CN112570999A - High-precision aerospace part ultra-precision machining process - Google Patents
High-precision aerospace part ultra-precision machining process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112570999A CN112570999A CN202011474381.9A CN202011474381A CN112570999A CN 112570999 A CN112570999 A CN 112570999A CN 202011474381 A CN202011474381 A CN 202011474381A CN 112570999 A CN112570999 A CN 112570999A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision aerospace part ultra-precision machining process, relates to the field of aerospace part machining, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the existing aerospace part is machined to improve the precision, the working mode is complex, and the working efficiency cannot be improved. The method comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a part mould for spaceflight by using laser positioning measurement; s2: processing a mould, calculating injection capacity, mould locking pressure, injection pressure, mould installation size, an ejection device and size, nozzle hole diameter and nozzle spherical radius, size of a sprue bush positioning ring, maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the mould and template stroke, detecting mould material strength, and grinding and polishing the inner wall of a mould groove; s3: calculating the optimal temperature and humidity of injection molding of the high-precision aerospace part material, and adjusting the temperature and humidity of a production workshop; s4: and moving the mold and the processing equipment to an air shower of a dust-free workshop, and moving the mold, the processing equipment and the processing material to a pure workbench after blowing and showering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace part machining, in particular to a high-precision aerospace part ultra-precision machining process.
Background
The aerospace material refers to various materials used by aircrafts, power devices, accessories and instruments thereof, is one of the decisive factors of the development of aerospace engineering technology, and is a branch of the development of aerospace material science which is rich in development in material science. The aerospace material has excellent high and low temperature resistance, aging resistance and corrosion resistance, and can adapt to the space environment. The selection of as small a safety margin as possible to achieve an absolutely reliable safe life in order to reduce the structural weight of the aircraft is considered a challenging goal of aircraft design. For aircrafts such as missiles or carrier rockets which are used once in a short time, people strive to exert the performance of materials to the limit degree. In order to take full advantage of material strength and ensure safety, "damage tolerance design principles" have been used for metallic materials. This requires that the material not only have a high specific strength, but also a high fracture toughness.
Titanium alloys are the most used materials for aerospace components, are resistant to corrosion and high temperatures, and are commonly used for high strength members, such as door and door frame surround attachments, landing gear supports, undercarriage supports, or landing flap tracks. With the increasing difficulty in machining aerospace parts such as engine disks, shaft parts, turbine casings and landing gears, various new materials, new structures and new technologies are developed, and the requirements for machining are also increased, but the existing aerospace parts are machined to improve the precision, have complex working modes and cannot improve the working efficiency; therefore, the market urgently needs to develop a high-precision aerospace part ultra-precision machining process to help people solve the existing problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision aerospace part ultra-precision machining process, and aims to solve the problems that the existing aerospace part machining process proposed in the background technology is complex in working mode and cannot improve the working efficiency in order to improve the precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the ultra-precise processing technology of the high-precision aerospace part comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a part mould for spaceflight by using laser positioning measurement;
s2: processing a mould, performing high-precision measurement on the inner surface of a notch of the mould, calculating injection capacity, mould locking pressure, injection pressure, mould installation size, an ejection device and size, nozzle hole diameter and nozzle spherical radius, size of a sprue bush positioning ring, maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the mould and template stroke, detecting the strength of a mould material, and polishing the inner wall of a mould groove;
s3: calculating the optimal temperature and humidity of injection molding of the high-precision aerospace part material, and adjusting the temperature and humidity of a production workshop;
s4: moving the die and the processing equipment to an air shower of a dust-free workshop, blowing and showering the die, the processing equipment and the processing material, and moving to a clean workbench;
s5: producing aerospace parts by using a mould, performing injection molding, and cleaning the formed aerospace parts at high cleanliness;
s6: the cleaned aerospace parts are shot and scanned in multiple angles, three-dimensional modeling is carried out, the proportion is adjusted, the aerospace parts are compared with aerospace part models in a large database, fine turning and fine trimming adjustment are carried out on the models, the aerospace parts are produced again, secondary modeling comparison is carried out, and after the model comparison data are completely consistent, the aerospace parts are subjected to post-processing;
s7: the cleaned aerospace part is subjected to rough turning and turning by using a fixture grinding mandrel, is subjected to heat treatment, and then is subjected to external grinding and internal grinding and finish turning, wherein in the processing process, dust on the surface of the aerospace part is absorbed by using a dust collector, and is subjected to welding processing after being cleaned;
s8: the welded aerospace parts are subjected to weld grinding processing, chemical cleaning is carried out after processing, weld polishing is carried out after cleaning, and secondary cleaning is carried out after polishing;
s9: and after cleaning, drying after detection.
