third rotating cylinder 204 respectively control the rotation of the pneumatic claws 205 connected thereto; the rotating plate 213 is installed below the cantilever crane 201 through the first rotating cylinder 202, and the rotating plate 213 is driven to rotate through the first rotating cylinder 202, so that the rotation of the second rotating cylinder 203 and the third rotating cylinder 204 is controlled; the gas claws 205 corresponding to the second rotary cylinder and the third rotary cylinder are controlled to grab the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 and automatically reverse the direction, so that the automation degree is improved, the time and the labor are saved, the labor intensity is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the safety of workers is guaranteed; and second, three revolving cylinder tops still are provided with first revolving cylinder 202 to can utilize first revolving cylinder 202 to control second revolving cylinder 203 and third revolving cylinder 204 and rotate the transposition position after a universal joint processing finishes taking out, be convenient for change another universal joint of treating processing immediately and process, further save the time, improve production efficiency.

As shown in fig. 8, the positioning block 211 is installed on the mounting substrate 206 in a lifting manner through a lifting cylinder 208, the mounting substrate 206 is fixedly connected with the fixture mounting plate 301, the lifting cylinder 208 is fixedly installed on the mounting substrate 206 through a lifting cylinder mounting plate 207, a piston rod of the lifting cylinder 208 is fixedly connected with one side of an L-shaped connecting plate 209, the other side of the L-shaped connecting plate 209 is provided with a fixing plate 210, the positioning block 211 is fixedly installed above the fixing plate 210, and the lifting cylinder 208 can drive the positioning block 211 to lift in front of a positioning convex ring 311, so that initial positioning of the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 is realized. As shown in fig. 9, a V-shaped groove 2111 matched with the three-pin shaft of the universal joint is processed above the positioning block 211 and used for clamping and fixing the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 pin shaft, so that the initial positioning of the universal joint is realized, and the mounting accuracy and efficiency of the universal joint are improved; l type notch 2112 has all been processed at the inboard both ends of V type groove 2111, and equal welded fastening has crashproof stick 212 in every L type notch 2112, crashproof stick 212 is the tungsten steel, has wear-resisting effect, plays shockproof effect when the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 falls, prevents its deformation.

As shown in fig. 10 and 12, the feeding and discharging unit 1 includes a discharging conveyer belt 103, a feeding conveyer belt 107 and a discharging pipe 105, the discharging conveyer belt 103 and the feeding conveyer belt 107 are mounted in parallel on the frame 101, the discharging conveyer belt 103 is controlled by a first speed reducer 102 to rotate, and the feeding conveyer belt 107 is controlled by a second speed reducer 106 to rotate in the opposite direction; arrange the material conveyer belt 103 top and be equipped with bottom plate 119, bottom plate 119 both sides fixed mounting has fixed block 118, arrange material pipe 105 through arranging material pipe mounting panel 117 fixed mounting on keeping away from telescopic cylinder 108 one side fixed block 118, arrange material pipe 105 and can once only stack a plurality of three pin shaft type universal joints 4 and wait for processing to the manual operation time that has significantly reduced reduces intensity of labour, raises the efficiency. As shown in fig. 11, a telescopic cylinder 108 is fixedly mounted on one side of the bottom plate 119 through a telescopic cylinder mounting seat 116, the telescopic cylinder 108 is an air cylinder, an L-shaped push plate (not shown in the figure) is arranged below the discharge pipe 105, and the L-shaped push plate is slidably mounted between fixing blocks 118 on two sides of the bottom plate 119, the L-shaped push plate is connected with a piston rod 1081 of the telescopic cylinder 108, and the L-shaped push plate is driven by the telescopic cylinder 108 to push the three-pin universal joint 4, so that the three-pin universal joint 4 can be pushed to the discharge conveyer belt 103 to be smoothly transported, automatic transportation of the three-pin universal joint 4 is realized, manual operation time is greatly reduced, labor intensity is reduced, and production efficiency is improved; the telescopic cylinder 108 is further provided with an adjusting rod 1082, which can adjust the movement stroke of a piston rod 1081 in the telescopic cylinder 108. As shown in fig. 12, the discharge pipe 105 includes a circular hoop 1051 and three clamping pieces 1052, three clamping pieces 1052 are uniformly distributed on the circular hoop 1051 along the circumferential direction, the clamping pieces 1052 can be adjustably mounted on the circular hoop 1051, threaded holes are processed on the circular hoop 1051 at the positions where the clamping pieces 1052 are attached, and the size of the pipeline of the discharge pipe 105 can be adjusted by adjusting bolts in the threaded holes, so that the pipeline is matched with the size of the three-pin universal joint 4, thereby improving the falling stability of the three-pin universal joint 4; a plurality of three-pin shaft type universal joints 4 to be processed can be vertically placed in the discharge pipe 105, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

