CN112563760B - Butterfly-wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Butterfly-wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112563760B CN112563760B CN202011415961.0A CN202011415961A CN112563760B CN 112563760 B CN112563760 B CN 112563760B CN 202011415961 A CN202011415961 A CN 202011415961A CN 112563760 B CN112563760 B CN 112563760B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
Abstract
The invention provides a butterfly wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and a manufacturing method thereof. By optimizing the material proportion of the wave-absorbing material and the parameters of the unit structure model, the composite wave absorber has broadband absorption at the frequency band of 5-40GHz, the maximum absorption strength can reach-28.2 dB at the frequency band of 21.7GHz, and the absorption bandwidth with Reflection Loss (RL) less than-9.5 dB is 29.54 GHz. The metamaterial has the advantages of easily adjustable structure and simple manufacturing process, effectively solves the problems of single absorption frequency band, high density and the like of the wave-absorbing material, and enhances the wave-absorbing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical research field of wave-absorbing composite materials, and particularly relates to a butterfly-wing-like broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of military and military investigation techniques of military and military strong countries such as English, American and German Law, the concealment of weaponry such as fighters, bombers, ships and missiles becomes increasingly difficult and can be destroyed immediately once found. Therefore, while the radar detection capability is improved, the research range of stealth technology for military facilities is continuously expanded in various countries.
The stealth technology is used as a high-tech core technology for military operations in various military strong countries in the modern world and plays an important role. The military combat equipment with the high stealth function can enable the military combat equipment to always master the initiative in the attack process, and the instantaneity of attacking the opponent is increased. Generally, the stealth improvement technology is mainly achieved by the following two methods: reduce the Radar Cross Section (RCS) and minimize the Reflection of electromagnetic waves (i.e., Reflection interference materials, RAM).
The electromagnetic wave absorbing material (RAM) is used as a matter guarantee of the stealth technology, can absorb a large amount of external incident electromagnetic waves and greatly reduce the surface electromagnetic wave energy in the form of heat energy, and accordingly reduces feedback signals of the radar. At present, electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials are classified into coating type wave-absorbing materials and structural type wave-absorbing materials. The coating type wave-absorbing material reduces the risk that equipment can be identified by coating, but has the defects of easy falling and no bearing capacity. Compared with a coating type wave-absorbing material, the structural wave-absorbing material belongs to a multifunctional composite material, has better bearing capacity, can absorb electromagnetic waves, and becomes a main research object of the current novel stealth wave-absorbing material. A jet-II aircraft air inlet channel, Japanese aircraft bomb, warship bomb and the like which are researched by F-111 aircraft fairing and British and American union all adopt structural type electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.
Carbon fiber is an inorganic fiber composed of carbon elements, wherein the carbon content is more than 90%. Has the excellent characteristics of high temperature resistance, electric conduction, heat conduction, corrosion resistance, friction resistance and the like. Meanwhile, the carbon fiber also has excellent mechanical properties such as low density, high specific strength, high specific modulus and the like, and is an ideal material for manufacturing high-precision equipment such as aviation, aerospace and the like. Magnetic nanomaterials, such as iron oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, etc., are widely used in the field of low-frequency microwave absorption due to their excellent physicochemical properties, such as large specific surface area, excellent magnetic properties, small size effect, etc. Because a single magnetic material or a single dielectric material cannot meet the requirement of electromagnetic wave impedance matching, the absorption effect in a microwave frequency band is not ideal, and the requirements of lightness, thinness and strength of the RAM in the current period cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a butterfly wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and a manufacturing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a butterfly-wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure comprises a substrate and butterfly-wing-imitated metamaterial unit structures, wherein a plurality of butterfly-wing-imitated wave-absorbing metamaterial unit structures are uniformly distributed on the substrate at equal intervals to form a butterfly-wing-imitated composite wave-absorbing metamaterial periodic structure;
the butterfly wing-imitated composite wave-absorbing metamaterial unit structure comprises a main body substrate and butterfly wing-shaped protrusions, wherein the two butterfly wing-shaped protrusions are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main body, and the bottom of the main body is fixedly arranged on the substrate.