Preferably, in S1, the method includes the following steps:
s1-1: leveling a laser positioning collimator, fixedly installing an ultrasonic distance meter, and installing an assembly of the ultrasonic distance meter and the laser positioning collimator;
s1-2: adjusting the laser head to enable the optical axis of the dual-frequency laser interferometer and the axis of the machine tool to move to be on the same straight line, and adjusting and collimating the optical path;
s1-3: inputting measurement parameters after laser preheating, moving the machine tool to measure according to a specified measurement program, repeating twice, adjusting the measurement difference, adjusting the temperature, wherein the measurement environment temperature meets 20 +/-5 ℃, the temperature change is less than +/-0.2 ℃/h, and keeping the machine tool isothermal for more than 12h before measurement;
s1-4: preparing a part mould for spaceflight according to the data processing and result;
preferably, in S2, the method includes the following steps:
s2-1: regulating and controlling the detection environment of the produced mold slot, wherein the detection environment temperature is 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 50 +/-6%, the dew point temperature is 21 ℃, the atmospheric pressure is 890-1060hPa, and the air flow rate is less than or equal to 1 m/s;
s2-2: obtaining a part for spaceflight, observing the integral shape and basic modeling of the part, then carrying out high-precision measurement, calculating injection capacity, mold locking pressure, injection pressure, mold installation size, ejection device and size, nozzle hole diameter and nozzle spherical radius, sprue bush positioning ring size, mold maximum thickness and minimum thickness and mold plate stroke by using a height gauge, a copying machine, a dial gauge, a roundness gauge, a gear meshing machine, a tool microscope, an automatic three-coordinate gauge and a tooth gauge, and detecting the mold material strength;
s2-3: when the preassembly meets the requirements, the apparent mass of the die needs to be comprehensively checked;
s2-4: and after the mould is detected to meet the requirements, the mould groove is subjected to a polishing process, after polishing, the detection steps are repeated for a plurality of times, and the mould groove are cleaned after meeting the requirements.
Preferably, in S4, the method includes the following steps:
s4-1: moving the die and the processing equipment to an air shower, and simultaneously cleaning the outer surface of a worker after the worker enters the air shower;
s4-2: a red heat sensor is arranged in the air shower, and when a worker passes through the channel, a fan switch is turned on to perform blowing and showering cleaning;
s4-3: cleaning ventilation pipelines in an air shower and a dust-free workshop regularly, installing a high-efficiency filter, and cleaning regularly;
s4-4: the working equipment is placed in a clean workbench, and a dust collector, camera equipment and a display screen are arranged around the clean workbench.
Preferably, in S5, the method includes the following steps:
s5-1: melting the materials of the aerospace parts into a mold groove, and performing injection molding and cooling molding;
s5-2: after molding, detecting the precision by using high-precision measuring equipment, producing in batches after meeting the requirements, and cleaning the surface of a mold and the inside of a mold groove at regular time in the injection molding process;
s5-3: and preliminarily cleaning the aerospace parts produced in batches.