As shown in fig. 13, side plates 104 are disposed on both sides of the discharge conveyor belt 103, and a row of bolt holes 1041 perpendicular to the conveying direction of the discharge conveyor belt 103 is formed in each side plate 104; the side plate 104 is provided with an adjusting plate 110, a kidney-shaped hole 1101 is formed in the position, corresponding to the bolt hole 1041, of the adjusting plate 110, bolts penetrate through the kidney-shaped hole 1101 to be installed in different bolt holes 1041, therefore, the adjusting plate 110 can be movably installed on the side plate 104, and the conveying width is adjusted through the adjusting plate 110. A stop cylinder 109 is further mounted above the front end of the side plate 104 on one side of the discharge conveying belt 103, the stop cylinder 109 is fixedly mounted on the side plate 104 through a stop cylinder mounting seat 114, and the conveying width of the discharge conveying belt 103 is adjusted by the adjusting plate 110 to be matched with the size and the model of the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 through the matching action of the adjusting plate 110 and the stop cylinder 109, so that the piston rod of the stop cylinder 109 can be enabled to extend into the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 to control the stop or the movement of the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4, and the orderly processing of the universal joint is guaranteed. A stop block 115 is arranged at the front end of the discharging conveyer belt 103, so that the movable three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 is stopped, and the universal joint is prevented from falling off from the discharging conveyer belt 103; the front end of the side plate 104 is provided with an avoiding groove 1042 in a matching manner, so that grabbing can be performed after the three-pin-shaft-type universal joint 4 contacts the stop block 115 to stop moving, when a front three-pin-shaft-type universal joint 4 on the discharging conveyor belt 103 contacts the stop block 115 to stop moving and waits for being grabbed, the rear adjacent three-pin-shaft-type universal joint 4 is stopped by the stop cylinder 109 when moving below the stop cylinder 109, so that a plurality of rear three-pin-shaft-type universal joints 4 stop moving, and after the front three-pin-shaft-type universal joint 4 which contacts the stop block 115 to stop moving is grabbed and processed, the piston rod of the stop cylinder 109 is retracted to move the rear three-pin-shaft-type universal joint 4 to contact the stop block 115 to stop moving. A material receiving groove 111 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the material returning conveying belt 107, a material pushing cylinder 112 is arranged on one side of the material receiving groove 111, a piston rod of the material pushing cylinder 112 is connected with a material pushing plate 113 in the material receiving groove 111, and the material pushing cylinder 112 is used for driving the material pushing plate 113 to push the three-pin-shaft type universal joint 4 to follow-up work. According to the automatic feeding and discharging device, the feeding and discharging unit 1 is used for automatically feeding and discharging materials through the mutual matching action of the feeding and discharging unit 1, the grabbing and positioning unit 2 is used for grabbing and reversing workpieces, the fixture unit 3 is used for realizing centering and accurate reversing, various problems in the traditional machining process are effectively solved, the labor intensity is effectively reduced compared with manual operation in a manual mode, the automation degree is improved, a person can watch a plurality of machines, the time and manpower are saved, the production efficiency is improved, the cost is saved, and the safety of workers is guaranteed

Example 3

The machining method of the three-pin shaft type universal joint in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

step one, placing a plurality of three-pin shaft type universal joints 4 into a discharging pipe 105 of a feeding and discharging unit 1, driving an L-shaped push plate to push the three-pin shaft type universal joints 4 to a discharging conveyer belt 103 through a telescopic cylinder 108, conveying the three-pin shaft type universal joints to the front end of the discharging conveyer belt 103, contacting a stop block 115, stopping, and waiting for a grabbing and positioning unit 2 to grab for processing; at this time, if the tripod type universal joint 4 is not yet being seized and processed while waiting, the succeeding tripod type universal joint 4 is stopped by the stopper cylinder 109 until the preceding tripod type universal joint 4 is seized and processed, and the succeeding adjacent tripod type universal joint 4 is moved to the contact stopper 115 to stop and wait for the seizing and processing.