Furthermore, a gap is reserved between the butterfly wing type bulge and the substrate, and the number of layers of the butterfly wing type bulge is 1-4.
Further, the interlayer distance is 0-2 mm.
Further, a preparation method of the broadband butterfly wing-like composite wave-absorbing metamaterial comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a composite wave-absorbing material;
step 3, pouring the composite wave-absorbing material into a quantitative epoxy resin curing agent, and quickly stirring until the epoxy resin and the curing agent are uniformly mixed;
and 4, slowly introducing the mixed resin into a mold, putting the mold into a vacuum drying oven, pumping the mold to the vacuum degree of 0.07-0.09MPa at room temperature, removing redundant bubbles in the resin for 1-1.5h, then heating to 115 ℃ and reacting for 1-2 h.
Further, step 1 specifically includes:
respectively physically mixing the chopped carbon fibers, the core-shell structure magnetic nanoparticles and the epoxy resin according to different mass ratios, dispersing for 15min by using a high-speed dispersion stirrer, and stirring for 2-4h by using a mechanical stirrer; and after stirring, putting the sample into a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature to be 100 ℃, removing bubbles in the acetone solvent and the epoxy resin in vacuum, and drying for 10-20h in vacuum until the quality of the sample is unchanged.
Furthermore, the proportion of the short carbon fiber, the core-shell structure magnetic nano-particles and the epoxy resin is that the carbon fiber (0-20 wt%) is in proportion to the core-shell magnetic nano-particles (0-20 wt%): the dosage of the epoxy resin (70-100 wt%) and the acetone solvent is 5-10 mL.
Furthermore, the size of the chopped carbon fiber is 7-10um in fiber diameter and 150-1 mm in length; the epoxy resin comprises bisphenol A epoxy resin, straight chain type epoxy resin and epoxy resin with branched chain.
Furthermore, the magnetic nanoparticles in the core-shell structure are suitable for iron oxide, nickel oxide or cobalt oxide, different magnetic nanoparticles can show different wave-absorbing properties, and the shell structure is suitable for silicon dioxide or Prussian blue.
Further, in the step 3, the epoxy resin curing agent is ammonia, cyanogen or sulfur, and the curing time is within the range of 1-24 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the existing composite wave-absorbing materials all have the problems of narrow absorption band, thick thickness or high specific gravity of wave-absorbing agent filler, and the like, and meanwhile, although the absorption band width of the novel nano composite wave-absorbing material is improved, the preparation time is long, the process manufacturing procedure is complex, and the novel nano composite wave-absorbing material can only stay in the research stage of a laboratory. In the invention, by utilizing the electromagnetic coupling matching relationship between the microscopic core-shell structure nano-scale magnetic particles and the short carbon fibers and the broadband characteristic of the macroscopic butterfly wing unit periodic structure, the absorption bandwidth of the composite wave-absorbing material in a microwave band can be enlarged, and the mass fraction of the wave-absorbing agent in the composite wave-absorbing metamaterial is only 30 wt%, compared with the prior art, the specific gravity is reduced by about 40%. The butterfly wing-like composite wave-absorbing metamaterial has important significance for the research in the field of microwave electromagnetic materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a butterfly-wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of structural parameters of a butterfly wing-like composite wave-absorbing metamaterial unit.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an optimal parameter of a butterfly wing-like composite broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial unit structure.
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph (5-40GHz) of the actual test wave-absorbing reflectivity and the simulated wave-absorbing reflectivity.
Detailed Description
The preparation process of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the experimental examples and specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the chemical processes of the following examples, conventional processes are used unless otherwise specified; the materials used in the examples were purchased from conventional chemical agents, unless otherwise specified.