Preferably, in S7, the method includes the following steps:
s7-1: drying the cleaned aerospace parts, and performing rough turning after drying;
s7-2: after rough turning, removing surface dust by using a dust collector, and then carrying out chemical cleaning;
s7-3: after cleaning, carrying out heat treatment;
s7-4: after heat treatment, carrying out finish turning, removing surface dust by using a dust collector after processing, and then carrying out chemical cleaning;
s7-5: and welding seams among the aerospace parts.
Preferably, in S8, the method includes the following steps:
s8-1: preheating the welded aerospace parts, reducing the welding sharp heat amplitude and cooling speed, reducing welding stress and accelerating hydrogen diffusion;
s8-2: pre-stretching the welded aerospace parts, and superposing the pre-stressed stress to change the stress field distribution of the workpiece in the welding stress field to control the welding stress and deformation;
s8-3: the vector of the mechanical vibration applied to the workpiece and the residual internal stress of the workpiece exceeds the yield strength of the material, the welding residual stress is reduced, the deformation and the cracking of the workpiece are controlled, and the size and the geometric precision of the workpiece are stabilized;
s8-4: cold extruding the surface layer of the aerospace part by using an instant external force generated by collision of the shot and the aerospace part to perform cold work hardening, surface plastic deformation and surface nanocrystallization on the surface layer of the aerospace part and convert residual tensile stress into compressive stress;
s8-5: impacting the metal surface of the aerospace part by a pulse laser beam to enable the material to generate plastic deformation, so that the precision of the aerospace part conforms to the requirement of a design drawing;
s8-6: degreasing and cleaning the treated aerospace parts, carrying out alkali biting, pickling, hot water washing, pickling and hot water washing, then thoroughly washing the aerospace parts by using a high-pressure water gun, and drying the aerospace parts by using nitrogen;
s8-7: and polishing the welding line after blow-drying, and cleaning again after polishing.
Preferably, in S9, the aerospace component is detected by performing a dynamic and static balance test on the aerospace component operating at a high speed, and performing an impact resistance test, a strength test, and a high temperature test on the aerospace component requiring a high strength.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention manufactures the part die by laser positioning, levels the laser positioning collimator, after fixed installation, installing an ultrasonic range finder, installing components of the ultrasonic range finder and a laser positioning collimator, adjusting a laser head to enable an optical axis of a dual-frequency laser interferometer and an axis of machine tool movement to be on the same straight line, adjusting and collimating a light path, inputting measurement parameters after laser preheating, moving the machine tool to measure according to a specified measurement program, repeating twice, adjusting a measurement difference, adjusting a temperature, enabling a measurement environment temperature to meet the requirement of 20 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature variation is less than +/-0.2 ℃/h, the machine tool is isothermally kept for more than 12h before measurement, the aerospace part mould is prepared according to the data processing and the result, so that the integral accuracy of the part mould can be improved, and the structural stability of the part mould in the optimal state can be improved through temperature regulation.
2. According to the invention, the inner part of the die groove is adjusted and polished for multiple times through a process method for finely machining the inner part of the die groove, so that the precision of the die groove is effectively improved, the detection effect is further improved by multiple detection tools, and a die with the highest precision can be selected from multiple dies to produce parts, so that the errors of the parts are effectively reduced, and the production quality is effectively improved.
3. According to the invention, the injection molding work is carried out in a dust-free workshop, and the mold is cleaned in the injection molding process, so that the cleanness of the inner surface and the outer surface of the mold can be kept, and the error caused by dust is reduced, thereby improving the injection molding processing quality of the mold.