And step two, grabbing two three-pin universal joints 4 by using the air gripper 205 of the grabbing and positioning unit 2, moving the two three-pin universal joints to the vicinity of the clamp unit 3 through the cantilever crane 201, lifting the positioning block 211 to a certain height in front of the clamp unit 3 through the lifting cylinder 208, enabling the V-shaped groove 2111 of the positioning block 211 to be capable of clamping the three-pin universal joints 4, placing the three-pin universal joint 4 on one air gripper 205 (such as the air gripper 205 below the second rotary cylinder 203) on the positioning concave ring 312 through the mandrel 309, and performing primary positioning through the positioning block 211.

And step three, driving the mandrel 309 and the elastic expansion sleeve 313 on the mandrel 309 to move downwards by utilizing the upward movement of the piston rod of the first oil cylinder 302 in the first driving mechanism, so as to expand the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4, then downwards removing the positioning block 211 by utilizing the lifting cylinder 208, and grinding one pin shaft of the universal joint by utilizing a grinding wheel (the grinding wheel can be controlled by the oil cylinder) near the clamp unit 3.

After the processing, the piston rod of the second oil cylinder 303 in the first driving mechanism moves upwards to drive the ejection block 310 to move upwards to eject the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4, so that the positioning convex ring 311 is separated from the positioning concave ring 312, and then the universal joint is gripped by an idle air claw 205 in the gripping and positioning unit 2 (such as the air claw 205 below the second rotary air cylinder 203) to perform primary reversing; after reversing, the first oil cylinder 302 drives the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 to return to the positioning convex ring 311, the positioning groove 3121 on the positioning concave ring 312 and the convex block 3111 on the positioning convex ring 311 are used for matching installation, the positioning concave ring 312 is clamped and installed on the positioning convex ring 311, accurate reversing is realized, and then the other pin shaft of the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 is processed.

Step five, after the three pin shafts of the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 are completely processed after twice reversing, the piston rod of the first oil cylinder 302 moves downwards to drive the mandrel 309 and the elastic expansion sleeve 313 on the mandrel 309 to move upwards, so that the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 are loosened, the completely processed three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 is taken out by using an idle air claw 205 (such as the air claw 205 below the second rotating air cylinder 203), the second rotating air cylinder 203 and the third rotating air cylinder 204 are rotated by 180 degrees by using the first rotating air cylinder 202, the positions of the second rotating air cylinder 203 and the third rotating air cylinder 204 are exchanged, the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 to be processed on the other air claw 205 (such as the air claw 205 below the third rotating air cylinder 204) passes through the mandrel 309 to be processed on the positioning concave ring 312, then the processed three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 is placed on the returned material conveying belt 107 of the upper blanking unit 1 through the grabbing and positioning unit 2, and another tripod type universal joint 4 to be machined is grabbed and returned to the vicinity of the jig unit 3 to wait for machining.

According to the invention, the feeding and discharging unit 1, the grabbing positioning unit 2 and the clamp unit 3 are matched to process the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4, the mandrel 309 is arranged on the clamp unit 3, and the positioning convex ring 311 and the positioning concave ring 312 of the clamp unit 3 are matched to be installed, so that the positioning concave ring 312 and the three-pin shaft type universal joint 4 are directly reversed on the mandrel 309, the accuracy of centering and reversing angle of the universal joint in the processing process is improved, and the product precision is further improved; meanwhile, the automatic feeding and discharging device disclosed by the invention also utilizes the feeding and discharging unit 1 to automatically feed and discharge materials, and utilizes the gas claw 205 of the grabbing and positioning unit 2 to realize the automatic grabbing and reversing of the workpiece to be processed, so that the automation degree is effectively improved compared with manual operation, a relatively complete automatic processing system is provided, the time and the labor are better saved, the labor intensity is reduced, the production efficiency is further improved, and the safety of workers is ensured.