A butterfly-wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure comprises a substrate and butterfly-wing-imitated composite wave-absorbing metamaterial unit structures, wherein a plurality of butterfly-wing-imitated metamaterial unit structures are uniformly distributed on the substrate at equal intervals to form a butterfly-wing-imitated composite wave-absorbing metamaterial;
the butterfly wing-imitated composite wave-absorbing metamaterial unit structure comprises a base main board and butterfly wing-shaped protrusions, wherein the two butterfly wing-shaped protrusions are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a main body, and the bottom of the main body is fixedly arranged on a base plate.
Furthermore, a gap is reserved between the butterfly wing type bulge and the substrate, and the number of layers of the butterfly wing type bulge is 1-4.
Further, the interlayer distance is 0-2 mm.
Further, a preparation method of the broadband butterfly wing-like composite wave-absorbing metamaterial comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a composite wave-absorbing material;
step 3, pouring the composite wave-absorbing material into a quantitative epoxy resin curing agent, and quickly stirring until the epoxy resin and the curing agent are uniformly mixed;
and 4, slowly introducing the mixed resin into a mold, putting the mold into a vacuum drying oven, pumping the mold to the vacuum degree of 0.07-0.09MPa at room temperature, removing redundant bubbles in the resin for 1-1.5h, then heating to 115 ℃ and reacting for 1-2 h.
Further, step 1 specifically includes:
respectively physically mixing the chopped carbon fibers, the core-shell structure magnetic nanoparticles and the epoxy resin according to different mass ratios, dispersing for 15min by using a high-speed dispersion stirrer, and stirring for 4-6h by using a mechanical stirrer; and after stirring, putting the sample into a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature to be 100 ℃, removing bubbles in the acetone solvent and the epoxy resin in vacuum, and drying for 10-20h in vacuum until the quality of the sample is unchanged.
Furthermore, the proportion of the short carbon fiber, the core-shell structure magnetic nano-particles and the epoxy resin is that the carbon fiber (0-20 wt%) is in proportion to the core-shell magnetic nano-particles (0-20 wt%): the dosage of the epoxy resin (70-100 wt%) and the acetone solvent is 5-10 mL.
Further, the size of the chopped carbon fiber is 7-10um in fiber diameter and about 150um in length; the epoxy resin comprises bisphenol A epoxy resin, straight chain type epoxy resin and epoxy resin with branched chain.
Furthermore, the magnetic nanoparticles in the core-shell structure are suitable for iron oxide, nickel oxide or cobalt oxide, different magnetic nanoparticles can show different wave-absorbing properties, and the shell structure is suitable for silicon dioxide or Prussian blue.
Further, in the step 3, the epoxy resin curing agent is ammonia, cyanogen or sulfur, and the curing time is within the range of 1-24 h.
Example 1
(1) And optimizing structural parameters of the broadband butterfly wing-imitating composite wave-absorbing metamaterial.
The structural parameters of the butterfly wing-imitated composite wave-absorbing metamaterial comprise the length, width and height of a bottom layer (L1L 1X 1), the length, width and height of an upper layer (A2B 2Y 1), the length, width and height of a butterfly wing (A1B 1Y 2) and the interlayer spacing (Y3), as shown in FIG. 2. By analyzing the influence of the parameters of L1, a1, a2, B1, B2, Y1, Y2, Y3 and X1 on the electromagnetic wave absorption band and absorption intensity, the optimal unit structure parameters are finally obtained, i.e. L1-15 mm, a 1-10 mm, a 2-6 mm, B1-B2-10 mm, Y1-5 mm, Y2-0.5 mm and Y3-1 mm, as shown in fig. 3.
(2) Material proportion optimization and preparation method of composite wave-absorbing material
The carbon fiber, the core-shell structure magnetic nanoparticles and the epoxy resin are prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: epoxy resin (52.5 wt%), acetone solvent was used in 10 mL. Dispersing for 15min with high speed disperser, and stirring with mechanical stirrer for 4 hr. After stirring, the sample is placed into a vacuum drying oven, the temperature is set to be 100 ℃, bubbles in the acetone solvent and the epoxy resin are removed in vacuum, and the vacuum drying time is 10 hours until the sample quality is unchanged.