4. The invention can perform ultra-precision detection by scanning and comparing the produced parts, thereby quickly finding out the parts with errors, screening the parts, not only conveniently reducing the probability of defective products, but also improving the working quality.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the ultra-precise processing technology of the high-precision aerospace part comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a part mould for spaceflight by using laser positioning measurement;
s2: processing a mould, performing high-precision measurement on the inner surface of a notch of the mould, calculating injection capacity, mould locking pressure, injection pressure, mould installation size, an ejection device and size, nozzle hole diameter and nozzle spherical radius, size of a sprue bush positioning ring, maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the mould and template stroke, detecting the strength of a mould material, and polishing the inner wall of a mould groove;
s3: calculating the optimal temperature and humidity of injection molding of the high-precision aerospace part material, and adjusting the temperature and humidity of a production workshop;
s4: moving the die and the processing equipment to an air shower of a dust-free workshop, blowing and showering the die, the processing equipment and the processing material, and moving to a clean workbench;
s5: producing aerospace parts by using a mould, performing injection molding, and cleaning the formed aerospace parts at high cleanliness;
s6: the cleaned aerospace parts are shot and scanned in multiple angles, three-dimensional modeling is carried out, the proportion is adjusted, the aerospace parts are compared with aerospace part models in a large database, fine turning and fine trimming adjustment are carried out on the models, the aerospace parts are produced again, secondary modeling comparison is carried out, and after the model comparison data are completely consistent, the aerospace parts are subjected to post-processing;
s7: the cleaned aerospace part is subjected to rough turning and turning by using a fixture grinding mandrel, is subjected to heat treatment, and then is subjected to external grinding and internal grinding and finish turning, wherein in the processing process, dust on the surface of the aerospace part is absorbed by using a dust collector, and is subjected to welding processing after being cleaned;
s8: the welded aerospace parts are subjected to weld grinding processing, chemical cleaning is carried out after processing, weld polishing is carried out after cleaning, and secondary cleaning is carried out after polishing;
s9: after cleaning, drying is carried out after detection, the detection precision is carried out when the die is prepared, the appearance of a part produced by the die is scanned, modeling comparison is carried out, errors can be quickly found, the production precision is improved, working procedures are reduced, and the working efficiency is improved while the precision is ensured.
Further, in S1, the method includes the steps of:
s1-1: leveling a laser positioning collimator, fixedly installing an ultrasonic distance meter, and installing an assembly of the ultrasonic distance meter and the laser positioning collimator;
s1-2: adjusting the laser head to enable the optical axis of the dual-frequency laser interferometer and the axis of the machine tool to move to be on the same straight line, and adjusting and collimating the optical path;
s1-3: inputting measurement parameters after laser preheating, moving the machine tool to measure according to a specified measurement program, repeating twice, adjusting the measurement difference, adjusting the temperature, wherein the measurement environment temperature meets 20 +/-5 ℃, the temperature change is less than +/-0.2 ℃/h, and keeping the machine tool isothermal for more than 12h before measurement;
s1-4: the aerospace part mould is prepared according to the data processing and the result, so that the integral accuracy of the part mould can be improved, and the structural stability of the part mould in the optimal state can be improved through temperature regulation;
further, in S2, the method includes the steps of:
s2-1: regulating and controlling the detection environment of the produced mold slot, wherein the detection environment temperature is 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 50 +/-6%, the dew point temperature is 21 ℃, the atmospheric pressure is 890-1060hPa, and the air flow rate is less than or equal to 1 m/s;
s2-2: obtaining a part for spaceflight, observing the integral shape and basic modeling of the part, then carrying out high-precision measurement, calculating injection capacity, mold locking pressure, injection pressure, mold installation size, ejection device and size, nozzle hole diameter and nozzle spherical radius, sprue bush positioning ring size, mold maximum thickness and minimum thickness and mold plate stroke by using a height gauge, a copying machine, a dial gauge, a roundness gauge, a gear meshing machine, a tool microscope, an automatic three-coordinate gauge and a tooth gauge, and detecting the mold material strength;
s2-3: when the preassembly meets the requirements, the apparent mass of the die needs to be comprehensively checked;
s2-4: after the detection mould meets the requirements, the mould groove is polished, after polishing, the detection steps are repeated again, the operation is repeated for multiple times, after the mould and the mould groove all meet the requirements, the mould is cleaned, the mould groove is adjusted and polished for multiple times, the precision of the mould groove is effectively improved, the detection effect is further improved by multiple detection tools, the mould with the highest precision can be selected from multiple moulds to produce parts, the error of the parts is effectively reduced, and the production quality is effectively improved.