Claims

1. A processing method of a three-pin shaft type universal joint is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, the feeding and discharging unit (1) transports the three-pin shaft type universal joint (4) for processing;

secondly, the grabbing positioning unit (2) grabs the three-pin shaft type universal joint (4) from the blanking end of the feeding and blanking unit (1) to the clamp unit (3) for preparation for processing;

thirdly, a first driving mechanism of the clamp unit (3) drives a mandrel (309) and an elastic expansion sleeve (313) to expand the three-pin shaft type universal joint (4) and the positioning concave ring (312) and process one pin shaft of the universal joint;

fourthly, ejecting a positioning concave ring (312) by a second driving mechanism after machining, reversing by using a grabbing positioning unit (2), clamping and installing the positioning concave ring (312) on a positioning convex ring (311), and machining the other pin shaft of the universal joint; 3 positioning grooves (3121) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction below the positioning concave ring (312), 3 convex blocks (3111) matched with the positioning grooves (3121) are processed along the circumferential direction above the positioning convex ring (311), and the positioning convex ring (311) is fixedly installed on the clamp installation plate (301);

and fifthly, after twice changing, the completely processed universal joint is transported back to the upper blanking unit (1) by using the grabbing and positioning unit (2), and another to-be-processed three-pin shaft type universal joint (4) is grabbed and returned to the vicinity of the clamp unit (3) to wait for processing.

2. A method of manufacturing a three-pin universal joint according to claim 1, wherein: the first driving mechanism structure comprises a first oil cylinder (302) and a fixed bottom plate (304), the fixed bottom plate (304) is installed below the clamp installation plate (301), the first oil cylinder (302) is fixedly installed on the fixed bottom plate (304), and the lower end of the mandrel (309) is connected with a piston rod of the first oil cylinder (302) through a lever mechanism.

3. A method of manufacturing a three-pin universal joint according to claim 2, wherein: the lever mechanism comprises a connecting block (305), one end of the connecting block (305) is connected with the lower end of a mandrel (309) through a connecting rod (308), the other end of the connecting block (305) is connected with a piston rod of a first oil cylinder (302) through a floating joint (315), and the middle of the connecting block (305) is hinged and installed below the clamp installation plate (301) through a connecting block installation plate (306).

4. A method of manufacturing a three-pin universal joint according to claim 3, wherein: the second driving mechanism comprises a second oil cylinder (303), the second oil cylinder (303) is fixedly arranged on the clamp mounting plate (301), and a piston rod of the second oil cylinder is connected with the fixed bottom plate (304) in a driving manner; the front end of the fixed bottom plate (304) is provided with an ejection block (310), and through holes for the ejection block (310) to penetrate through are processed on the clamp mounting plate (301) and the positioning convex ring (311).

5. A method of manufacturing a three-pin universal joint according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: snatch positioning unit (2) and include two gas claws (205) and locating piece (211), two gas claws (205) are installed on cantilever crane (201) through second revolving cylinder (203) and third revolving cylinder (204) respectively, locating piece (211) liftable is installed in anchor clamps unit (3) the place ahead for the primary location of three round pin axle type universal joint (4).

6. The method of manufacturing a three-pin universal joint according to claim 5, wherein: the second rotary cylinder (203) and the third rotary cylinder (204) are both arranged on a rotary plate (213), and the rotary plate (213) is arranged below the cantilever crane (201) through the first rotary cylinder (202).

7. The method of manufacturing a three-pin universal joint according to claim 6, wherein: the positioning block (211) is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the lifting cylinder (208), and the lifting cylinder (208) is fixedly arranged on the mounting base plate (206) through a lifting cylinder mounting plate (207).

8. A method of manufacturing a three-pin universal joint according to claim 7, wherein: locating piece (211) top processing has V type groove (2111) with the three round pin axle matched with of universal joint, and L type notch ladder (2112) have all been processed at V type groove (2111) inboard both ends, and welded fastening has crash bar (212) in every L type notch ladder (2112).

9. A method of manufacturing a three-pin universal joint according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: go up unloading unit (1) including arranging material conveyer belt (103), feed back conveyer belt (107) and arranging material pipe (105), arrange material conveyer belt (103) and feed back conveyer belt (107) and install in frame (101), arrange material pipe (105) and install in row material conveyer belt (103) top, arrange material conveyer belt (103) one side still fixed mounting have telescoping cylinder (108), arrange material pipe (105) below and be equipped with the push pedal, the piston rod of telescoping cylinder (108) links to each other with the push pedal.