(3) Manufacturing method of wave absorber with butterfly wing composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure
The mould matched with the metamaterial structure is manufactured by utilizing the optimal parameters of the metamaterial structure and combining the 3d printing and mould turning technology, and different epoxy resins are selected to correspond to different manufacturing processes and different experimental conditions. Slowly adding a certain amount of epoxy resin curing agent into the epoxy resin mixed solution prepared in the step (2), and quickly stirring until the epoxy resin and the curing agent are uniformly mixed. Then pouring the mixture into a mold until the mold is completely covered, putting the mold into a vacuum drying oven, and vacuumizing the mold for 0.5 to 1 hour at room temperature, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.08Mpa, so that the resin mixture can better penetrate into a tiny structural gap to play a role in exhausting. Secondly, the sample piece is cured according to different curing conditions, so that the mechanical property of the sample piece is improved. Finally, the sample piece is taken out by mould turnover for reflectivity test, and the simulation result is compared (as shown in figure 4).
Claims (7)
1. A butterfly-wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure is characterized by comprising a substrate and butterfly-wing-imitated metamaterial unit structures, wherein a plurality of butterfly-wing-imitated metamaterial unit structures are uniformly distributed on the substrate at equal intervals to form a butterfly-wing-imitated composite wave-absorbing metamaterial;
the butterfly wing imitating metamaterial unit structure comprises a main body and butterfly wing type bulges, wherein the two butterfly wing type bulges are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main body, and the bottom of the main body is fixedly arranged on a substrate;
a gap is reserved between the butterfly wing-shaped bulge and the substrate, and the number of layers of the butterfly wing-shaped bulge is 1-4.
2. The butterfly-wing-like broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer spacing is 0-2 mm.
3. A preparation method of a butterfly wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure is characterized in that the method is based on any one of claims 1 to 2, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a composite wave-absorbing material;
step 2, preparing a butterfly wing metamaterial structure-imitating wave absorbing body mould through a 3D printing and mould turning technology;
step 3, pouring the composite wave-absorbing material into a quantitative epoxy resin curing agent, and quickly stirring until the epoxy resin and the curing agent are uniformly mixed;
step 4, slowly introducing the mixed resin into a mold, putting the mold into a vacuum drying oven, pumping the mold to the vacuum degree of 0.07-0.09MPa at room temperature, removing redundant bubbles in the resin for 1-1.5h, then heating the mold to 115 ℃ and reacting the mold for 1-2 h;
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
respectively physically mixing the chopped carbon fibers, the core-shell structure magnetic nanoparticles and the epoxy resin according to different mass ratios, dispersing for 15min by using a high-speed dispersion stirrer, and stirring for 2-4h by using a mechanical stirrer; and after stirring, putting the sample into a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature to be 100 ℃, removing bubbles in the acetone solvent and the epoxy resin in vacuum, and drying for 10-20h in vacuum until the quality of the sample is unchanged.
4. The preparation method of the butterfly wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 3, wherein the proportion of the short carbon fibers, the core-shell structure magnetic nanoparticles and the epoxy resin is carbon fibers (0-20 wt%) to core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (0-20 wt%): the dosage of the epoxy resin (70-100 wt%) and the acetone solvent is 5-10 mL.
5. The preparation method of the butterfly wing-imitated broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 3, wherein the size of the chopped carbon fibers is 7-10um in fiber diameter and 150-1 mm in length; the epoxy resin comprises bisphenol A epoxy resin, straight chain type epoxy resin and epoxy resin with branched chain.
6. The preparation method of the butterfly-wing-like broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 3, wherein the core portion of the magnetic nanoparticles in the core-shell structure is suitable for iron oxide, nickel oxide or cobalt oxide, different magnetic nanoparticles can show different wave-absorbing characteristics, and the shell portion is suitable for silicon dioxide or Prussian blue.
7. The method for preparing a butterfly-wing-like broadband composite wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3, the epoxy resin curing agent is ammonia, cyanogen or sulfur, and the curing time is within a range of 1-24 h.
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