Further, in S4, the method includes the steps of:
s4-1: moving the die and the processing equipment to an air shower, and simultaneously cleaning the outer surface of a worker after the worker enters the air shower;
s4-2: a red heat sensor is arranged in the air shower, and when a worker passes through the channel, a fan switch is turned on to perform blowing and showering cleaning;
s4-3: cleaning ventilation pipelines in an air shower and a dust-free workshop regularly, installing a high-efficiency filter, and cleaning regularly;
s4-4: place operating equipment in pure workstation, install dust collector, camera equipment and display screen around pure workstation, carry out the work of moulding plastics in the dust-free workshop, and the in-process of moulding plastics is cleared up the mould, can keep the cleanliness of mould internal surface and surface, reduces the error that the dust brought to mould injection moulding's quality has been improved.
Further, in S5, the method includes the steps of:
s5-1: melting the materials of the aerospace parts into a mold groove, and performing injection molding and cooling molding;
s5-2: after molding, detecting the precision by using high-precision measuring equipment, producing in batches after meeting the requirements, and cleaning the surface of a mold and the inside of a mold groove at regular time in the injection molding process;
s5-3: and preliminarily cleaning the aerospace parts produced in batches.
Further, in S7, the method includes the steps of:
s7-1: drying the cleaned aerospace parts, and performing rough turning after drying;
s7-2: after rough turning, removing surface dust by using a dust collector, and then carrying out chemical cleaning;
s7-3: after cleaning, carrying out heat treatment;
s7-4: after heat treatment, carrying out finish turning, removing surface dust by using a dust collector after processing, and then carrying out chemical cleaning;
s7-5: weld joints among the aerospace parts are welded, and the weld joints are processed for multiple times, so that the surface precision of the parts can be improved, and the product quality is improved.
Further, in S8, the method includes the steps of:
s8-1: preheating the welded aerospace parts, reducing the welding sharp heat amplitude and cooling speed, reducing welding stress and accelerating hydrogen diffusion;
s8-2: pre-stretching the welded aerospace parts, and superposing the pre-stressed stress to change the stress field distribution of the workpiece in the welding stress field to control the welding stress and deformation;
s8-3: the vector of the mechanical vibration applied to the workpiece and the residual internal stress of the workpiece exceeds the yield strength of the material, the welding residual stress is reduced, the deformation and the cracking of the workpiece are controlled, and the size and the geometric precision of the workpiece are stabilized;
s8-4: cold extruding the surface layer of the aerospace part by using an instant external force generated by collision of the shot and the aerospace part to perform cold work hardening, surface plastic deformation and surface nanocrystallization on the surface layer of the aerospace part and convert residual tensile stress into compressive stress;
s8-5: impacting the metal surface of the aerospace part by a pulse laser beam to enable the material to generate plastic deformation, so that the precision of the aerospace part conforms to the requirement of a design drawing;
s8-6: degreasing and cleaning the treated aerospace parts, carrying out alkali biting, pickling, hot water washing, pickling and hot water washing, then thoroughly washing the aerospace parts by using a high-pressure water gun, and drying the aerospace parts by using nitrogen;
s8-7: weld joint is polished after blow-drying, and is cleaned again after polishing, and chemical cleaning is carried out for many times, so that impurities on the surfaces of parts can be thoroughly removed, and the product quality is improved.
Further, in S9, the aerospace component is detected by performing a dynamic and static balance test on the aerospace component that is operating at a high speed, performing an impact resistance test, a strength and high temperature test on the aerospace component that requires a high strength, and performing different types of detection according to different types of components to ensure the strength of the product.
The working principle is as follows: when in use, the laser positioning collimator is leveled, the ultrasonic distance meter is installed after fixed installation, the components of the ultrasonic distance meter and the laser positioning collimator are installed, the laser head is adjusted, the optical axis of the dual-frequency laser interferometer and the moving axis of the machine tool are in a straight line, the light path is adjusted and collimated, the measurement parameters are input after the laser is preheated, the machine tool is moved according to the specified measurement program for measurement, the measurement is repeated twice, the measurement difference is adjusted, the temperature is adjusted, the measurement environment temperature meets 20 +/-5 ℃, the temperature change is less than +/-0.2 ℃/h, the machine tool is isothermal for more than 12h before measurement, the aerospace part mould is prepared according to the data processing and the result, thereby the integral accuracy of the part mould is improved, the structural stability of the part mould in the optimal state can be improved through temperature adjustment, the detection environment of the mould groove after production is adjusted and controlled, detecting the environmental temperature of 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity of 50 +/-6%, the dew point temperature of 21 ℃, the atmospheric pressure of 890-, repeating for many times to ensure that the mould and the mould groove both meet the requirements, cleaning, adjusting and polishing the inside of the mould groove for many times, effectively improving the precision of the mould groove, further improving the detection effect by a multiple detection tool, calculating the optimal temperature and humidity of injection molding of high-precision aerospace part materials, adjusting the temperature and humidity of a production workshop, moving the mould and processing equipment to an air shower, simultaneously cleaning the outer surface of a worker after entering the air shower, installing a red heat sensor in the air shower, opening a fan switch when the worker passes through a channel, blowing, cleaning, regularly cleaning air ducts in the air shower and a dust-free workshop, installing a high-efficiency filter, regularly cleaning, placing the working equipment in a clean workbench, installing a dust collector, camera equipment and a display screen around the clean workbench, and performing injection molding work in the dust-free workshop, cleaning the mold in the injection molding process, keeping the cleanness of the inner surface and the outer surface of the mold, reducing errors caused by dust, and improving the injection molding quality of the mold, melting the material of the aerospace part into a mold groove, performing injection molding cooling molding, detecting the precision by using high-precision measuring equipment after molding, performing batch production after meeting the requirements, cleaning the surface of the mold and the inside of the mold groove at regular time in the injection molding process, primarily cleaning the aerospace part produced in batch, performing multi-angle shooting and scanning on the aerospace part after cleaning, performing three-dimensional modeling, adjusting the proportion, comparing with an aerospace part model in a large database, performing finish turning and fine trimming adjustment on the mold, producing the aerospace part again, performing secondary modeling comparison, circulating until the model comparison data are completely consistent, and performing post-processing on the aerospace part, the method comprises the steps of drying cleaned aerospace parts, drying, rough turning, cleaning, chemical cleaning, heat treatment, finish turning, cleaning, chemical cleaning, welding seams between the aerospace parts, performing multiple treatments on the seams to improve the surface precision of the parts and improve the product quality, preheating the welded aerospace parts, reducing the rapid heating amplitude and cooling speed of welding, reducing welding stress and accelerating hydrogen diffusion, pre-stretching the welded aerospace parts, superposing tensile stress in a welding stress field to change the stress field distribution of the parts to control the welding stress and deformation, and applying the vectors of mechanical vibration and residual internal stress to the parts, The method comprises the steps of exceeding the yield strength of a material, reducing welding residual stress, controlling workpiece deformation, cracking and stabilizing the size and geometric precision of the workpiece, performing cold extrusion on the surface layer of the aerospace part by using instant external force generated by collision of a shot and the aerospace part to perform cold work hardening, surface plastic deformation and surface nanocrystallization on the surface layer of the aerospace part, converting the residual tensile stress into compressive stress, impacting the metal surface of the aerospace part by using a pulse laser beam to generate plastic deformation, conforming the precision of the aerospace part to the requirements of design drawings, degreasing, cleaning, alkali biting, acid cleaning, hot water cleaning, thoroughly cleaning by using a high-pressure water gun, blow-drying by using nitrogen, polishing a weld joint after blow-drying, cleaning again after polishing, performing chemical cleaning for multiple times, thoroughly removing impurities on the surface of the part, and performing action on the aerospace part running at high speed, And the static balance test is to perform an impact resistance test and a strength and high temperature test on the aerospace parts with high strength requirements, and perform different types of detection according to different types of parts so as to ensure the strength of the product.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. The ultra-precise processing technology of the high-precision aerospace part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a part mould for spaceflight by using laser positioning measurement;
s2: processing a mould, performing high-precision measurement on the inner surface of a notch of the mould, calculating injection capacity, mould locking pressure, injection pressure, mould installation size, an ejection device and size, nozzle hole diameter and nozzle spherical radius, size of a sprue bush positioning ring, maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the mould and template stroke, detecting the strength of a mould material, and polishing the inner wall of a mould groove;
s3: calculating the optimal temperature and humidity of injection molding of the high-precision aerospace part material, and adjusting the temperature and humidity of a production workshop;
s4: moving the die and the processing equipment to an air shower of a dust-free workshop, blowing and showering the die, the processing equipment and the processing material, and moving to a clean workbench;
s5: producing aerospace parts by using a mould, performing injection molding, and cleaning the formed aerospace parts at high cleanliness;
s6: the cleaned aerospace parts are shot and scanned in multiple angles, three-dimensional modeling is carried out, the proportion is adjusted, the aerospace parts are compared with aerospace part models in a large database, fine turning and fine trimming adjustment are carried out on the models, the aerospace parts are produced again, secondary modeling comparison is carried out, and after the model comparison data are completely consistent, the aerospace parts are subjected to post-processing;
s7: the cleaned aerospace part is subjected to rough turning and turning by using a fixture grinding mandrel, is subjected to heat treatment, and then is subjected to external grinding and internal grinding and finish turning, wherein in the processing process, dust on the surface of the aerospace part is absorbed by using a dust collector, and is subjected to welding processing after being cleaned;
s8: the welded aerospace parts are subjected to weld grinding processing, chemical cleaning is carried out after processing, weld polishing is carried out after cleaning, and secondary cleaning is carried out after polishing;
s9: and after cleaning, drying after detection.
2. The ultra-precision machining process for the high-precision aerospace part according to claim 1, wherein the step of S1 comprises:
s1-1: leveling a laser positioning collimator, fixedly installing an ultrasonic distance meter, and installing an assembly of the ultrasonic distance meter and the laser positioning collimator;
s1-2: adjusting the laser head to enable the optical axis of the dual-frequency laser interferometer and the axis of the machine tool to move to be on the same straight line, and adjusting and collimating the optical path;
s1-3: inputting measurement parameters after laser preheating, moving the machine tool to measure according to a specified measurement program, repeating twice, adjusting the measurement difference, adjusting the temperature, wherein the measurement environment temperature meets 20 +/-5 ℃, the temperature change is less than +/-0.2 ℃/h, and keeping the machine tool isothermal for more than 12h before measurement;
s1-4: and preparing the aerospace part mould according to the data processing and result.
3. The ultra-precision machining process for the high-precision aerospace part according to claim 1, wherein the step of S2 comprises:
s2-1: regulating and controlling the detection environment of the produced mold slot, wherein the detection environment temperature is 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 50 +/-6%, the dew point temperature is 21 ℃, the atmospheric pressure is 890-1060hPa, and the air flow rate is less than or equal to 1 m/s;
s2-2: obtaining a part for spaceflight, observing the integral shape and basic modeling of the part, then carrying out high-precision measurement, calculating injection capacity, mold locking pressure, injection pressure, mold installation size, ejection device and size, nozzle hole diameter and nozzle spherical radius, sprue bush positioning ring size, mold maximum thickness and minimum thickness and mold plate stroke by using a height gauge, a copying machine, a dial gauge, a roundness gauge, a gear meshing machine, a tool microscope, an automatic three-coordinate gauge and a tooth gauge, and detecting the mold material strength;
s2-3: when the preassembly meets the requirements, the apparent mass of the die needs to be comprehensively checked;
s2-4: and after the mould is detected to meet the requirements, the mould groove is subjected to a polishing process, after polishing, the detection steps are repeated for a plurality of times, and the mould groove are cleaned after meeting the requirements.
4. The ultra-precision machining process for the high-precision aerospace part according to claim 1, wherein the step of S4 comprises:
s4-1: moving the die and the processing equipment to an air shower, and simultaneously cleaning the outer surface of a worker after the worker enters the air shower;
s4-2: a red heat sensor is arranged in the air shower, and when a worker passes through the channel, a fan switch is turned on to perform blowing and showering cleaning;
s4-3: cleaning ventilation pipelines in an air shower and a dust-free workshop regularly, installing a high-efficiency filter, and cleaning regularly;
s4-4: the working equipment is placed in a clean workbench, and a dust collector, camera equipment and a display screen are arranged around the clean workbench.
5. The ultra-precision machining process for the high-precision aerospace part according to claim 1, wherein the step of S5 comprises:
s5-1: melting the materials of the aerospace parts into a mold groove, and performing injection molding and cooling molding;
s5-2: after molding, detecting the precision by using high-precision measuring equipment, producing in batches after meeting the requirements, and cleaning the surface of a mold and the inside of a mold groove at regular time in the injection molding process;
s5-3: and preliminarily cleaning the aerospace parts produced in batches.
6. The ultra-precision machining process for the high-precision aerospace part according to claim 1, wherein the step of S7 comprises:
s7-1: drying the cleaned aerospace parts, and performing rough turning after drying;
s7-2: after rough turning, removing surface dust by using a dust collector, and then carrying out chemical cleaning;
s7-3: after cleaning, carrying out heat treatment;
s7-4: after heat treatment, carrying out finish turning, removing surface dust by using a dust collector after processing, and then carrying out chemical cleaning;
s7-5: and welding seams among the aerospace parts.
7. The ultra-precision machining process for the high-precision aerospace part according to claim 1, wherein the step of S8 comprises:
s8-1: preheating the welded aerospace parts, reducing the welding sharp heat amplitude and cooling speed, reducing welding stress and accelerating hydrogen diffusion;
s8-2: pre-stretching the welded aerospace parts, and superposing the pre-stressed stress to change the stress field distribution of the workpiece in the welding stress field to control the welding stress and deformation;
s8-3: the vector of the mechanical vibration applied to the workpiece and the residual internal stress of the workpiece exceeds the yield strength of the material, the welding residual stress is reduced, the deformation and the cracking of the workpiece are controlled, and the size and the geometric precision of the workpiece are stabilized;
s8-4: cold extruding the surface layer of the aerospace part by using an instant external force generated by collision of the shot and the aerospace part to perform cold work hardening, surface plastic deformation and surface nanocrystallization on the surface layer of the aerospace part and convert residual tensile stress into compressive stress;
s8-5: impacting the metal surface of the aerospace part by a pulse laser beam to enable the material to generate plastic deformation, so that the precision of the aerospace part conforms to the requirement of a design drawing;
s8-6: degreasing and cleaning the treated aerospace parts, carrying out alkali biting, pickling, hot water washing, pickling and hot water washing, then thoroughly washing the aerospace parts by using a high-pressure water gun, and drying the aerospace parts by using nitrogen;
s8-7: and polishing the welding line after blow-drying, and cleaning again after polishing.
8. The ultra-precision machining process for a high-precision aerospace part according to claim 1, wherein in S9, the aerospace part is detected by performing a dynamic and static balance test on the aerospace part which is operated at a high speed, and performing an impact resistance test, a strength test and a high-temperature test on the aerospace part which is required to have a high strength.
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